Óbuda was a town in

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...

that was merged with

Buda Buda (; german: Ofen, sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Budim, Будим, Czech and sk, Budín, tr, Budin) was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the ...

and Pest on 17 November 1873; it now forms part of District III-Óbuda-Békásmegyer of

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population o ...

. The name means ''Old Buda'' in Hungarian (in

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

, ''Alt-Ofen''). The name in Bosnian, Croatian and

Serbian Serbian may refer to: * someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe * someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people * Serbian language * Serbian names See also * * * Old Serbian (disambiguation ...

for this city is ''Stari Budim'', but the local Croat minority calls it ''Obuda'' (the name "Budim" is used for the fortress in Buda). In

Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places * Czech, ...

it is called ''Starý Budín''. The island ( Óbuda Island) next to this part of the city today hosts the

Sziget Festival The Sziget Festival ( hu, Sziget Fesztivál, ; "Sziget" for "Island") is one of the largest music and cultural festivals in Europe. It is held every August in northern Budapest, Hungary, on Óbudai-sziget ("Old Buda Island"), a leafy 108-hect ...

, a huge music and cultural festival. Óbuda's centre is ''Fő tér'' (Main Square), connected to a small square with a sculpture of people waiting for the rain to stop. It is accessible by HÉV (''Szentlélek tér'' station).

History

Settlements dating from the

Stone Age The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with ...

have been found in Óbuda. The

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

built there

Aquincum Aquincum (, ) was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire. The ruins of the city can be found today in Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. It is believed that Marcus Aurelius w ...

, the

capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used fo ...

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory that is now west ...

province. Hungarians arrived after 900 and it served as an important settlement of major tribal leaders, later kings. The site was the location of royal and ecclesiastic foundations. King

Béla IV Béla may refer to: * Béla (crater), an elongated lunar crater * Béla (given name), a common Hungarian male given name See also * Bela (disambiguation) * Belá (disambiguation) * Bělá (disambiguation) Bělá, derived from ''bílá'' (''wh ...

built a new capital after the 1241-42 catastrophic

Mongol The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...

invasion in

, somewhat south of Óbuda. In the fourteenth century, Óbuda featured a convent of the

Poor Clares The Poor Clares, officially the Order of Saint Clare ( la, Ordo sanctae Clarae) – originally referred to as the Order of Poor Ladies, and later the Clarisses, the Minoresses, the Franciscan Clarist Order, and the Second Order of Saint Francis ...

. The obscured historical remains of Óbuda, together with the role it played in nineteenth-century poetry, has resulted it being subject to various historical disputes. A

commemorative plaque A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, or in other places referred to as a historical marker, historic marker, or historic plaque, is a plate of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material, typically attached to a wall, stone, or other ...

appears on the building erected on the site of the former Jewish Elementary School in Óbuda (Óbuda Street Nr 6) commemorating victims of the

Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...

People

Károly Bebo Károly Bebo (c. 1712 – April 1779) was an 18th-century Hungarian sculptor, builder and decorator noted for his stucco work. Bebo worked as steward at the Óbuda estate in the service of the Counts Zichy, and around 1740 worked in decora ...

(1712–1779) – sculptor *

József Manes Österreicher Joseph Manes Österreicher ( hu, Österreicher József Manes), Hungarian physician; born at Óbuda 1759; died at Vienna, December 14, 1831. He studied medicine, but could not practise until after the promulgation of the edict of toleration by Em ...

(1759–1831) – physician *

Pál Harrer Pál Harrer (18 October 1829 – 27 July 1914) was a Hungarian councillor and politician, who served as the first and only Mayor of Óbuda from 10 November 1872 until its unification with the towns of Buda and Pest to form Budapest in 1873. Biog ...

(1829–1914) – the first and only mayor of Óbuda *

Egon Orowan Egon Orowan FRS ( hu, Orován Egon) (August 2, 1902 – August 3, 1989) was a Hungarian- British physicist and metallurgist. According to György Marx, he was one of The Martians. Life Orowan was born in the Óbuda district of Budapest. ...

(1902–1989) –

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...

and

metallurgist Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...

Museums

*Aquincum Museum, small museum displays jewels, glassware, metal tools, and wall paintings relating to the lives of ancient Romans living in Aquincum. The museum's outdoor site contains remnants of the town, including courtyards, baths, a market place, shrines, large columns, sculptures, and a stone sarcophagus. Roman ruins elsewhere in Óbuda include baths that served the Roman

legionnaires The French Foreign Legion (french: Légion étrangère) is a corps of the French Army which comprises several specialties: infantry, cavalry, engineers, airborne troops. It was created in 1831 to allow foreign nationals into the French Army. It ...

stationed in

, the Hercules Villa, and two

amphitheatre An amphitheatre (British English) or amphitheater (American English; both ) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ('), from ('), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and ...

s, the Aquincum Civil Amphitheater and the larger Aquincum Military Amphitheatre. *Kassák Museum, a branch museum of the Petőfi Literary Museum; features items relating to the life and work of the Hungarian

avant garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or 'vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical D ...

writer

Lajos Kassák Lajos Kassák (March 21, 1887 – July 22, 1967) was a Hungarian poet, novelist, painter, essayist, editor, theoretician of the avant-garde, and occasional translator. He was among the first genuine working-class writers in Hungarian litera ...

(1887-1967) *Obudai Museum, primary collection features local history; the museum also encompasses Hungary's only toy museum, and the Zsigmond Kun Flat Museum, which features folk furniture *Museum of Hungarian Trade and Tourism *Vasarely Museum, Zichy Palace, features work by Vasarely, as well as temporary exhibitions of other Hungarian artists

Sport

* III. Kerületi TVE, football team *

33 FC 33 FC is a Hungarian football club from the town of Óbuda, Budapest. History 33 FC debuted in the 1902 season of the Hungarian League and finished third. From 1926 to 1929, while they were named Budai 33, legendary Hungarian footballer ...

, football team

References

External links

*
A Walk through Old Buda
{{DEFAULTSORT:Obuda Chabad communities Chabad in Europe Jewish communities in Hungary Roman settlements in Hungary