The Bharatmala Pariyojna ( 'India garland project') is an ongoing project that will interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from current 6) and move 80% freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total , 116 feeder routes (FR) of total and 7 north east Multi-Modal waterway ports. The project also includes development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest, jam free & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India. This ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing Highway Projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Atal Bihari Vajpayee (; 25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician who served three terms as the 10th prime minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months fr ...

government in 1998. Bharatmala is mainly focused on connecting remote areas and satellite cities of megacities such as

Bengaluru Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...

, Pune, Hyderabad etc. The total investment for committed new highways is estimated at , making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of March 2022). The project will build highways from

Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...

, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories -

Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir may refer to: * Kashmir, the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent * Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), a region administered by India as a union territory * Jammu and Kashmir (state), a region administered ...

, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand - and then portions of borders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram. Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas. Other than NHDP related projects which are greenfield, there is Brownfield National Highway Projects which is a upgradation/widening of existing 4 lane highways into 6 lane highways which are not controlled access highways. Many state highways have been converted to National Highways under this project. It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Industrial corridor, Make in India,

Startup India Startup India is an initiative of the Government of India. The campaign was first announced by Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi during his speech on 15 August 2015. The action plan of this initiative is focussing on three areas: # Simplif ...

Standup India Stand-Up India was launched by Government of India on 5 April 2016 to support entrepreneurship among women and SC & ST communities. It is similar to but distinct from Startup India. Both are enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of In ...

Setu Bharatam Setu Bharatam was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 4 March 2016 at a budget of , with an aim to make all national highways free of railway crossings by 2019. Project details Under the project, as many as 208 rails over and under brid ...

Sagarmala The Sagarmala Programme () is an initiative by the Government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural inv ...

, Dedicated Freight Corridors(DFC), UDAN-RCS,

Digital India Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India in order to ensure that the Government's services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity or making ...

BharatNet BharatNet, also known as Bharat Broadband Network Limited, is a central public sector undertaking, set up by the Department of Telecommunications, a department under Ministry of Communications of the Government of India for the establishment, ...

, Parvatmala.

Scope

Context

India's 6,215,797 km (3,862,317 mi) road network is second largest in the world, of which only 2% (~1,60,000 km) are national highways (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic.BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I
/ref> Bharatmala phase-I will raise the NH connection to a total of 80% or 550 districts out of total 718 districts from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017). Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the India's freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors was done to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.

NHIDCL

National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited The National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) is a fully owned company of the Government of India, set up in 2014 and is responsible for management of a network of over 5,500 km of National Highways out ...

was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways by the Government of India to expedite construction of National Highway projects with specific focus on Northeast India.National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October
Economic Times, 9 Oct 9 2014.NHIDCL intro

Central Road Fund (CRF)

Central Road Fund (CRF) was created as a non-lapsable fund under the ''"Central Road Fund Act 2000"'', by imposing a cess on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade National Highways, State roads, rural roads, railway under/over bridges etc., and national waterways.What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?
Indian Economy.

Impact

Bharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure: * Raise 6 NC corridors to 50 corridors (6 NC and 44 EC) * Raise 40% freight to 80% freight on National Highways * Raise 300 districts to 550 districts connected by minimum 4-lane highways.

Components

National Highways Development Project (NHDP)

NHDP project covers , including completed, under construction and left for award (as of May 2017). The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala. NHDP was meant to convert dirt roads into National Highways or any 1/2 lane roads into 4 lane national highways.

National Corridors (NC)

National Corridors of India (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in Golden Quadrilateral and 2 in North–South and East–West Corridors, including Mumbai - Kolkata Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of India's freight. Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors. Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC. Busiest stretches of National Corridors will be converted to the expressways. inter-corridor and feeder routes will be built. Additionally, of border roads and international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.

National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)

National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP) entails phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 30 ring roads of 6 NC. Investment approval for Phase 1
/ref> New ring roads in Bharatmala include: * Agra * Amaravati *

Belgaum Belgaum (ISO 15919, ISO: ''Bēḷagāma''; also Belgaon and officially known as Belagavi) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located in its northern part along the Western Ghats. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous ...

* Berhampur * Bhubaneswar * Chitradurga * Delhi * Dhanbad * Dhule * Gurugram * Indore * Jabalpur * Jaipur * Kota * Lucknow * Madurai * Nagpur * Patna * Pune * Raipur *

Ranchi Ranchi (, ) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Odisha, western West Bengal and the eastern area ...

* Sagar * Sambalpur * Shivpuri * Solapur *

Surat Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The word Surat literally means ''face'' in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the river Tapti near its confluence with the Arabian Sea, it used to be a large seaport. It is now ...

* Thiruvananthapuram * Udaipur * Varanasi * Vijayawada

Economic Corridors

Economic Corridors of India or Industrial Corridors of India, 44 corridors were identified and will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include:Bharatmala presentation
/ref> 66 inter-corridors (IC) & 116 feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala. List of 44 economic corridors (EC): * EC-1: Mumbai- Kolkata * EC-2: Mumbai- Kanyakumari * EC-3:

Amritsar Amritsar (), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ''Ambarsar'', is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre, located in the Majha r ...

Jamnagar Jamnagar () is a city located on the western coast of India in the state of Gujarat of Saurashtra (region), Saurashtra region. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jamnagar district and the fifth largest city in Gujarat. The city lies ...

* EC-4: Kandla- Sagar * EC-5: Agra- Mumbai * EC-6: Pune- Vijayawada * EC-7: Raipur- Dhanbad * EC-8: Ludhiana- Ajmer * EC-9:

- Nagpur * EC-10: Hyderabad- Panaji * EC-11: Jaipur- Indore * EC-12: Solapur- Nagpur * EC-13: Sagar- Varanasi * EC-14: Kharagpur-

Siliguri Siliguri, ) is a major tier-II city in West Bengal. It forms twin cities, "Twin Cities" with the neighboring district capital of Jalpaiguri. The city spans areas of the Darjeeling district, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian sta ...

* EC-15: Raipur- Visakhapatnam * EC-16: Delhi- Lucknow * EC-17: Chennai-

Kurnool Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema".Kurnool is also known as The City of Gem Stones. It also se ...

* EC-18: Indore- Nagpur * EC-19: Chennai- Madurai * EC-20: Mangaluru- Raichur * EC-21: Tuticorin- Cochin * EC-22: Solapur- Bellary- Gooty * EC-23: Hyderabad- Aurangabad * EC-24: Delhi-

Kanpur Kanpur or Cawnpore ( /kɑːnˈpʊər/ pronunciation (help·info)) is an industrial city in the central-western part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Founded in 1207, Kanpur became one of the most important commercial and military stations o ...

* EC-25: Tharad-

Phalodi Phalodi is a town and a municipality in Jodhpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the headquarters for Phalodi tehsil. Phalodi is also called the "salt city" due to the salt industry in Rin. Phalodi is in the buffer zone of Thar ...

* EC-26:

Nagaur Nagaur is a city and municipal council in Nagaur district of the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. Nagaur is famous for spices ...

- Mandi Dabwali * EC-27: Sagar- Lucknow * EC-28: Sambalpur- Paradeep * EC-29: Amreli-

Vadodra Vadodara (), also known as Baroda, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district and is situated on the banks of the Vishwamitri River, from the state capital ...

* EC-30:

Godhra Godhra is a municipality in Panchmahal district in Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Panchmahal district. Originally the name came from ''gou'' which means "cow" and ''dhara''- which have two meanings dependi ...

- Khargone * EC-31: Sambalpur-

* EC-32:

Malappuram Malappuram (also Malapuram) () is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of including the surrounding suburban areas. The first municipality in the district formed in 1970, Malappuram serves as the administrative headquarter ...

* EC-33:

Raisen Raisen is a town and a municipality in Raisen district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raisen District. Raisen takes its name from the massive fort at the top of a hill. The town is located at the ...

- Pathariya * EC-34:

- Mangaluru * EC-35: Chittaurgarh- Indore * EC-36: Bilaspur- New Delhi * EC-37: Solapur- Mahabubnagar * EC-38:

- Nellore * EC-39: Ajmer- Udaipur * EC-40: Sirsa- Delhi * EC-41: Sirohi- Beawar * EC-42: Jaipur- Agra * EC-43: Pune- Aurangabad * EC-44: North East Corridor

Logistics parks

Logistics parks entailing 45% of India's freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017). * Ambala *

* Bathinda * Bhopal * Chennai * Cochin *

Coimbatore Coimbatore, also spelt as Koyamputhur (), sometimes shortened as Kovai (), is one of the major metropolitan cities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Noyyal River and surrounded by the Western Ghats. Coimbato ...

* Guwahati * Hisar * Hyderabad * Indore *

Jagatsinghpur Jagatsinghpur is a city and a municipality in Jagatsinghpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is also the headquarters of Jagatsinghpur district. It got the recognition as a new district on 1 April 1993 formerly it was a sub-division of ...

* Jaipur * Jammu * Kandla * Kolkata * Kota * Nagpur * Nashik * Panaji * Patna * Pune * Raipur *

Rajkot Rajkot () is the fourth-largest city in the Indian state of Gujarat after Ahmedabad, Vadodara, and Surat, and is in the centre of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Rajkot is the 35th-largest metropolitan area in India, with a population of ...

Solan Solan is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and the district headquarters of Solan district. It is located south of the state capital, Shimla. Solan has an average elevation of . The city is situated between Chandigarh (joint capi ...

Sundargarh Sundergarh is a town in Sundergarh district of the Indian state of Odisha. As of 2011 2011 Census of India, census, the municipality had a population of 45,036. Sundargarh is recognized as an industrial district in Odisha. Steel, fertilizer, ce ...

* Valsad * Vijayawada * Visakhapatnam * North Gujarat **

Ahmedabad Ahmedabad ( ; Gujarati: Amdavad ) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per t ...

** Vadodara * South Gujarat **

Bharuch Bharuch (), formerly known as Broach, is a city at the mouth of the river Narmada in Gujarat in western India. Bharuch is the administrative headquarters of Bharuch District. The city of Bharuch and surroundings have been settled since tim ...

* North Punjab ** Jalandhar **

** Gurdaspur * South Punjab ** Ludhiana ** Sangrur ** Patiala * Delhi-NCR ** Delhi ** Faridabad
( IMT Manesar) ** Narnaul
( Nangal Choudhary IMHL) ** Ghaziabad * MMR ** Mumbai ** Mumbai suburbs ** Jnpt **

Mumbai Port Mumbai Port Trust (also known as the Bombay Port Trust) is a port which lies midway on the West coast of India, on the natural deep-water harbour of Mumbai (Bombay) in Maharashtra.The harbour spread over is protected by the mainland of Konkan t ...

** Thane ** Raigad

Northeast India connectivity

North East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on

Brahmaputra The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet, northeast India, and Bangladesh. It is also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachali, Luit in Assamese, and Jamuna River in Bangla. It ...

on th
bharatmala route (slide 21)
* Dhubri *

Silghat Silghat is a town located on the southern banks of the Brahmaputra, in Nagaon district in the Indian state of Assam. It is 48 km northeast of Nagaon. With a river and hills, the scenic beauty of Silghat attracts local and visitors throughou ...

* Biswanath Ghat * Neamati * Dibrugarh * Sengajan * Oriyamghat

International connectivity

Look-East Connectivity will be further developed in th
Bharatmala routes (slide 22)
* 24 Integrated check posts (ICPs) * Transit through Bangladesh to improve Northeast India * Integrating Bangladesh–Bhutan–Nepal-Myanmar–Thailand

BIMSTEC The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic pro ...

corridors.

Finance

*Total budget for 5 years Bharatmala project from 2017 to 2022. ** existing NH projects subsumed under Bharatmala, such as incomplete National Highways, SARDP-NE, Externally Aided Projects (EAP, e.g. world Bank and ADB), and Left Wing Extremism roads (LWE). ** phase-I to be completed during 2017-dec 2019: *** through market borrowings. *** through private investments. *** through the Central Road Fund (CRF) and tolls: **** from CRF. **** from new toll monetisation of completed highways. **** from current toll fee from Toll-Permanent Bridge Fee Fund (PBFF)).new release
/ref> * Fy2017-18:Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala
Economic Times, 24 Dec 2017. * highways built at the rate of 27 km/day, * through allocation in the national budget. * Fy2018-19: ** will be awarded. ** will be completed. ** total spend: *** through allocation in the national budget, *** through bonds, *** through toll monetisation of 30 completed highways.

Implementation phases: 2017-2022

The plan envisages the construction of roads, including of additional highways and roads across the country, apart from an existing plan of building of new highways by the National Highway Authority of India. Bharatmala has synergy with

Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2022

The total length of highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2022, including of new highways and another currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under NHDP.Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister
First Post, 25 Oct 2017.

Phase-II: 48,877 km (expected 2024)

Multimodal logistics parks. It will make current corridors more effective & will improve connectivity with north east and leverage synergy with inland waterways. Multi-modal logistics parks will provide seamless cargo transfer between Railways cargo, Inland Waterways, Air cargo, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Access-Controlled Expressways, National Highways, State Highways in a Hub and Spoke model.

References

External links

Bharatmala presentation - Oct 2017

bharatmala-phase
MorTH, GoI. {{Government Schemes in India Modi administration initiatives Proposed road infrastructure in India 2015 establishments in India