''Zanthoxylum'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of about 250 species of

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

and

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

trees, shrubs and climbers in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Derm ...

that are native to warm

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in the subfamily

Rutoideae Rutoideae is a flowering plant subfamily in the family Rutaceae. The subfamily has had varying circumscriptions. In a 2012 classification of the family it was one of only two subfamilies and contained most of the genera, whereas in a 2021 classif ...

. Several of the species have yellow

heartwood Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin tha ...

, to which their generic name alludes.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' are typically

dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproductio ...

shrubs, trees or woody climbers armed with

trichomes Trichomes (); ) are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant ...

. The leaves are arranged alternately and are usually

pinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in ...

trifoliate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

. The flowers are usually arranged in

panicle A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are of ...

s and usually function as male or female flowers with four

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s and four petals, the sepals remaining attached to the fruit. Male flowers have four

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s opposite the sepals. Female flowers have up to five, more or less free

carpels Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

with the styles free or sometimes fused near the tip. The fruit is usually of up to four follicles fused at the base, each containing a single seed almost as large as the follicle.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Zanthoxylum'' was first formally described in 1753 by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

in the first volume of ''

Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the ...

''. The generic name is derived from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

words (''xanthos''), meaning "yellow," and (''xylon''), meaning "wood." It is technically misspelled, as the ''z'' should be ''x'', but botanical nomenclature does not allow for spelling corrections. It refers to a yellow dye made from the roots of some species. The first species that Linnaeus described was ''Zanthoxylum trifoliatum'', now regarded as a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

of '' Eleutherococcus trifoliatus''. The once separate genus ''Fagara'' is now included in ''Zanthoxylum''.

Fossil record

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

seeds of †''Zanthoxylum kristinae'' from the early

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...

, have been found in the Kristina Mine at

Hrádek nad Nisou Hrádek nad Nisou (; german: Grottau, pl, Gródek nad Nysą) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,700 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument ...

North Bohemia North Bohemia ( cs, Severní Čechy, german: Nordböhmen) is a region in the north of the Czech Republic. Location North Bohemia roughly covers the present-day NUTS regional unit of ''CZ04 Severozápad'' and the western part of ''CZ05 Severovýc ...

, the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

Uses

Many ''Zanthoxylum'' species make excellent

bonsai Bonsai ( ja, 盆栽, , tray planting, ) is the Japanese art of growing and training miniature trees in pots, developed from the traditional Chinese art form of ''penjing''. Unlike ''penjing'', which utilizes traditional techniques to produce ...

and in temperate climates they can be grown quite well indoors. '' Zanthoxylum beecheyanum'' and ''

Zanthoxylum piperitum ''Zanthoxylum piperitum'', also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea. It is called sanshō () in Japan and chopi () ...

'' are two species commonly grown as

.Wilbur, C. Keith, MD. ''Revolutionary Medicine 1700-1800''. The Globe Pequot Press. Page 23. 1980.

Culinary use

Spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish. Spices a ...

s are made from a number of species in this genus, including: * '' Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'' -

Andaliman ''Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'', or andaliman, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southern western China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan), Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and northeastern I ...

* ''

Zanthoxylum armatum ''Zanthoxylum armatum'', also called winged prickly ash or rattan pepper in English, is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is an aromatic, deciduous, spiny shrub growing to in height, endemic from Pakistan across to Southeast Asia and ...

'' - Sichuan pepper * ''

Zanthoxylum bungeanum ''Zanthoxylum bungeanum '' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is one of the sources of the spice Sichuan pepper. The plant is native to North-Central China, South-Central China, Southeast China, East Himalayas The Himalayas ...

'' - Sichuan pepper * ''

'' - Sansho,

Chopi Chopi may refer to: * Chopi people, an ethnic group of Mozambique * Chopi language, a Bantu language spoken along the southern coast of Mozambique * Chopi blackbird (''Gnorimopsar chopi''), a bird of family Icteridae * A spice made from ''Zanthoxylu ...

* ''

Zanthoxylum nitidum ''Zanthoxylum nitidum'', commonly known as shiny-leaf prickly-ash, tez-mui (in Assamese) or liang mian zhen (in China), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. It is a woody climber with prickles on the branchlets, thick, cone- ...

'' * ''

Zanthoxylum rhetsa ''Zanthoxylum rhetsa'', commonly known as Indian prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and occurs from India east to the Philippines and south to northern Australia. It is a deciduous shrub or tree with cone-shaped s ...

'' - teppal, tirphal * ''

Zanthoxylum schinifolium ''Zanthoxylum schinifolium'', also called mastic-leaf prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue

'' -

Sancho The name Sancho is an Iberian name of Basque origin (Santxo, Santzo, Santso, Antzo, Sans). Sancho stems from the Latin name Sanctius.Eichler, Ernst; Hilty, Gerold; Löffler, Heinrich; Steger, Hugo; Zgusta, Ladislav: ''Namenforschung/Name Studies/ ...

* ''

Zanthoxylum simulans ''Zanthoxylum simulans'', the Chinese-pepper, Chinese prickly-ash or flatspine prickly-ash, is a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native to eastern China and Taiwan. It is one of several species of ''Zanthoxylum'' from which Sichuan peppe ...

'' - Sichuan pepper

Andaliman

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

North Sumatra North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java and ...

province, '' Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'' is harvested for ''andaliman''. In Indonesian Batak cuisine, ''

andaliman ''Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'', or andaliman, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southern western China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan), Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and northeastern I ...

'' is ground and mixed with chilies and seasonings into a green

sambal Sambal is an Indonesian chilli sauce or paste, typically made from a mixture of a variety of chilli peppers with secondary ingredients, such as shrimp paste, garlic, ginger, shallot, scallion, palm sugar, and lime juice. ''Sambal'' is an Indo ...

or chili paste.

Arsik Arsik is an Indonesian spicy fish dish of the Batak Toba and Mandailing people of North Sumatra, usually using the common carp (known in Indonesia as ''ikan mas'' or gold fish). Distinctively Batak elements of the dish are the use of torch ...

is a typical Indonesian dish containing ''andaliman''.

Chopi and sansho

'' is harvested in Japan and Korea to produce '' sanshō'' () or ''

chopi Chopi may refer to: * Chopi people, an ethnic group of Mozambique * Chopi language, a Bantu language spoken along the southern coast of Mozambique * Chopi blackbird (''Gnorimopsar chopi''), a bird of family Icteridae * A spice made from ''Zanthoxylu ...

'' (), which has numbing properties similar to those of Chinese Sichuan peppercorns.

Sancho

The Korean ''

'' () is made from (''

Zanthoxylum schinifolium ''Zanthoxylum schinifolium'', also called mastic-leaf prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue

''), which is slightly less bitter than ''chopi''. In

Korean cuisine Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in Korea and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine reflects a complex interaction of the natural envi ...

, ''sancho'' is often used to accompany fish soups such as ''

chueo-tang ''Chueo-tang'' () or loach soup is a ''tang'' (soup) made from pond loach, a freshwater fish. * The southwestern Korean city of Namwon is known for its version of the dish. Etymology ''Chueo'' () is a nickname for pond loach, called ''mikkur ...

''.

Sichuan pepper

The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

Xanthoxylum species is used to make Sichuan pepper by grinding the husks that surround the berries.

Triphal and teppal

In the states of

Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

, and

Goa Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the ...

in Western

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, the dried berries of ''

'' are known as teppal or tirphal in

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people *Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece See also * * ...

are added to foods such as legumes and fish. The name in both languages means three fruits or three pods. Because the trees bear fruit during the

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...

season, the berries are associated with the concurrent

Krishna Janmashtami Krishna Janmashtami , also known simply as Krishnashtami, Janmashtami, or Gokulashtami, is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. According to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, it is observed ...

festival. The fresh fruits are parrot green in color and are used as a flavouring agent in many curries made with a paste of coconut, chilis, and other spices. When dried, the flesh of the fruit hardens, turns a brownish black color and opens up to show the black seeds within. The seeds are discarded and the dried fruit is stored in containers for use around the year. Mostly used in fish preparations and a few vegetarian dishes, with coconut masala, this spice has a very strong woody aroma and is discarded at the time of eating the curry.

Chemistry

Plants in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' contain the lignan

sesamin Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of ''Fagara'' plants and from sesame oil. It has been used as a dietary fat-reduction supplement. Its major metabolite is enterolactone, which has an elimination half life of less than 6 hours. Sesamin an ...

. Species identified in Nigeria contains several types of alkaloids including benzophenanthridines (

nitidine Nitidine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in species of the genus ''Zanthoxylum '', notably in ''Zanthoxylum nitidum ''Zanthoxylum nitidum'', commonly known as shiny-leaf prickly-ash, tez-mui (in Assamese) or liang mian zhen (in China) ...

, dihydronitidine, oxynitidine, fagaronine, dihydro

avicine Avicine, tested and developed by AVI BioPharma, and also known as CTP-37 was trialled as a possible cancer vaccine to treat a number of different cancers. These included colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. The treatment was tr ...

chelerythrine Chelerythrine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid present in the plant ''Chelidonium majus'' (greater celandine). It is a potent, selective, and cell-permeable protein kinase C inhibitor ''in vitro''. And an efficacious antagonist of G-protein-cou ...

, dihydrochelerythrine, methoxychelerythrine, norchelerythrine, oxychelerythrine, decarine and fagaridine), furoquinolines ( dictamine, 8-methoxydictamine,

skimmianine Skimmianine is a furoquinoline alkaloid found in ''Skimmia japonica'', a flowering plant in family Rutaceae that is native to Japan and China. It is also a strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Biosynthesis The biosynthesis of skimmian ...

, 3-dimethylallyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone),

carbazole Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is based on the indole str ...

s (3-methoxycarbazole, glycozoline),

aporphine Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula . The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) name of aporphine is ''6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo e,guinoline.'' It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine ...

s (

berberine Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as ''Berberis vulgaris'' (barberry), ''Berberis aristata'' (tree turmeric), ''Mahonia aquifolium'' (Oregon grape), ''Hydra ...

, tembetarine,

magnoflorine ''(S)-''Magnoflorine is a quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) of the aporphine structural subgroup which has been isolated from various species of the family Menispermaceae, such as ''Pachygone ovata,'' '' Sinomenium acutum,'' and ''Cissa ...

, M-methyl- corydine), canthinones (6-canthinone),

acridone Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton, with a carbonyl group at the ''9'' position. It is a yellow solid. Synthesis and structure The molecule is planar. Optical spectra reveal that the keto tautomer predominates in the ga ...

s (1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridon-9-one, 1-hydroxy-10-methylacridon-9-one, zanthozolin), and aromatic and aliphatic amides.The Nigerian Zanthoxylum; Chemical and biological values. S. K. Adesina, Afr. J. Trad. CAM, 2005, volume 2, issue 3, pages 282-301
article
) Hydroxy-alpha sanshool is a bioactive component of plants from the genus ''Zanthoxylum'', including the Sichuan pepper.

Ecology

''Zanthoxylum'' species are used as food plants by the

larvae A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species including the engrailed (''Ectropis crepuscularia'').

Species list

The following is a list of species accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

as of August 2020: * '' Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'' D.R.Simpson (southern Asia) * '' Zanthoxylum aculeatissimum'' Engl. (Bolivia) * ''

Zanthoxylum acuminatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genu ...

'' Sw. (Cuba, Jamaica) * ''

Zanthoxylum ailanthoides ''Zanthoxylum ailanthoides'', also called ailanthus-like prickly ash, (, lit. " Ailanthus-leaved pepper",; the name is obviously adaptation of latin ailanthoides "ailanthus-like" , lit. " Yue pepper",, p.503 食茱萸 ''shi zhu yu'',, 「澳名� ...

'' Siebold & Zucc. – ailanthus-like prickly ash * '' Zanthoxylum albiflorum'' Baker f. (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum albuquerquei'' D.C. (Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum amamiense''

Ohwi was Japanese Botany, botanist. He was a distinguished member of the Faculty of Science of Kyoto University, Kyoto Imperial University. He is perhaps best known for his 1953 . Species named after Ohwi * (Cyperaceae) ''Carex ohwii'' Genkei Masamu ...

(

Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum amapaense'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterm. (Brazil, Venezuela) * ''

Zanthoxylum americanum ''Zanthoxylum americanum'', the common prickly-ash, common pricklyash, common prickly ash or northern prickly-ash (also sometimes called toothache tree, yellow wood, or suterberry), is an aromatic shrub or small tree native to central and easter ...

Mill. Philip Miller FRS (1691 – 18 December 1771) was an English botanist and gardener of Scottish descent. Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden for nearly 50 years from 1722, and wrote the highly popular '' The Gardeners Dict ...

– northern prickly ash, prickly ash, toothache tree (Canada, United States) * '' Zanthoxylum anadenium'' (

Urb. Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban s ...

& Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum andamanicum'' Kurz (

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum andinum'' Reynel (Ecuador) * ''

Zanthoxylum anison ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' L.O.Williams (Guatemala) * ''

Zanthoxylum anthyllidifolium ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genu ...

Guillaumin Guillaumin is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Armand Guillaumin (1842–1927), French impressionist painter and lithographer *André Guillaumin (1885–1974), French botanist *Colette Guillaumin Colette Guillaumin (28 ...

(Vietnam) * ''

Zanthoxylum apiculatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' ( Sandwith) P.G.Waterman (South America) * '' Zanthoxylum arborescens''

Rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

(Mexico, Nicaragua) * ''

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

– winged prickly ash (Indian subcontinent to temperate east Asia and Malesia) * '' Zanthoxylum atchoum'' ( Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman (

Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum austrosinense'' C.C.Huang (southern China) * ''

Zanthoxylum avicennae ''Zanthoxylum avicennae'' is a woody plant in the family Rutaceae. Description ''Z. avicennae'' is a deciduous tree that reaches 15 meters high. The trunk has chicken-foot-like thorns, the thorn base is oblate and thickened, shaped like a bulge, ...

'' ( Lam.) DC. (southern China to western and central Malesia) * '' Zanthoxylum backeri'' (

Bakh.f. Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. (11 September 1911, Panjinangan, Sukabumi Regency, Java – 1 May 1987, Leiden) was a Dutch botanist. He was the son of Djahini of Tjiampea and Dutch botanist Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brin ...

)

T.G.Hartley Thomas Gordon Hartley (9 January 1931 in Beaumont, Texas – 8 March 2016 in Canberra, Australia) was an American botanist. Biography In 1955 Hartley graduated in botany with the academic degree Bachelor of Science at the University of Wisconsin- ...

* '' Zanthoxylum beechyanum''

K.Koch Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (6 June 1809 – 25 May 1879) was a German botanist. He is best known for his botanical explorations in the Caucasus region, including northeast Turkey. Most of his collections have today been lost. He is also known as t ...

(Bonin Islands, Ryukya Islands) * '' Zanthoxylum bifoliolatum''

Leonard Leonard or ''Leo'' is a common English language, English masculine given name and a surname. The given name and surname originate from the Old High German ''Leonhard'' containing the prefix ''levon'' ("lion") from the Greek wikiwikiweb:Λέων, � ...

– Maricao prickly ash (Hispaniola to Puerto Rico) * '' Zanthoxylum bissei'' Beurton (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum bonifaziae'' Cornejo & Reynel (Ecuador) * ''

Zanthoxylum bouetense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' (

Pierre Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...

ex Letouzey) P.G.Waterman (Congo, Gabon) * ''

Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum ''Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum'', known as thorny yellow-wood, satinwood, satin tree or scrub mulga, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a rainforest shrub or tree with thick, cone ...

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victo ...

– thorny yellowwood (New South Wales, Queensland) * ''

Zanthoxylum brisasanum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' ( Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to Peru) * ''

Zanthoxylum buesgenii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' ( Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Nigeria to west central tropical Africa) * ''

Maxim. Carl Johann Maximovich (also Karl Ivanovich Maximovich, Russian: Карл Иванович Максимович; 23 November 1827 in Tula, Russia – 16 February 1891 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian botanist. Maximovich spent most of his lif ...

– Chinese pepper, Sichuan pepper, Szechuan pepper (Himalaya to China) * '' Zanthoxylum burkillianum'' Babu * '' Zanthoxylum calcicola'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum campicola'' Reynel (Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum canalense'' (Guillaumin) P.G.Waterman * ''

Zanthoxylum capense ''Zanthoxylum capense'', the small knobwood, is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It occurs in the eastern regions of southern Africa, from the vicinity of Knysna, Western Cape The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situat ...

'' (

Thunb. Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Sweden, Swedish Natural history, naturalist and an Apostles of Linnaeus, "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus ...

) Harv. (southern Africa) * ''

Zanthoxylum caribaeum ''Zanthoxylum caribaeum'' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered t ...

'' Lam. – yellow prickly ash (Mexico to tropical America) * '' Zanthoxylum caudatum'' Alston (Sri Lanka) * '' Zanthoxylum celebicum'' Koord. (Sulawesi) * '' Zanthoxylum chalybeum'' Engl. (

Belize Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wate ...

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum chevalieri'' P.G.Waterman (western tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum chuquisaquense'' Reynel (Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum ciliatum'' Engl. (Mexico to northern Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum claessensii'' ( De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (west central tropical Africa) * ''

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis ''Zanthoxylum clava-herculis'', the Hercules' club, Hercules-club, pepperwood, or southern prickly ash, is a spiny tree or shrub native to the southeastern United States. It grows to 10–17 m tall and has distinctive spined thick, corky lumps 2� ...

'' L. – Hercules' club, pepperbark, southern prickly ash, West Indian yellowwood (central and southeastern United States to eastern Mexico) * '' Zanthoxylum coco'' Gillies ex

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of ...

f. &

Arn. George Arnott Walker Arnott of Arlary (6 February 1799 – 17 April 1868) was a Scottish botanist. Early life George Arnott Walker Arnott was born in Edinburgh in 1799, the son of David Walker Arnott of Arlary. He attended Milnathort Parish ...

– coco, cochucho, smelly sauco (

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum collinsiae'' Craib (China to Indochina) * ''

Zanthoxylum comosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genu ...

'' (Theodor Carl Julius Herzog, Herzog) P.G.Waterman (central Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum compactum'' (

Huber Huber is a German-language surname. It derives from the German word ''Hube'' meaning hide, a unit of land a farmer might possess, granting them the status of a free tenant. It is in the top ten most common surnames in the German-speaking world, ...

ex Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Venezuela to western South America) * ''

Zanthoxylum conspersipunctatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

Merr. Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through ...

Perry Perry, also known as pear cider, is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally the perry pear. It has been common for centuries in England, particularly in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire. It is also made ...

(New Guinea) * '' Zanthoxylum cucullatipetalum'' Guillaumin (Vietnam) * ''

Zanthoxylum davyi ''Zanthoxylum davyi'', the forest knobwood, is a dioecious species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is native to the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa, western Eswatini and eastern Zim ...

'' ( I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman – forest knobwood (Zimbabwe to South Africa) * ''

Zanthoxylum decaryi ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * ''

Zanthoxylum delagoense ''Zanthoxylum delagoense'' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a countr ...

'' P.G.Waterman (southern Mozambique) * '' Zanthoxylum deremense'' (Engl.) Kokwaro (

Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...

, Tanzania) * ''Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum'' Hemsl. (southern China to Indochina, Taiwan) * ''Zanthoxylum dinklagei'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Nigeria to western central tropical Africa) * ''Zanthoxylum dipetalum'' H.Mann – Kāwau (Hawaii) * ''Zanthoxylum dissitum'' Hemsl. (central and southern China to Hainan) * ''Zanthoxylum diversifolium'' Warb. (New Guinea) * ''Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum domingense'' ( Karl (Carl) Wilhelm Leopold Krug, Krug & Urb.) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * ''Zanthoxylum dumosum'' A.Rich. (Cuba) * ''Zanthoxylum echinocarpum'' Hemsl. (southern China) * ''Zanthoxylum ekmanii'' (Urb.) Alain (southern Mexico to southern tropical America, western Cuba) * ''Zanthoxylum eliasii'' Duncan MacNair Porter, D.M.Porter (Panama to Peru) * ''Zanthoxylum engleri'' Waterm. * ''Zanthoxylum esquirolii'' Augustin Abel Hector Léveillé, H.Lév. (southern central China) * ''Zanthoxylum fagara'' (L.) Charles Sprague Sargent, Sarg. – Lime prickly ash (tropical and subtropical America) * ''Zanthoxylum fauriei'' (Takenoshin Nakai, Nakai) Jisaburo Ohwi, Ohwi – lesser ailanthus-like prickly ash (South Korea, Japan) * ''Zanthoxylum finlaysonianum'' Nathaniel Wallich, Wall. (Thailand) * ''Zanthoxylum flavum'' Martin Vahl, Vahl – West Indian satinwood (Caribbean) * ''Zanthoxylum foliolosum'' Donn.Sm. (Mexico to Nicaragua) * ''Zanthoxylum forbesii'' T.G.Hartley (Sumatra) * ''Zanthoxylum formiciferum'' ( Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to northern Peru) * ''Zanthoxylum gardneri'' Engl. (Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum gentryi'' Reynel (western Colombia) * ''Zanthoxylum ghisbreghtii'' Turcz. (Gulf of Mexico) * ''Zanthoxylum gillespieanum'' (A.C.Sm) A.C.Sm. (Fiji) * ''Zanthoxylum gilletii'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (tropical Africa) * ''Zanthoxylum glomeratum'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum grandifolium'' Tul. (Colombia) * ''Zanthoxylum haitiense'' (Urb.) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * ''Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum'' José Rubens Pirani, Pirani (north-eastern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum harrisii'' Percy Wilson (botanist), P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''Zanthoxylum hartii'' [(Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''Zanthoxylum hawaiiense'' William Hillebrand, Hillebr. – a'e, Hawai'i prickly ash (Hawaii) * ''Zanthoxylum heitzii'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) P.G.Waterm. (west central tropical Africa * ''Zanthoxylum heterophyllum'' ( Lam.) Sm. (Mascarenes) * ''Zanthoxylum holtzianum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Somalia to northern Mozambique) * ''Zanthoxylum huberi'' P.G.Waterman (South America) * ''Zanthoxylum humile'' (Eileen Adelaide Bruce, E.A.Bruce P.G.Waterman (Zimbabwe to Mozambique and Mpumalanga) * ''Zanthoxylum impressinervium'' Reynel (Colombia) * ''Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum'' Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer, Elmer (Taiwan to the Philippines) * ''Zanthoxylum iwahigense'' Reynel (the Philippines) * ''Zanthoxylum jamaicense'' P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''Zanthoxylum juniperinum'' Poepp. (Central America) * ''Zanthoxylum kauaense'' Asa Gray, A.Gray – Kauai prickly ash (Hawaii) * ''Zanthoxylum khasianum''

(Assam to China (W. Yunnan)) * ''Zanthoxylum kleinii'' (R.S.Cowan) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum kwangsiense'' (Hand.-Mazz.) Woon Young Chun, Chun ex C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum laetum'' Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake (China to Vietnam) * ''Zanthoxylum laurentii'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (Congo to Democratic Republic of Congo) * ''Zanthoxylum leiboicum'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum lemairei'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (western tropical Africa to Uganda) * ''Zanthoxylum lenticellosum'' (Urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Dominican Republic) * ''Zanthoxylum lenticulare'' Reynel (Colombia to Venezuela) * ''Zanthoxylum lepidopteriphilum'' Reynel (Ecuador to Peru, north-west Venezuela) * ''Zanthoxylum leprieurii'' Guill. & Perr. (tropical and southern Africa) * ''Zanthoxylum leratii'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * ''Zanthoxylum liboense'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum limoncello'' Planch. & Oerst. (Mexico to Colombia) * ''Zanthoxylum lindense'' (Engl.) Kokwaro (Tanzania) * ''Zanthoxylum macranthum'' (Hand.-Mazz.) C.C. Huang (south-east Tibet to southern China) * ''Zanthoxylum madagascariense'' John Gilbert Baker, Baker (Madagascar) * ''Zanthoxylum magnifasciculatum'' Reynel (Venezuela) * ''Zanthoxylum mananarense'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * ''Zanthoxylum mantaro'' (J.F.Macbr.) J.F.Macbr. (Peru) * ''Zanthoxylum maranionense'' Reynel (Peru) * ''Zanthoxylum martinicense'' ( Lam.) DC. – white prickly ash * ''Zanthoxylum mayu'' Carlo Luigi Giuseppe Bertero, Bertero (Juan Fernández Islands) * ''Zanthoxylum megistophyllum'' (B.L.Burtt) T.G.Hartley (Solomon Islands) * ''Zanthoxylum melanostictum'' Schltdl. & Cham. (Mexico to north-west Venezuela and Peru) * ''Zanthoxylum mezoneurispinosum'' ( Aké Assi) William D. Hawthorne, W.D.Hawth. (Liberia to Ivory Coast) * ''Zanthoxylum micranthum'' Hemsl. (China) * ''Zanthoxylum mildbraedii'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (east central tropical Africa to south-west Kenya * ''Zanthoxylum minahassae'' Koord. (Sulawesi) * ''Zanthoxylum molle'' Alfred Rehder, Rehder (China) * ''Zanthoxylum mollissimum'' (Engl.) P.Wilson (Mexico to Colombia) * ''Zanthoxylum monogynum'' Augustin Saint-Hilaire, A.St.-Hil. (eastern Bolivia to Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum motuoense'' C.C.Huang * ''Zanthoxylum multijugum'' Franch. (China) * ''Zanthoxylum myriacanthum'' Wall. ex Hook.f. (eastern Himalaya to southern China and western and central Malesia) * ''Zanthoxylum myrianthum'' (A.C.Sm.) P.G.Waterman (Fiji) * ''Zanthoxylum nadeaudii'' Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake (French Polynesia) * ''Zanthoxylum nashii'' P.Wilson (Cuba to Hispaniola) * ''Zanthoxylum nebuletorum'' (Herzog) P.G.Waterman (Bolivia) * ''Zanthoxylum nemorale'' Mart. (eastern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum neocaledonicum'' Baker f. (New Caledonia) * ''Zanthoxylum nigrum'' Mart. (Brazil) * ''

'' (Roxb.) DC. – shiny-leaf prickly ash (tropical and subtropical Asia, Queensland) * ''Zanthoxylum novoguineense'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea) * ''Zanthoxylum oahuense'' Hillebr. – Oahu prickly ash (Hawaii) * ''Zanthoxylum ovalifolium'' Robert Wight, Wight (Andaman Island, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Queensland) * ''Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum'' (Engl.) Finkelstein (Angola to north-west Namibia) * ''Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum'' Edgew. (Nepal to China and Myanmar) * ''Zanthoxylum panamense'' P.Wilson (Mexico to Central America) * ''Zanthoxylum pancheri'' P.S.Green (New Caledonia) * ''Zanthoxylum paniculatum'' Balf.f. (Rodrigues in Mauritius) * ''Zanthoxylum paracanthum'' (Mildbr.) Kokwaro (south-east Kenya to central Tanzania) * ''Zanthoxylum paulae'' (Albuq.) P.G. Waterman (Guianas to northern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum pentandrum'' (Aubl.) Richard Alden Howard, R.A.Howard (Trinidad to northern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum petenense'' Cyrus Longworth Lundell, Lundell (Mexico to Guatemala) * ''Zanthoxylum petiolare'' A.St.-Hil. & Tul. (Bolivia to Brazil and northern Argentina) * ''Zanthoxylum piasezkii'' Maxim. (China) * ''Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (Democratic Republic of Congo to Angola) * ''Zanthoxylum pilosulum'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson (south-central China) * ''Zanthoxylum pimpinelloides'' ( Lam.) DC. (Cuba to Hispaniola) * ''Zanthoxylum pinnatum'' (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv. (Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, south-west Pacific.) * ''

'' (L.) DC. (China to South Korea, Japan) * ''Zanthoxylum phyllopterum'' (Griseb.) Wright (Cuba) * ''Zanthoxylum piasezkii'' Maxim. * ''Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterm. * ''Zanthoxylum pilosulum'' Rehder & E.H. Wilson * ''Zanthoxylum pimpinelloides'' ( Lam.) DC. * ''Zanthoxylum pinnatum'' Druce * ''

'' (L.) DC. – Japanese pepper, chopi, Korean pepper (China, Japan, Korea) * ''Zanthoxylum pluviatile'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea and Solomon Islands) * ''Zanthoxylum poggei'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (western central tropical Africa) * ''Zanthoxylum psammophilum'' (Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman (Ivory Coast) * ''Zanthoxylum pseudoxyphyllum'' Babu (Ivory Coast) * ''Zanthoxylum pteracanthum'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson (China) * ''Zanthoxylum pucro'' D.M Porter (Panama to north-west Colombia) * ''Zanthoxylum punctatum'' Vahl – dotted prickly ash (Caribbean) * ''Zanthoxylum quassiifolium'' (Donn.Sm.) Standl. & Steyerm. (Mexico to Guatemala.) * ''Zanthoxylum quinduense'' Tul. (western South America to north-west Venezuela) * ''Zanthoxylum renieri'' (G.C.C.Gilbert) P.G.Waterman (Democratic Republic of Congo to Uganda) * ''Zanthoxylum retroflexum'' T.G.Hartley (Sumatra) * ''Zanthoxylum retusum'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * ''

'' (Roxb.) DC. – Cape yellowwood, Indian ivy-rue, Indian pepper (tropical Asia, Queensland) * ''Zanthoxylum rhodoxylum'' (Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''Zanthoxylum rhoifolium'' Lam. (tropical and subtropical America) * ''Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum riedelianum'' Engl. (Brazil to north-east Argentina) * ''Zanthoxylum rigidum'' Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (western South America to Paraguay) * ''Zanthoxylum rubescens'' Planch. ex Hook. (western tropical Africa to south-west Kenya and Angola) * ''Zanthoxylum sapindifolium'' Wall. (Myanmar) * ''Zanthoxylum sarasinii'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * ''Zanthoxylum scandens'' Blume (southern China to Nansei-shoto and western Malesia) * ''

Zanthoxylum schinifolium ''Zanthoxylum schinifolium'', also called mastic-leaf prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue

'' Philipp Franz von SieboldSiebold & Zucc. – mastic-leaf prickly ash, Sichuan pepper (central and eastern China to temperate eastern Asia) * ''Zanthoxylum schlechteri'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * ''Zanthoxylum schreberi'' (J.F.Gmel.) Reynel ex C.Nelson (Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia, Caribbean) * ''Zanthoxylum setulosum'' P.Wilson (Costa Rica to north-west Venezuela) * ''

'' Henry Fletcher Hance, Hance (China, South Korea, Taiwan) * ''Zanthoxylum spinosum'' (Sw.) Sw. (Florida to Caribbean) * ''Zanthoxylum spondiifolium'' Wall. (Myanmar) * ''Zanthoxylum sprucei'' Engl. (Ecuador to Peru and western Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum stelligerum'' Turcz. (central and eastern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum stenophyllum'' Hemsl. (central and eastern central China) * ''Zanthoxylum subspicatum'' H. Perrier (Madagascar) * ''Zanthoxylum syncarpum'' (Tul.) Tul. ex Benjamin Daydon Jackson, B.D.Jacks. (Venezuela, eastern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum taediosum'' A.Rich. (Cuba) * ''Zanthoxylum tahitense'' (Nadeaud) Jacques Florence, J.Florence & Nicolas Hallé, N.Hallé (Society Islands) * ''Zanthoxylum tambopatense'' Reynel (Peru) * ''Zanthoxylum tetraphyllum'' (urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * ''Zanthoxylum tetraspermum'' Wight &

(southern India, Sri Lanka) * ''Zanthoxylum thomense'' (Engl.) A.Chev. ex P.G.Waterman (Gabon and Gulf of Guinea Island) * ''Zanthoxylum thornycroftii'' (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman (Limpopo to Mpumalanga) * ''Zanthoxylum thouventii'' H.Perrier (Madagascar]) * ''Zanthoxylum tidorense'' Miq. (Maluku Islands) * ''Zanthoxylum timoriense'' Span. (Lesser Sunda Islands) * ''Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba'' A.St.-Hil. (eastern and southern Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum tomentellum'' Hook.f. (Nepal to China and Myanmar) * ''Zanthoxylum tragodes'' (L.) DC. – Niaragato (Caribbean) * ''Zanthoxylum trijugum'' (Harvey Lawrence Dunkley, Dunkley) P.G.Waterman (central Tanzania to Zambia) * ''Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * ''Zanthoxylum undulatifolium'' Hemsl. (China) * ''Zanthoxylum unifoliatum'' Milton Groppo, Groppo & Pirani (Brazil) * ''Zanthoxylum usambarense'' (Engl.) Kokwara (Ethiopia to Rwanda) * ''Zanthoxylum usitatum'' Pierre ex Laness. (Vietnam) * ''Zanthoxylum venosum'' Leonard (Hispaniola) * ''Zanthoxylum verrucosum'' (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to Ecuador) * ''Zanthoxylum vinkii'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea) * ''Zanthoxylum viride'' (A.Chev.) T.G.Hartley (west tropical Africa to Congo) * ''Zanthoxylum vitiense'' A.C.Sm. (Fiji) * ''Zanthoxylum wutaiense'' Ih Sheng Chen, I.S.Chen (Taiwan) * ''Zanthoxylum xichouense'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum yakumontanum'' (Junichi Sugimoto, Sugim.) Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Nagam. (Japan) * ''Zanthoxylum yuanjiangensis'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides'' ( Lam.) Bernhard Zepernick, Zepern. & Friedrich Karl Timler, Timler – Senegal prickly ash (western tropical Africa)

Doubtful species

The genus ''Fagara'' has been sunk into ''Zanthoxylum'', but , no name seemed to have been provided for the former ''Fagara externa'', which was regarded as an unplaced name by

References

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External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q147050 Zanthoxylum, Peppers Zanthoxyloideae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Dioecious plants