Elephas maximus zoo hamburg asian elephant

The wildlife of

Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...

is very diverse with at least 162

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

species, 600

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

species, 176

reptile Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates (lizards and snakes) and rhynchocephalians ( ...

species (including 89 subspecies), 900 freshwater

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

species, 670

invertebrate Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

species, and more than 3000 plant species. A single protected area,

Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary ( Khmer: ដែនជម្រកសត្វព្រៃកែវសីមា) is a protected area of mixed seasonal tropical forest in eastern Cambodia, located in Mondulkiri and Kratié provinces. The area was f ...

, is known to support more than 950 total species, including 75 species that are listed as globally threatened on the

IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...

. An unknown amount of species remains to be described by science, especially the

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs ...

group of butterflies and moths, collectively known as

lepidopterans Lepidoptera ( ) is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies, 10 percent of the total described specie ...

.REPORT 4 Fauna and flora diversity studies in Botum Sakor National Park, Cambodia April 2005 – September 2009
Frontier Cambodia, January 2010. Society for Environmental Exploration 2010. Many species in Cambodia, including several

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

ones, are recognized by the

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

World Conservation Union The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

as threatened, endangered, or critically endangered due to

deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...

and

habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

, poaching, the illegal

wildlife trade Wildlife trade refers to the of products that are derived from non-domesticated animals or plants usually extracted from their natural environment or raised under controlled conditions. It can involve the trade of living or dead individuals, ti ...

, and farming, fishing, and forestry concessions. Intensive poaching may have already driven Cambodia's national animal, the

kouprey The kouprey (''Bos sauveli''), also known as forest ox is a forest-dwelling, wild bovine species native to Southeast Asia. A young male was sent to the Paris Zoological Park in 1937 and was described by the French zoologist Achille Urbain who d ...

, to extinction, wild tigers to

extirpation Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...

, and Eld's deer, wild water buffaloes and hog deer are at critically low numbers. Wildlife in Cambodia includes dholes, elephants, deer (sambar, Eld's deer, hog deer and

muntjac Muntjacs ( ), also known as the barking deer or rib-faced deer, (URL is Google Books) are small deer of the genus ''Muntiacus'' native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Muntjacs are thought to have begun appearing 15–35 million years ago, ...

), wild oxen (

banteng The banteng (''Bos javanicus''; ), also known as tembadau, is a species of cattle found in Southeast Asia. The head-and-body length is between . Wild banteng are typically larger and heavier than their domesticated counterparts, but are otherw ...

and gaur), panthers, bears, and tigers. Cormorants, cranes, ibises, parrots, green peafowl, pheasants, and wild ducks are also found, and species of venomous snakes and constrictors are numerous.

Deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...

, mining activities, and unregulated hunting, have diminished the country's wildlife diversity rapidly. Cambodia also has many endangered species, including Asian elephant, Siamese crocodile, wild water buffalo, and the Germain's silver langur. Much work is being done in this area to help conserve and protect Cambodia's unique wildlife. Wildlife

conservation organizations An environmental organization is an organization coming out of the conservation or environmental movements that seeks to protect, analyse or monitor the environment against misuse or degradation from human forces. In this sense the environment ...

operating in Cambodia include

Conservation International Conservation International (CI) is an American nonprofit environmental organization headquartered in Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia. CI's work focuses on science, policy and partnership with businesses, governments and communities. The organ ...

World Wildlife Fund The World Wide Fund for Nature Inc. (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. It was formerly named the Wo ...

, the Wildlife Conservation Society,

Fauna and Flora International Fauna & Flora International (FFI) is an international conservation charity and non-governmental organization dedicated to protecting the planet's threatened wildlife and habitats. Founded in 1903, it is the world's oldest international conserva ...

BirdLife International BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds and their habitats. BirdLife International's priorities include preventing extinction of bird species, identifying and safeguarding ...

Wildlife Alliance Wildlife Alliance is an international non-profit forest and wildlife conservation organization with current programs in Cambodia. It is headquartered in New York City, with offices in Phnom Penh. The logo of the organization is the Asian elephant ...

, and many others. On 20 December 2016, 163 new animal species were reported in Southeast Asia including one known as the Klingon newt for its resemblance to a

Klingon The Klingons ( ; Klingon: ''tlhIngan'' ) are a fictional species in the science fiction franchise ''Star Trek''. Developed by screenwriter Gene L. Coon in 1967 for the original ''Star Trek'' (''TOS'') series, Klingons were swarthy humanoids c ...

from ''

Star Trek ''Star Trek'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Gene Roddenberry, which began with the eponymous 1960s television series and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon. The franchise has expanded into vari ...

''.

Fauna

Some animals native to Cambodia:

Mammals

Asian black bear The Asian black bear (''Ursus thibetanus''), also known as the Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. It lives in the Himalayas, sout ...

Asian elephant The Asian elephant (''Elephas maximus''), also known as the Asiatic elephant, is the only living species of the genus ''Elephas'' and is distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India in the west, Nepal in the no ...

Asian golden cat The Asian golden cat (''Catopuma temminckii'') is a medium-sized wild cat native to the northeastern Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and China. It has been listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2008, and is threatened by poach ...

Banteng The banteng (''Bos javanicus''; ), also known as tembadau, is a species of cattle found in Southeast Asia. The head-and-body length is between . Wild banteng are typically larger and heavier than their domesticated counterparts, but are otherw ...

- endangered * Binturong - vulnerable *

Clouded leopard The clouded leopard (''Neofelis nebulosa''), also called the mainland clouded leopard, is a wild cat inhabiting dense forests from the foothills of the Himalayas through mainland Southeast Asia into South China. In the early 19th century, a cl ...

* Dhole * Douc langur * Eld's deer * Gaur - vulnerable * Hog badger - vulnerable * Hog deer * Indian muntjac * Irrawaddy dolphin *

Kouprey The kouprey (''Bos sauveli''), also known as forest ox is a forest-dwelling, wild bovine species native to Southeast Asia. A young male was sent to the Paris Zoological Park in 1937 and was described by the French zoologist Achille Urbain who d ...

- critically endangered *

Leopard cat The leopard cat (''Prionailurus bengalensis'') is a small wild cat native to continental South, Southeast, and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List as it is widely distributed although threatened by hab ...

Lesser false vampire bat The lesser false vampire bat (''Megaderma spasma'') is a bat found in South Asia and Southeast Asia from Sri Lanka and India in the west to Indonesia and the Philippines in the east. They live in caves and tree hollows. They are insectivorous. ...

* Marbled cat * Pileated gibbon - endangered * Rice-field rat *

Sambar deer The sambar (''Rusa unicolor'') is a large deer native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia that is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 2008. Populations have declined substantially due to severe hunting, local ins ...

* Serow * Silvery lutung * Sun bear *

Wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...

* Wild water buffalo - endangered

Reptiles

* Asiatic softshell turtle * '' Batagur baska'' * Bengal monitor *

Blood python ''Python brongersmai'' is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Pythonidae. The species is native to Southeast Asia. Common names Common names for ''P. brongersmai'' include blood python, Brongersma's short-tailed python, Malaysian blo ...

Burmese python The Burmese python (''Python bivittatus'') is one of the largest species of snakes. It is native to a large area of Southeast Asia and is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Until 2009, it was considered a subspecies of the Indian python ...

* Cantor's giant soft-shelled turtle *

Green sea turtle The green sea turtle (''Chelonia mydas''), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle, is a species of large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Chelonia''. Its range exten ...

Hawksbill turtle The hawksbill sea turtle (''Eretmochelys imbricata'') is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Eretmochelys''. The species has a global distribution, that is large ...

* ''

Indotestudo elongata The elongated tortoise (''Indotestudo elongata'') is a species of tortoise found in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. Description Shell considerably depressed, more than twice as long as deep, with flat vertebral region; anterior and post ...

'' *

Leatherback sea turtle The leatherback sea turtle (''Dermochelys coriacea''), sometimes called the lute turtle or leathery turtle or simply the luth, is the largest of all living turtles and the heaviest non-crocodilian reptile, reaching lengths of up to and weights ...

- vulnerable * '' Manouria emys'' * '' Pelochelys cantorii'' * ''

Ramphotyphlops braminus ''Indotyphlops braminus'', commonly known as the brahminy blind snake and other names, is a non-venomous blind snake species found mostly in Africa and Asia, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. They are completely fossori ...

'' *

Reticulated python The reticulated python (''Malayopython reticulatus'') is a python species native to South and Southeast Asia. It is the world's longest snake, and is among the three heaviest. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List because of its wi ...

Saltwater crocodile The saltwater crocodile (''Crocodylus porosus'') is a crocodilian native to saltwater habitats and brackish wetlands from India's east coast across Southeast Asia and the Sundaic region to northern Australia and Micronesia. It has been listed ...

Siamese crocodile The Siamese crocodile (''Crocodylus siamensis'') is a medium-sized freshwater crocodile native to Indonesia (Borneo and possibly Java), Brunei, East Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The species is critically endangered an ...

- critically endangered * Water monitor * Golden flying snake * Asian vine snake *

Long-nosed whip snake ''Ahaetulla nasuta'', also known as Sri Lankan green vine snake and long-nosed whip snake, is a venomous, slender green tree snake endemic to Sri Lanka. Distribution Due to longstanding confusion over the taxonomy of ''A. nasuta'', the specie ...

* Many-spotted cat snake * Mangrove snake * Dog-toothed cat snake * Green cat snake * Kukri snakes *

Radiated ratsnake ''Coelognathus radiatus'', commonly known as the radiated ratsnake, copperhead rat snake, or copper-headed trinket snake, is a nonvenomous species of colubrid snake. Temperament These snakes are usually defensive in nature which makes it hard ...

* White-lipped pit viper * Large-eyed pit viper * Mountain pit viper *

Malayan pit viper :''Common names: Malayan ground pit viper, Malayan pit viper, Malayan ground snake, Malayan moccasin. ''Calloselasma'' is a monotypic genus created for a venomous snake, venomous Crotalinae, pit viper species, ''C. rhodostoma'', which is Endemism ...

* Russell's viper *

Monocled cobra The monocled cobra (''Naja kaouthia''), also called monocellate cobra and Indian spitting cobra, is a venomous cobra species widespread across South and Southeast Asia and listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Taxonomy The scientific n ...

Indochinese spitting cobra The Indochinese spitting cobra (''Naja siamensis'') ( th, งูเห่า, pronounced: nguu hao) also called the Thai spitting cobra, Siamese spitting cobra, is a species of spitting cobra found in Southeast Asia. Description This is a medium ...

* King cobra - vulnerable *

Banded krait The banded krait (''Bungarus fasciatus'') is a species of elapid snake found on the Indian Subcontinent, in Southeast Asia, and in southern China. It is the largest species of krait, with a maximum length up to . Although the banded krait is ven ...

Malayan krait ''Bungarus candidus'', commonly known as the Malayan krait or blue krait, is a highly venomous species of snake. The blue krait is a member of the genus ''Bungarus'' and the family Elapidae. Description The Malayan krait may attain a total len ...

Red-headed krait The red-headed krait (''Bungarus flaviceps'') is a large venomous elapid snake with dramatic animal coloration, coloration. The red-headed krait can grow to a length of up to . It lives in lowland rain forest, including those on islands, but it i ...

* Red-tailed pipe snake * Sunbeam snake * Little file snake *

Elephant trunk snake The elephant trunk snake or the Javan file snake (''Acrochordus javanicus''), is a species of snake in the family Acrochordidae, a family which represents a group of primitive non-venomous aquatic snakes. Description The elephant trunk snake po ...

* Asian coral snakes *

Tentacled snake The tentacled snake or tentacle snake (''Erpeton tentaculatum'') is a rear-fanged aquatic snake native to Southeast Asia. It is the only species of the genus ''Erpeton''. The two tentacles on its snout are a unique feature among snakes. Descr ...

Sea snake Sea snakes, or coral reef snakes, are elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives. They belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae. Hydrophiinae also includes Australasian terrestrial snakes, wher ...

Sea krait Sea kraits are a genus of venomous elapid sea snakes (subfamily: Laticaudinae), ''Laticauda''. They are semiaquatic, and retain the wide ventral scales typical of terrestrial snakes for moving on land, but also have paddle-shaped tails for swimmi ...

Fish

Asian arowana The Asian arowana (''Scleropages formosus'') comprises several phenotypic varieties of freshwater fish distributed geographically across Southeast Asia. While most consider the different varieties to belong to a single species, work by Pouyaud ' ...

- * '' Barbus'' sp. * ''

Botia ''Botia'' (Indian loaches) is a genus of freshwater fish in the loach family (Botiidae). It was a large genus with about 20 species. In 2004 Maurice Kottelat proposed in his paper (along with the description of ''Botia kubotai'', see References b ...

'' sp. * ''

Channa ''Channa'' is a genus of predatory fish in the family Channidae, commonly known as snakeheads, native to freshwater habitats in Asia. This genus contains about 50 scientifically described species. The genus has a wide natural distribution extend ...

'' sp. ( snakehead fishes) * ''

Danio ''Danio'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae found in South and Southeast Asia, commonly kept in aquaria. They are generally characterised by a pattern of horizontal stripes, rows of spots or vertical bars. Some species ...

'' sp. * '' Labeo'' sp. *

Mekong freshwater stingray The Mekong freshwater stingray, ''Hemitrygon laosensis'', is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, restricted to the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers in Laos and Thailand; the occurrence in Chao Phraya is considered an introduction. Measu ...

Mekong giant catfish The Mekong giant catfish (''Pangasianodon gigas''; th, ปลาบึก, , ; km, ត្រីរាជ /''trəy riec''/; vi, cá tra dầu), is a large, threatened species of catfish (order Siluriformes) in the shark catfish family (Pang ...

- * '' Pangasius'' sp. (

catfishes Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, ...

) * '' Pangio'' sp. (

kuhli loach The kuhli loach (''Pangio kuhlii'') is a small eel-like freshwater fish belonging to the Loach (fish), loach Family (biology), family (Cobitidae). They originate from Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula. This snake-like creature is very slender an ...

) * '' Rasbora'' sp. * '' Trichogaster'' sp.

Birds

Molluscs

Insects

There are several species of insects in Cambodia still undescribed by science. * Blue ant (an undescribed species of ''

Leptogenys ''Leptogenys'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. ''Leptogenys'' is the most diverse ponerine ant genus in the world; it is widespread throughout tropical and subtropical regions and there are over 260 extant species described. Mos ...

'' ants) Only preliminary research has been done on butterflies and moths (

) in Cambodia, even though it is an abundant lifeform in the country. No identification literature exists for Cambodia on this group yet. * Indian moon moth (''Actias selene''), a common moth across Asia * Common evening brown butterfly (''Melanitis leda''), common in Cambodian woodlands File:Like a cradle.jpg, Pileated gibbon.
Cambodia has the largest population in the world of this endangered ape. File:Gaur And Calf (85173055).jpeg, Gaur File:Bos javanicus, (wild) Banteng - Huai Kha Khaeng (19936183473).jpg, Banteng File:Beermarter (6124400205) (2).jpg, Binturong (bearcat) File:12 - The Mystical King Cobra and Coffee Forests.jpg, King cobra.
Cambodia has many different kinds of snakes. File:Boiga dendrophila, Mangrove cat snake.jpg, Mangrove snake File:Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) juvenile (23479897079).jpg, Asian water monitor File:Tokay gecko in Tak.JPG, Tokay gecko, one of several gecko species File:Leatherbacks crawling to the sea.jpg, Leatherback sea turtle

Flora

Cambodia supports more than 3000 identified plant species, many of which are

to unique local

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...

s, such as the Tonlé Sap floodplain, forests of the

Cardamom Cardamom (), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera ''Elettaria'' and ''Amomum'' in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are rec ...

and

Dâmrei Mountains The Dâmrei Mountains (literally the "Elephant Mountains", km, ភ្នំដំរី, Chuŏr Phnum Dâmrei), refer to a mountain range situated in south-western Cambodia, traversing around north-south as a succession of the Cardamom Mounta ...

, and elevated plains. * Cambodia's national flower is the

rumdul ''Sphaerocoryne affinis'' (notable synonyms: ''Mitrella mesnyi'') is a species of flowering plant in the soursop family, Annonaceae. The fragrant flowers of ''Sphaerocoryne affinis'' are highly regarded in Cambodia and Thailand. Description This ...

flower, officially ''

Mitrella mesnyi ''Sphaerocoryne affinis'' (notable synonyms: ''Mitrella mesnyi'') is a species of flowering plant in the soursop family, Annonaceae. The fragrant flowers of ''Sphaerocoryne affinis'' are highly regarded in Cambodia and Thailand. Description Thi ...

''. * The

white cheesewood Cheesewood is a common name for several plants and may refer to: *'' Alstonia scholaris'' (White cheesewood) *''Melodorum fruticosum'' (White cheesewood), native to southeast Asia *''Pittosporum'' species *''Nauclea orientalis ''Nauclea oriental ...

, also known as rumdul, is the official flower of Sisaket Province. Several plant species in Cambodia are rare and/or endangered:Note: Many species are now extinct or near extinct in neighbouring countries and Cambodia happens to hold some of the last refuges. * ''

Nepenthes bokorensis ''Nepenthes bokorensis'' is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Cambodia. It is known from Mount Bokor (also ''Phnom Bokor'' or Bokor Hill) in the south of the country, and an as yet undetermined specimen suggests that it may also be present in ...

'', one of two rare pitcher plants endemic to Cambodia. Found growing in the

. * '' Aquilaria crassna'', or chankreussna, is a tree species valued for its perfume which is currently critically endangered. * ''

Cinnamomum cambodianum ''Cinnamomum cambodianum'' ( km, ទេព្វិរូ, teppirou) is a non-scented species of cinnamon, native and endemic to Cambodia. Commonly referred to as Cambodia cinnamon, ''C. cambodianum'' is an evergreen tree with a large, dense cro ...

'' a non-scented species of cinnamon tree endemic to Cambodian forests, primarily the Cardamom and Dâmrei Mountains. Perhaps also present in Thailand at the Cambodia-Thailand border region in the northeast. Endangered by

illegal logging Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a pro ...

notes and references

External links

An online photographic database of Cambodian Marine Species
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wildlife Of Cambodia Biota of Cambodia