Wieden (; Central Bavarian: ''Wiedn'') is the 4th municipal

district of Vienna A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

, Austria (german: 4. Bezirk). It is near the centre of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850, but its borders were changed later. Wieden is a small region near the city centre. Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References). After World War II, Wieden was part of the Soviet sector of Vienna for 10 years. __TOC__

History

The name Wieden was first recorded in 1137, and is thus the oldest ''

Vorstadt In German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a ''Vorort'' (suburb). Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" in German) was ...

'' (former municipality within the '' Linienwall'') of Vienna. The main street ( Wiedner Hauptstraße) is certainly even older. The district was the site of the former royal Summer residence, which was completed under Ferdinand II, and was expanded many times until

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

sold it to the Jesuits. Today it is the Theresianum, a prestigious private boarding school, while the

Diplomatic Academy of Vienna The Diplomatic Academy of Vienna (DA; German: ''Diplomatische Akademie Wien''), also known as the Vienna School of International Studies, is a postgraduate professional school based in Vienna, Austria, with focused training for students and prof ...

resides in a wing of the building. In the beginning of the 18th century, the development of Wieden as a suburb began. Many palaces and other buildings were built. Two small ''

Vorstädte In German language, German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a ''Vorort'' (suburb). Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" ...

'' in the area of the present fourth district were Hungelbrunn and Schamburgergrund. These three areas along with a number of others were incorporated into the city of Vienna as the fourth district on March 6, 1850. Because of social and economic differences, Margareten was separated from the fourth district to form the fifth district in 1861. The so-called ''

Freihaus A Freihaus (German for "free house") was a house that, although physically within the city walls of a medieval or early modern city, was legally outside it. That is, the residents of a Freihaus legally lived in the surrounding countryside and wer ...

'', built in 1700 and the largest apartment building/tenement of the time, was located in this area, although by 1970 its state had deteriorated. The name has been rehabilitated in recent years to give an identity to the local bars, restaurants and independent retailers.http://freihausviertel.at/ During the occupation by the allies (1945–1955), Wieden was part of the Soviet sector of Vienna. The Vienna University of Technology is located in this district with its main administration buildings being located in Karlsplatz and a nearby satellite campus in the 6th district across the Wienzeile.

Famous residents

Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped wit ...

(1833–1897), German composer, lived here *

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he g ...

(1714–1787), lived here *

Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...

(1864–1945 ), sugar manufacturer and art lover, lived here (de) * Karl Kraus (1874–1936), an Austrian writer and journalist, one of the foremost German-language satirists of the 20th century, lived here * Rosa Mayreder (1858–1938), an Austrian freethinker, author, painter, musician and feminist *

Emanuel Schikaneder Emanuel Schikaneder (born Johann Joseph Schickeneder; 1 September 1751 – 21 September 1812) was a German impresario, dramatist, actor, singer, and composer. He wrote the libretto of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera ''The Magic Flute'' and was t ...

(1751–1812), a German impresario * Johann Strauss II. (1825–1899), composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas, lived here * Nicholas Treadwell (1937), gallerist, art collector and performer * Cäcilia Cordula Weber, ''née Stamm'' (1727 – 1793), the mother of

Constanze Weber Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart (née Weber; 5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a trained Austrian singer. She was married twice, first to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; then to Georg Nikolaus von Nissen. She and Mozart had six ...

, wife of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, died here * Josephine Haas (later ''Haas von Längenfeld-Pfalzheim'') (1783, Burglengenfeld - 1846), a female German-Austrian philanthropist, lived and died here (de) Karlskirche Wien September 2016

Joseph Ulrich Danhauser Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...

(1780 - 1829), Austrian furniture maker, father of

Josef Danhauser Josef Danhauser (19 August 1805 in Laimgrube (now a part of Mariahilf or Neubau) – 4 May 1845) was an Austrian painter, one of the main artists of Biedermeier period, together with Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Peter Fendi, among others. His wor ...

(de) *

Josef Feid Josef Feid, an Austrian landscape painter, was born at Vienna in 1806. He possessed a great talent in depicting foliage and forest life, and died at Weidling, near Vienna, in 1870. The following works by him are in the Vienna Gallery: *''A ...

(1806–1870, Weidling), Austrian painter, born here (de) * Adalbert Nikolaus Fuchs (1814, Wieden - 1886, Kritzendorf), Austrian agricultural scientist, born here (de) *

Karl Lueger Karl Lueger (; 24 October 1844 – 10 March 1910) was an Austrian politician, mayor of Vienna, and leader and founder of the Austrian Christian Social Party. He is credited with the transformation of the city of Vienna into a modern city. The pop ...

(1844–1910), Viennese mayor, born here * Johann Matthias Ranftl (1804–1854), Austrian artist, born here (de) *

Johann Heinrich Steudel Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...

(1825–1891, Weikersdorf), politician, born here (Schaumburgergrund, now Wieden) (de)

Sights

Karlskirche The ''Rektoratskirche St. Karl Borromäus'', commonly called the ''Karlskirche'' (), is a Baroque church located on the south side of Karlsplatz in Vienna, Austria. Widely considered the most outstanding baroque church in Vienna, as well as one ...

: (St. Charles's Church) a famous and special baroque church * Naschmarkt: the famous and the largest market of Vienna (fruits and vegetables and more recently bars and restaurants) * Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station: Art Nouveau building constructed by Otto Wagner * Theresianum * Vienna Museum: museum covering Vienna's history * ORF building The headquarters of the national broadcaster's radio stations.

Notes

References

* "Wien - 5. Bezirk/Wieden", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages)
Wien.gv.at-wieden
(in German). {{Authority control Districts of Vienna States and territories established in 1137