{{Short description, Group of dermatologists affiliated to the University of Vienna
The Vienna School of Dermatology was a group of dermatologists affiliated to the
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich histor ...
who became an important reference in the development of modern
dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.'' Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 537. . It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical ...
in the second half of the 19th century. It was founded by
Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra
Ferdinand Karl Franz Schwarzmann, Ritter von Hebra (7 September 1816, in Brno, Moravia – 5 August 1880 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary) was an Austrian physician and dermatologist known as the founder of the New Vienna School of Dermatology, an i ...
(1816–1888) with the collaboration of his mentor,
Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky
Baron Carl von Rokitansky (german: Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, cs, Karel Rokytanský; 19 February 1804 – 23 July 1878) was a Bohemian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician, founder of the Viennese School of Me ...
pathologist
Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...
with interest in
skin diseases
A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this sy ...
. Their pupils,
Isidor Neumann
Isidor Neumann, Edler von Heilwart (2 March 1832, Mißlitz, Moravia – 31 August 1906) was an Austrian dermatologist.
He was a student at the so-called Vienna School of Dermatology under Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra (1816–1880), earning his do ...
(1832–1906),
Salomon Stricker
Salomon Stricker (1 January 1834 – 2 April 1898) was an Austrian pathologist and histologist.
Career
Stricker was born in Waag-Neustadtl (Hungarian: Vágújhely, now Nové Mesto nad Váhom in Slovakia). He studied at the University of Vienna, ...
Moritz Kaposi
Moritz Kaposi ( hu, Kaposi Mór, ; 23 October 1837 in Kaposvár, Hungary – 6 March 1902 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary) was a Hungarian physician and dermatologist who discovered the skin tumor that received his name (Kaposi's sarcoma).
Biography
...
(1837–1902), all of the same generation; and
Paul Gerson Unna
Paul Gerson Unna, (September 8, 1850, Hamburg – January 29, 1929, Hamburg) was a German physician specialized in dermatology and one of the pioneers in dermatopathology. Biography
Paul Unna was the son of Moritz Adolph Unna, a physician from H ...
(1850–1929) and Salomon Ehrmann (1854–1926), continued the tradition. Unna later became the father of German dermatopathology.
Von Hebra first organized the dermatological service in the
Vienna General Hospital
The Vienna General Hospital (german: Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien), usually abbreviated to AKH, is the general hospital of the city of Vienna, Austria. It is also the city's university hospital, and the site of the Medical Univer ...
. He was inspired by the movement towards a scientific dermatology already established in
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
by
Robert Willan
__NOTOC__
Robert Willan (12 November 1757, near Sedbergh, Yorkshire – 7 April 1812, in Madeira) was an English physician and the founder of dermatology as a medical specialty.
Life
Willan was educated at Sedbergh School, and received his M ...
(1757–1812) and
Thomas Bateman
Thomas Bateman (8 November 1821 (baptised) – 28 August 1861) was an English antiquary and barrow-digger.
Biography
Thomas Bateman was born in Rowsley, Derbyshire, England, the son of the amateur archaeologist William Bateman. After the death ...
(1778–1821); and in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
by
Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert
Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert (2 May 1768 – 4 November 1837) was a French dermatologist born in Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Aveyron. He was a pioneer of dermatology.
Life and work
Originally planning to enter the priesthood, Alibert did not begin st ...
(1768–1837),
Laurent-Théodore Biett Laurent-Théodore Biett (25 July 1781 – 3 March 1840) was a Swiss-born dermatologist from Schams in the canton of Graubünden. He is chiefly remembered for introducing into France an anatomical methodology of analyzing skin diseases; a system tha ...
(1781–1840),
Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave
Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave (5 May 1795 – 9 April 1877) was a French dermatologist who practiced medicine at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris.
In 1823 he was appointed interne to the hospitals of Paris, and in 1835 became ''professor ag ...
(1795–1877) and
Pierre François Olive Rayer
Pierre François Olive Rayer (8 March 1793 – 10 September 1867) was a French physician who was a native of Saint Sylvain. He made important contributions in the fields of pathological anatomy, physiology, comparative pathology and parasitol ...
(1793–1867). The Vienna School adopted the approach of
pathology
Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...
(as influenced by the great Carl von Rokitansky, a professor of von Hebra) and the doctrine of local causative agents. For example, 2,000 of the first 2,500 dermatological patients treated by von Hebra had
scabies
Scabies (; also sometimes known as the seven-year itch) is a contagious skin infestation by the mite ''Sarcoptes scabiei''. The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and a pimple-like rash. Occasionally, tiny burrows may appear on the skin ...
.
The members of the Vienna School discovered and described many new diseases and signs, such as:
* Auspitz's sign
*
Eczema herpeticum
Eczema herpeticum is a rare but severe disseminated infection that generally occurs at sites of skin damage produced by, for example, atopic dermatitis, burns, long-term usage of topical steroids or eczema. It is also known as Kaposi varicellifor ...
*
Erythema exudativum multiforme
Erythema multiforme (EM) is a skin condition that appears with red patches evolving into target lesions, typically on both hands.
It is a type of erythema possibly mediated by deposition of immune complexes (mostly IgM-bound complexes) in the ...
Impetigo herpetiformis
Impetigo herpetiformis is a form of severe pustular psoriasis occurring in pregnancyJames, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 471. . which may occur dur ...
Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin, in lymph nodes, in the mouth, or in other organs. The skin lesions are usually painless, purple and may be flat or raised. Lesions can occur singly, multiply in a limite ...
Lupus erythematosus
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blo ...
Tinea cruris
Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch, is a common type of contagious, superficial fungal infection of the groin and buttocks region, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in men and in hot-humid climates.
Typically, over the upper inner ...