The Vienna Central Cemetery (german: Wiener Zentralfriedhof) is one of the largest

cemeteries A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a buri ...

in the world by number of interred, and is the most well-known cemetery among

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

's nearly 50 cemeteries. The cemetery's name is descriptive of its significance as Vienna's biggest cemetery, not of its geographic location, as it is not in the city center of the

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

n capital, but on the outskirts, in the outer city district of Simmering.

History and description

Unlike many others, the Vienna Central Cemetery is not one that has evolved slowly. The decision to establish a new, big cemetery for Vienna came in 1863 when it became clear that – due to industrialization – the city's population would eventually increase to such an extent that the existing communal cemeteries would prove to be insufficient. City leaders expected that Vienna, then capital of the large

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, would grow to four million inhabitants by the end of the 20th century, as no-one foresaw the Empire's collapse in 1918. The city council therefore assigned an area significantly outside of the city's borders and of such large dimension, that it would suffice for a long time to come. They decided in 1869 that a flat area in Simmering should be the site of the future Central Cemetery. The cemetery was designed in 1870; according to the plans of the Frankfurt landscape architects Karl Jonas Mylius and Alfred Friedrich Bluntschli who were awarded for their project ''per angusta ad augusta'' (from dire to sublime). The cemetery was opened on

All Saints' Day All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows' Day, the Feast of All Saints, the Feast of All Hallows, the Solemnity of All Saints, and Hallowmas, is a Christian solemnity celebrated in honour of all the saints of the church, whether they are know ...

in 1874. However the

consecration Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service. The word ''consecration'' literally means "association with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different grou ...

of the cemetery was not without controversy: the

interdenominational Interdenominationalism is an evangelical Protestant movement of cooperation among various Christian denominations. History The movement has its origins in the founding of the London Missionary Society, a missionary society, in 1795 by variou ...

character of the new cemetery – the different faith groups being interred on the same ground – met with fierce resistance, especially in conservative circles of the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

. This argument became even more aggressive when the city announced that it did not want an official Catholic opening of the new cemetery – but gave a substantial amount of money toward the construction of a segregated

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

section. In the end, the groups reached an agreement resulting in the Catholic representatives opening the Central Cemetery with a small ceremony. Due to refraining from having a large public showing, the new cemetery was inaugurated almost unnoticed in the early morning of 31 October 1874 by Vienna Mayor

Baron Cajetan von Felder Baron Cajetan von Felder (german: link=no, Cajetan Freiherr von Felder; 19 September 1814 – 30 November 1894) was an Austrian lawyer, entomologist and liberal politician. He served as mayor of Vienna from 1868 to 1878. Life and career Felder ...

and Cardinal Joseph Othmar Rauscher to avoid an escalation of the public controversy. The official opening of the Central Cemetery occurred the following day. The first burial was that of Jacob Zelzer, followed by 15 others that day. The grave of Jacob Zelzer still exists near the administration building at the cemetery wall. The cemetery spans with 330,000 interments and up to 25 burials daily. It is also the second largest cemetery, after the of

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

Ohlsdorf Cemetery Ohlsdorf Cemetery (german: Ohlsdorfer Friedhof or (former) ) in the Ohlsdorf quarter of the city of Hamburg, Germany, is the biggest rural cemetery in the world and the fourth-largest cemetery in the world. Most of the people buried at the cemete ...

, which is the largest in Europe by number of interments and area. A

Viennese Viennese may refer to: * Vienna, the capital of Austria * Viennese people, List of people from Vienna * Viennese German, the German dialect spoken in Vienna * Music of Vienna, musical styles in the city * Viennese Waltz, genre of ballroom dance * V ...

joke has it that the Central Cemetery is "half the size of Zurich, but twice as much fun", (german: Halb so groß wie Zürich – aber doppelt so lustig ist der Wiener Zentralfriedhof!). Opposite the cemetery's main gate, across Simmeringer Hauptstrasse, is the ''

Feuerhalle Simmering Feuerhalle Simmering is a crematorium with attached urn burial ground in the Simmering (Vienna), Simmering district of Vienna, Austria. It lies at the end of an alley, directly opposite Vienna Central Cemetery's main gate. Description Opened on ...

'', Vienna's first crematorium, which was built by Clemens Holzmeister in 1922 in the style of an oriental fortress.

St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church (German: ''Friedhofskirche zum heiligen Karl Borromäus'') is a Roman Catholic church in the Vienna Central Cemetery in the 11th district, Simmering. It was constructed from 1908 to 1911 to designs by the arch ...

is the central church of the cemetery. It used to be called ''Dr. Karl-Lueger-Gedächtniskirche'' (Karl Lueger Memorial Church) because of the crypt of the former mayor of Vienna below the high altar. This church in

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

style was built in 1908–1910 by Max Hegele. The crypt of Austrian presidents is situated in front of the church. The burial vault is located beneath the

sarcophagus A sarcophagus (plural sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek ...

, with stairs leading down to a circular room whose walls are lined with niches where urns or coffins can be interred.

''Ehrengräber''

In its early incarnations, the cemetery was unpopular because of its distance from the city centre. This forced authorities to think of ways to make it more attractive: Hence honorary graves (german:

Ehrengrab An ''Ehrengrab'' (English: 'grave of honor') is a distinction granted by certain German, Swiss and Austrian cities to some of their citizens for extraordinary services or achievements in their lifetimes. If there are no descendants or instituti ...

) as a way of attracting tourists were established. Interred in the Central Cemetery are notables such as

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

and

Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wor ...

, who were moved to the Central Cemetery from "Währinger Ostfriedhof" in 1888;

Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped wit ...

; Antonio Salieri;

Johann Strauss II Johann Baptist Strauss II (25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son (german: links=no, Sohn), was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed ov ...

and

Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (, ; ; 13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was as ...

. A cenotaph honours

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

, who is buried in nearby

St. Marx Cemetery St. Marx Cemetery (Sankt Marxer Friedhof) is a cemetery in the Landstraße district of Vienna, used from 1784 until 1874. It contains the unmarked grave of the famous composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. History The cemetery was named after a nearb ...

Interdenominational character

In addition to the

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

section, the cemetery houses a

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

cemetery (opened 1904) and two

cemeteries. Although the older of the two, established in 1863, was destroyed by the

Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

during the '' Kristallnacht'', around 60,000 graves remain intact. Cemetery records indicate 79,833 Jewish burials as of 10 July 2011. Prominent burials here include those of the

Rothschild family The Rothschild family ( , ) is a wealthy Ashkenazi Jewish family originally from Frankfurt that rose to prominence with Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), a court factor to the German Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel in the Free City of F ...

and that of the author Arthur Schnitzler. The second

Jewish cemetery A Jewish cemetery ( he, בית עלמין ''beit almin'' or ''beit kvarot'') is a cemetery where Jews are buried in keeping with Jewish tradition. Cemeteries are referred to in several different ways in Hebrew, including ''beit kevarot'' ...

was built in 1917 and is still in use today. There were 58,804 Jewish burials in the new section as of 21 November 2007. Officials discovered the desecration of 43 Jewish graves in the two Jewish sections on 29 June 2012, allegedly as an anti-Semitic act – the stones and slabs were toppled or damaged. Since 1876,

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...

have been buried at Vienna's Zentralfriedhof. The dead are buried according to Austrian law, in a

coffin A coffin is a funerary box used for viewing or keeping a corpse, either for burial or cremation. Sometimes referred to as a casket, any box in which the dead are buried is a coffin, and while a casket was originally regarded as a box for jewel ...

, in contrast to the Islamic ritual practice: burial in a

shroud Shroud usually refers to an item, such as a cloth, that covers or protects some other object. The term is most often used in reference to ''burial sheets'', mound shroud, grave clothes, winding-cloths or winding-sheets, such as the famous Shr ...

. The opening of the new Islamic cemetery of the Islamic Faith Community took place on 3 October 2008 in Liesing. The cemetery also contains Russian Orthodox burial grounds (Saint Lazarus chapel, 1894) and plots dedicated for the use of various

Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") ...

churches. Since 1869, members of the

Greek Orthodox The term Greek Orthodox Church (Greek language, Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, ''Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía'', ) has two meanings. The broader meaning designates "the Eastern Orthodox Church, entire body of Orthodox (Chalced ...

community have been buried in Section 30 A, just west of Gate 2, near the arcades. The Romanian Orthodox community is near Gate 3 in Section 38 as are members of the Bulgarian Orthodox churches. The

Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The majority of the population in ...

community received portions of Sections 68 B and 69 C, near Gate 3. Section 27 A contains the tombs of the

Coptic Orthodox Church The Coptic Orthodox Church ( cop, Ϯⲉⲕ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ, translit=Ti.eklyseya en.remenkimi en.orthodoxos, lit=the Egyptian Orthodox Church; ar, الكنيسة القبطي� ...

. The

section on the east side is dedicated for the use of both confessions-parts of the Evangelical Protestant church in Austria, the

Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...

A.B (Evangelische Kirche Augsburger Bekenntnis) and

Calvinist Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...

H.B (Evangelische Kirche Helvetisches Bekenntnis). The cemetery was inaugurated in the presence of the President of the Evangelical Protestant Church, Dr. Rudolf Franz on 14 November 1904. The cemetery was expanded in 1926, 1972 and 1998. The Protestant section consists of 6,000 graves and 300 family vaults. In 2000, a ''Baby burial ground'' opened in Section 35 B near Gate 3 where stillborn infants, dead babies, and young children up to of height are interred. Europe's first

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

cemetery was established in the Vienna Central Cemetery in May 2005. An area of the Central Cemetery has been set aside for this purpose centered around a

stupa A stupa ( sa, स्तूप, lit=heap, ) is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (such as ''śarīra'' – typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation. In Buddhism, circumamb ...

, and was

consecrated Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service. The word ''consecration'' literally means "association with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different grou ...

by a

Tibetan Tibetan may mean: * of, from, or related to Tibet * Tibetan people, an ethnic group * Tibetan language: ** Classical Tibetan, the classical language used also as a contemporary written standard ** Standard Tibetan, the most widely used spoken dial ...

monk. The new ''Anatomy Memorial'' opened in Section 26, on 5 March 2009, for interments of the Institute of

Anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...

of the

Medical University of Vienna The Medical University of Vienna (German: ''Medizinische Universität Wien'') is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It is the direct successor to the faculty of medicine at the University of Vienna, founded in 1365 by Rudolf IV, Duk ...

and for the people who donated their bodies to science.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian Christianity, Christian church that considers itself to be the Restorationism, restoration of the ...

in Austria celebrated the dedication of a hectare-sized plot set apart for the

Mormon Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement started by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s. After Smith's death in 1844, the movement split into several ...

deceased in the Vienna Central Cemetery 19 September 2009.

Access

Private car traffic is allowed on the cemetery grounds every day of the year except 1 November ( All Saint's Day), although vehicles must pay a

toll Toll may refer to: Transportation * Toll (fee) a fee charged for the use of a road or waterway ** Road pricing, the modern practice of charging for road use ** Road toll (historic) The road toll was a historical fee charged to travellers and ...

. Because of the large number of visitors on 1 November, private vehicles are not permitted. A public "cemetery bus" line (Route 106) operates on the grounds with several stops. The old Simmering horse tram was replaced by an electric tram, running from

Schwarzenbergplatz Schwarzenbergplatz is a square in Vienna, Austria. It is actually more like a small, open street than a square, and it runs between the Kärntner Ring section of the Ringstraße and Lothringerstraße. Travelling south, the street, Schwarzenbergs ...

to the Central Cemetery, in 1901 and it was renumbered as "71" ''(der 71er)'' in 1907; it remains the most popular route to the cemetery by public transport. The "Zentralfriedhof" stop on the Vienna S-Bahn (metro suburban railway) is close to the old Jewish part of the cemetery. The closest underground stop is "Simmering" ( Vienna U-Bahn, line U3), about from the cemetery.

Gallery

Zentralfriedhof Wien Buddhistische Sektion.jpg, Buddhist burial ground Zentralfriedhof Islamische Gräber.jpg, Muslim section Evangelischer Friedhof.jpg, Protestant section with funerary chapel Wien - russisch-orthodoxe Lazaruskirche (2).JPG, Russian Orthodox chapel Anatomiegraeber (Gruppe 26) Zentralfriedhof.jpg, Anatomy Memorial Soldatengräber Wiener Zentralfriedhof.jpg, Military section Zentralfriedhof Wien 024.jpg, Mausoleum of the architect

Max Fleischer Max Fleischer (born Majer Fleischer ; July 19, 1883 – September 25, 1972) was an American animator, inventor, film director and producer, and studio founder and owner. Born in Kraków, Fleischer immigrated to the United States where he became ...

(1841–1905) in the old Jewish section Zentralfriedhof Aufbahrungshalle.jpg, Mortuary building

Cultural references

The cemetery is the scene of Harry Lime's fake and real funeral at the beginning and end of ''

The Third Man ''The Third Man'' is a 1949 British film noir directed by Carol Reed, written by Graham Greene and starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, Orson Welles, and Trevor Howard. Set in postwar Vienna, the film centres on American Holly Martins (Cotten), ...

''. The musician Wolfgang Ambros credited the cemetery in his 1975 song ''Es lebe der Zentralfriedhof'' ("Long live the Central Cemetery"), marking with it the 100th anniversary of its opening.

Notable interments

* Alfred Adler (1870–1937), psychiatrist and psychologist, founder of individual psychology * Wolf Albach-Retty (1906–1967), Austrian actor * Rudolf von Alt (1812–1905), painter * Alois Ander (1821–1864), Bohemian-born operatic tenor *

Franz Antel Franz Antel (28 June 1913 – 11 August 2007) was a veteran Austrian filmmaker. Born in Vienna, Antel worked mainly as a film producer in the interwar years. After World War II, he began writing and directing films on a large scale. In the ...

(1913–2007), film director, writer and producer *

Leon Askin Leon Askin (; born Leon Aschkenasy, 18 September 1907 – 3 June 2005) was an Austrian Jewish actor best known in North America for portraying the character General Burkhalter on the TV situation comedy ''Hogan's Heroes''. Life and career A ...

(1907–2005), actor *

Franz von Bayros Franz von Bayros (28 May 1866 – 3 April 1924) was an Austrian commercial artist, illustrator, and painter, best known for his controversial ''Tales at the Dressing Table'' portfolio. He belonged to the Decadent movement in art, often util ...

(1866–1924), artist *

(1770–1827), composer *

Erna Berger Erna Berger (19 October 1900 – 14 June 1990) was a German lyric coloratura soprano. She was best known for her Queen of the Night and her Konstanze. Career Born in Dresden, Germany, Berger spent some years as a child in India and South Ameri ...

(1900–1990), opera singer *

Ulrich Bettac Ulrich Ewald Berthold Bettac (2 May 1897 – 20 April 1959), was an Austrian actor and theatre director. He was especially well known for his work as a character actor at the Burgtheater in Vienna; he also had a fairly extensive film career. S ...

(1897–1959), actor *

Hedy Bienenfeld Hedwig "Hedy" Bienenfeld, also known after marriage as Hedy Wertheimer (17 October 1907 – 24 September 1976) was an Austrian Olympic swimmer. She won a bronze medal in the 200m breaststroke at the 1927 European Aquatics Championships. She comp ...

(1907–1976), Austrian-American Olympic swimmer * Theodor Billroth (1829–1894), surgeon * Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906), physicist/mathematician * Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851–1914), Austrian economist * Sergei Bortkiewicz (1877–1952), composer, with his wife Elisabeth *

(1833–1897), composer *

Adolf von Brudermann Adolf von Brudermann (2 June 1854 Vienna – 26 October 1945 Vienna) was a ''General der Kavallerie'' (general of the cavalry) of the Austro-Hungarian Army. He saw service during World War I. Personal life Brudermann was the youngest of the four ...

(1854–1945), Austro-Hungarian general *

Rudolf von Brudermann Rudolf Nikolaus Ritter von Brudermann (from 1919 Rudolf Brudermann; 9 January 1851 Gyöngyös, Hungary – 21 January 1941 Kaltenleutgeben, Lower Austria, Austria) was an Austro-Hungarian ''General der Kavallerie'' (general of the cavalry) during ...

(1851–1941), Austro-Hungarian general * Ignaz Brüll (1846–1907), composer * Carl Czerny (1791–1857), piano teacher and composer *

Elfi von Dassanowsky Elfriede "Elfi" von Dassanowsky (February 2, 1924October 2, 2007) was an Austrian-born singer, pianist and film producer. Early life Elfi von Dassanowsky (also known as Elfi Dassanowsky or Elfriede Dassanowsky) was born Elfriede Maria Elisabe ...

(1924–2007), singer and film producer *

Georg Decker Georg Decker (7 December 1818 – 13 February 1894) was an Austro-Hungarian portrait artist. Decker was born in Hungary to a German-speaking family, and grew up and made his career in Vienna, where he taught painting as well as working as a ...

(1818–1894), portrait artist *

Karl Decker Karl Decker (30 November 1897 – 21 April 1945) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who committed suicide in the Ruhr Pocket on 21 April 1945. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Le ...

(1921-2005), Austrian football player and manager *

Otto Erich Deutsch Otto Erich Deutsch (5 September 1883 – 23 November 1967) was an Austrian musicologist. He is known for compiling the first comprehensive catalogue of Franz Schubert's compositions, first published in 1951 in English, with a revised edition pub ...

(1883–1967), musicologist *

Heinrich Elbogen Heinrich Elbogen (18 June 1872 – 8 December 1927) was an Austrian sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born on 18 June 1872 to a Jewish family in Paris, France, the second child and the only son of banker Guido ...

(1872–1927), Austrian sports shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics * Falco civil name Johann (Hans) Hölzel (1957–1998), rock singer *

Anton Dominik Fernkorn Anton Dominik Ritter von Fernkorn (March 17, 1813 in Erfurt – November 16, 1878 in Vienna) was a German-Austrian sculptor. Career Fernkorn studied sculpture under the sculptors and Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler in Munich, 1836–40. His fi ...

(1813–1878), sculptor * Leopold Figl (1902–1965), statesman *

Viktor Frankl Viktor Emil Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997) was an Austrian psychiatrist who founded logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy that describes a search for a life's meaning as the central human motivational force. Logotherapy is part ...

(1905–1997), neurologist, psychiatrist, and

Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...

survivor * Egon Friedell (1878–1938), Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer, and theatre critic *

Edgar Froese Edgar Willmar Froese (; 6 June 1944 – 20 January 2015) was a German musical artist and electronic music pioneer, best known for founding the electronic music group Tangerine Dream in 1967. Froese was the only continuous member of the group ...

(1944–2015), musician, artist, composer *

Dorothea Gerard Dorothea Mary Stanislaus Gerard (Mme Longard de Longgarde, 9 August 1855 – 29 September 1915) was a Scottish-born novelist and romance-writer who often wrote about controversial and unconventional subjects and "whose general conservatism co-e ...

(1855–1915), novelist * Carl von Ghega (1802–1860), engineer * Alexander Girardi (1850–1918), actor *

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he g ...

(1714–1787), composer * Karl Goldmark (1830–1915), composer *

Alfred Grünfeld Alfred Grünfeld (4 July 1852 in Prague – 4 January 1924 in Vienna) was an Austrian pianist and composer. Life Alfred Grünfeld was born as the second of eight children to Jewish leather merchant Moritz Grünfeld (born 1817 Kolín nad Labem) a ...

(1852–1924), pianist *

Cecil van Haanen __NOTOC__ Cecil van Haanen (3 November 1844 – 24 September 1914) was a Vienna-born Dutch portrait and genre painter, whose significant work was centred at Venice. Van Haanen was the son to landscape painter Remigius Adrianus Haanen (1812� ...

(1844–1914), artist *

Baron Theophil von Hansen Baron Theophil Edvard von Hansen (; original Danish name: Theophilus Hansen ; 13 July 1813 – 17 February 1891) was a Danish architect who later became an Austrian citizen. He became particularly well known for his buildings and structures in A ...

(1813–1891), architect *

Anton Heiller Anton Heiller (15 September 1923 – 25 March 1979) was an Austrian organist, harpsichordist, composer and conductor. Biography Born in Vienna, he was first trained in church music by Wilhelm Mück, organist of Vienna's Stephansdom (St. Stephen' ...

(1923–1979), organist and composer *

Johann von Herbeck Johann Ritter von Herbeck (25 December 1831 – 28 October 1877) was an Austrian musician, conductor and composer, born in Vienna, best known for leading the premiere of Franz Schubert's "Unfinished" Symphony. He was practically a self-educa ...

(1831–1877), composer * Hysni Curri (?–1925), Albanian revolutionary *

Gert Jonke Gert Jonke (8 February 1946 – 4 January 2009) was an Austrian poet, playwright and novelist. Life Jonke was born and educated in Klagenfurt, Austria. He attended the Gymnasium (university preparatory school) and the Conservatory. After he ...

(1946–2009), poet, playwright and novelist * Curd Jürgens (1912–1982), actor * Emmerich Kálmán (1882–1953), composer *

Vera Karalli Vera Alexeyevna Karalli (russian: Вера Алексеевна Каралли; 27 July 1889 – 16 November 1972) was a Russian ballet dancer, choreographer and silent film actress during the early years of the 20th century. Early life and ca ...

(1889–1972), ballerina and actress *

Siavash Kasrai Siavash Kasrai ( fa, سیاوش کسرائی; February 25, 1927 – February 8, 1996) was an Iranian poet, literary critic and novelist. He is well-known for his epic poem of Arash the Archer written in the late 1950s. An active supporter of ...

(1927–1996), Persian Marxist poet *

Wilhelm Kienzl Wilhelm Kienzl (17 January 1857 – 3 October 1941) was an Austrian composer. Biography Kienzl was born in the small, picturesque Upper Austrian town of Waizenkirchen. His family moved to the Styrian capital of Graz in 1860, where he studied ...

(1857–1941), composer *

Thomas Klestil Thomas Klestil (; 4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician who served as President of Austria from 1992 to his death in 2004. He was elected in 1992 and re-elected into office in 1998. Biography until 1992 Born ...

(1932–2004), Austrian president (1992–2004) *

Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky (; 22 January 1911 – 29 July 1990) was an Austrian social democratic politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72 at the end of his chancellorship, he was the oldest Ch ...

(1911–1990), statesman * Karl Kraus (1874–1936), writer * Werner Johannes Krauss (1884–1959), stage and film actor * Hedy Lamarr (1914–2000), actress and inventor *

Joseph Lanner Joseph Franz Karl Lanner (12 April 1801 – 14 April 1843) was an Austrian dance music composer and dance orchestra conductor. He is best remembered as one of the earliest Viennese composers to reform the waltz from a simple peasant dance to s ...

(1801–1843), composer *

Lotte Lehmann Charlotte "Lotte" Lehmann (February 27, 1888 – August 26, 1976) was a German soprano who was especially associated with German repertory. She gave memorable performances in the operas of Richard Strauss, Richard Wagner, Ludwig van Beethoven, ...

(1888–1976), opera singer *

György Ligeti György Sándor Ligeti (; ; 28 May 1923 – 12 June 2006) was a Hungarian-Austrian composer of contemporary classical music. He has been described as "one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century" ...

(1923–2006), composer * Theo Lingen (1903–1978), actor/director *

Emanuel List Emanuel List (born March 22, 1888 in Vienna - d. June 21, 1967 in Vienna) was an Austrian-American opera bass. He is best remembered for his performances in Wagnerian operas. Career List first began singing as a boy soprano in a Vienna choir ...

(1888–1967), opera singer * Guido von List (1848–1919) 19th-century mystic Germanic and Runic revivalist * Adolf Loos (1870–1933), architect * Max Lorenz (1901–1975), German tenor * Luigi Lucheni (1873–1910), Italian assassin *

Karl Lueger Karl Lueger (; 24 October 1844 – 10 March 1910) was an Austrian politician, mayor of Vienna, and leader and founder of the Austrian Christian Social Party. He is credited with the transformation of the city of Vienna into a modern city. The pop ...

(1844–1910), politician * Julius Madritsch (1906–1984), Austrian Righteous Among the Nations * Hans Moser (1880–1964), actor * Siegfried Marcus (1831–1898), automobile pioneer *

Karl Millöcker Karl may refer to: People * Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne * Karl Marx, German philosopher and political writer * Karl of Austria, last Austrian ...

(1842–1899), composer *

Karl Eugen Neumann Karl Eugen Neumann (18651915) was the first translator of large parts of the Pali Canon of Buddhist scriptures from the original Pali into a European language (German) and one of the pioneers of European Buddhism. Life When Neumann was born, hi ...

(1865–1915), European pioneer of

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

Walter Nowotny Walter Nowotny (7 December 1920 – 8 November 1944) was an Austrian-born fighter ace of the Luftwaffe in World War II. He is credited with 258 aerial victories—that is, 258 aerial combat encounters resulting in ...

(1920–1944),

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

Luftwaffe The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...

'' pilot *

Georg Wilhelm Pabst Georg Wilhelm Pabst (25 August 1885 – 29 May 1967) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He started as an actor and theater director, before becoming one of the most influential German-language filmmakers during the Weimar Republic. ...

(1885–1967), film director *

Ida Laura Pfeiffer Ida Laura Pfeiffer (14 October 1797, Vienna – 27 October 1858, Vienna), née Reyer, was an Austrian explorer, travel writer, and ethnographer. She was one of the first female travelers, whose bestselling journals were translated into seven langu ...

(1797-1858), explorer * Hans Pfitzner (1869–1949), composer * Clemens von Pirquet (1874–1929), scientist and pediatrician *

Paula von Preradović Paula Preradović (; 12 October 1887 – 25 May 1951), known professionally as Paula von Preradović or by her married name as Paula Molden, was an Austrian writer and poet. She was the granddaughter of the poet, writer and military general Petar ...

(1887–1951), writer *

Helmut Qualtinger Helmut Qualtinger (; 8 October 1928 – 29 September 1986; alt. sp.: ''Helmuth Qualtinger''; birthname: ''Helmut Gustav Friedrich Qualtinger'') was an actor, writer, reciter and cabaret performer. Biography He was born Helmut Gustav Friedrich Qu ...

(1928–1986), actor *

Julius Raab Julius Raab (29 November 1891 – 8 January 1964) was a conservative Austrian politician, who served as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961. Raab steered Allied-occupied Austria to independence, when he negotiated and signed the Austr ...

(1891–1964), statesman * Geli Raubal (1908–1931),

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...

's half-niece *

Karl Renner Karl Renner (14 December 1870 – 31 December 1950) was an Austrian politician and jurist of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria. He is often referred to as the "Father of the Republic" because he led the first government of German-A ...

(1870–1950), statesman *

Richard Réti Richard Selig Réti (28 May 1889 – 6 June 1929) was an Austro-Hungarian, later Czechoslovakian, chess player, chess author, and composer of endgame studies. He was one of the principal proponents of hypermodernism in chess. With the exc ...

(1889–1929), chess grandmaster * Josef Karl Richter (1880–1933), composer * Hans Riemer, politician * Albert Salomon von Rothschild (1844–1911), financier *

Nathaniel Mayer Anselm von Rothschild Nathaniel Meyer von Rothschild (26 October 1836 – 16 June 1905) was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Austria, known as art collector and patron. Life Born in Vienna, he was the fifth child and first son of Anselm von Rothschild (180 ...

(1836–1905), financier * Léonie Rysanek (1926–1998), opera singer * Antonio Salieri (1750–1825), composer *

Friedrich Schilcher __NOTOC__ Friedrich Schilcher (1811 – 1881) was an Austrian portrait, genre, and history painter, and decorative designer. Schilcher was born in Vienna on 1 September 1811. He studied at the Vienna Academy, undertook study trips to Hungary and ...

(1811–1881), painter * Franz Schmidt (1874–1939), composer * Arthur Schnitzler (1862–1931), writer *

(1874–1951), composer *

(1797–1828), composer * Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), architect * David Schwarz (1852–1897) aviation pioneer *

Alma Seidler Alma Seidler (1 June 1899 – 8 December 1977) was an Austrian actress. She was member of the Burgtheater for over 50 years. Biography Alma Seidler was born in Leoben, the daughter of Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg. The later Burgtheater direc ...

(1899–1977), actress * Ignaz Seipel (1876–1932), statesman, Austrian chancellor * Matthias Sindelar (1903–1939), footballer * Robert Stolz (1880–1975), composer *

Eduard Strauss Eduard "Edi" Strauss (15 March 1835 – 28 December 1916) was an Austrian composer who, together with his brothers Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss made up the Strauss musical dynasty. He was the son of Johann Strauss I and Maria Anna Streim. ...

(1835–1916), composer * Johann Strauss I (1804–1849), composer *

(1825–1899), composer * Josef Strauss (1827–1870), composer *

Franz von Suppé Franz von Suppé (né Francesco Ezechiele Ermenegildo de Suppe) (18 April 181921 May 1895) was an Austrian composer of light operas and other theatre music. He came from the Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now part of Croatia). A c ...

(1819–1895), composer *

Heinrich Schenker Heinrich Schenker (19 June 1868 – 14 January 1935) was a Galician-born Austrian music theorist whose writings have had a profound influence on subsequent musical analysis. His approach, now termed Schenkerian analysis, was most fully exp ...

(1868–1935), music theorist * Friedrich Torberg (1908–1979), writer * Kurt Waldheim (1918–2007), U.N secretary-general, Austrian president *

Franz Werfel Franz Viktor Werfel (; 10 September 1890 – 26 August 1945) was an Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright, and Poetry, poet whose career spanned World War I, the Interwar period, and World War II. He is primarily known as the author of ''Th ...

(1890–1945), poet * Franz West (1947–2012), artist *

Anton Wildgans Anton Wildgans (17 April 1881 – 3 May 1932) was an Austrian poet and playwright. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times. Life Born in Vienna, Wildgans studied law at the University of Vienna, from 1900 ...

(1881–1932), poet *

Hugo Wolf Hugo Philipp Jacob Wolf (13 March 1860 – 22 February 1903) was an Austrian composer of Slovene origin, particularly noted for his art songs, or Lieder. He brought to this form a concentrated expressive intensity which was unique in late Ro ...

(1860–1903), composer * Fritz Wotruba (1907–1975), sculptor *

Joe Zawinul Josef Erich Zawinul ( '; 7 July 1932 – 11 September 2007) was an Austrian jazz and jazz fusion keyboardist and composer. First coming to prominence with saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, Zawinul went on to play with Miles Davis and to bec ...

(1932–2007), jazz keyboardist and composer * Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871–1942), composer File:Zentralfriedhof Vienna - Beethoven.JPG,

's grave. File:Zentralfriedhof Vienna - Boltzmann.JPG, Ludwig Boltzmann's grave. File:Zentralfriedhof Vienna - Brahms.JPG,

's grave. File:Zentralfriedhof Vienna - Schoenberg.JPG,

's grave. File:Zentralfriedhof Vienna - Franz Schubert.jpg,

's grave. File:Johann strauss vater.jpg, Johann Strauss' I grave. File:Zentralfriedhof Vienna - Franz Werfel.JPG,

's grave. File:Wiener Zentralfriedhof - Gruppe 33 G - Grab von Hedy Lamarr.jpg, Hedy Lamarr's grave.

References

External links

* * * {{Authority control Buddhist cemeteries 1863 establishments in the Austrian Empire Burial sites of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty