Hindu mythological wars are the wars described in the

Hindu texts Hindu texts are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. A few of these texts are shared across these traditions and they are broadly considered Hindu scriptures. These ...

of ancient India. These wars depicted both mortals of great prowess as well as

deities A deity or god is a supernatural being who is considered divine or sacred. The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines deity as a god or goddess, or anything revered as divine. C. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greate ...

and

supernatural beings Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature. The term is derived from Medieval Latin , from Latin (above, beyond, or outside of) + (nature) Though the corollary term "nature", has had multiple meanings si ...

, often wielding supernatural weapons of great power. Hindu teachings prescribe war as the final option, to be employed only after all peaceful methods are exhausted. Participation in righteous war, or '' dharmayuddha'', was said to be honourable and was a principal duty of the ''Kshatriya'' or the warrior

varna Varna may refer to: Places Europe *Varna, Bulgaria, a city in Bulgaria **Varna Province **Varna Municipality ** Gulf of Varna **Lake Varna **Varna Necropolis *Vahrn, or Varna, a municipality in Italy *Varniai, a city in Lithuania * Varna (Šaba ...

, and victory in such wars was regarded as a matter of honour.

In Vedic literature

Indra and Vritra

The central battle in the ''Vedas'' is between

Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> I ...

and Vritra, and the defeat of the demon Vritra leads to the liberation of rivers, cattle and '' Ushas'' ( dawn/light).

The Kshatriya class

War Sacrifices: *''

Ashvamedha The Ashvamedha ( sa, अश्वमेध, aśvamedha, translit-std=IAST) was a horse sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion. It was used by ancient Indian kings to prove their imperial sovereignty: a horse accomp ...

'': The famous horse-sacrifice was conducted by allowing a horse to roam freely for a slated period of time, with the king performing the sacrifice laying claim to all the lands it touched. The king whose authority is contested must prove himself in battle or accept the imperial supremacy of the challenging king. When the horse returns safely after the period of time, the main sacrifice is performed, and the king, if successful in obtaining dominance over other kings, is crowned ''Emperor of the World''. The ''Ashwamedha'' allows the opportunity to maintain peace if the kings do not choose to contest the sacrificial horse. *''

Rajasuya Rajasuya () is a Śrauta ritual of the Vedic religion. It is ceremony that marks a consecration of a king. According to the Puranas, it refers to a great sacrifice performed by a Chakravarti - universal monarch, in which the tributary princes may ...

'': Considered the ultimate sacrifice, the king performing the sacrifice must openly challenge every king in the world to accept his supremacy or defeat him in battle. If and when the king returns successfully, having beaten all other known rulers, the performance of the sacrifice will send him to the abode of

. *''Vishvajit Yagna'': a sacrifice performed by Brahmins after a king had won a war.

In Puranic Literature

The Devasura War

The perennial battle between the

devas Devas may refer to: * Devas Club, a club in south London * Anthony Devas (1911–1958), British portrait painter * Charles Stanton Devas (1848–1906), political economist * Jocelyn Devas (died 1886), founder of the Devas Club * Devas (band), ...

and asuras is undertaken over the dominion of the three worlds:

Svarga Svarga (), also known as Indraloka and Svargaloka, is the celestial abode of the devas in Hinduism. Svarga is one of the seven higher lokas ( esoteric planes) in Hindu cosmology. Svarga is often translated as heaven, though it is regarded to b ...

, Bhumi, and Patala, (

Heaven Heaven or the heavens, is a common religious cosmological or transcendent supernatural place where beings such as deities, angels, souls, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or reside. According to the belie ...

, Earth, and the underworld). Both races are technically equal, possessors of great religious and martial powers, but the devas are committed to the worship of the Supreme Being and the practice of virtue. The asuras have atheistic and devious tendencies that grow over time. The divide is the greatest in the

Kali Yuga ''Kali Yuga'', in Hinduism, is the fourth and worst of the four ''yugas'' (world ages) in a ''Yuga Cycle'', preceded by '' Dvapara Yuga'' and followed by the next cycle's '' Krita (Satya) Yuga''. It is believed to be the present age, which is ...

, the final age.

The Holy Science ''The Holy Science'' is a book written by Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri in 1894 under the title ''Kaivalya Darsanam''. Sri Yukteswar states that he wrote ''The Holy Science'' at the request of Mahavatar Babaji. The book compares parallel passages from ...

, by Jnanavatar Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, Yogoda Sat-Sanga Society of India, 1949

Twelve Battles

In the ''Varaha kalpa'', twelve battles between the devas and the asuras are described in the

Brahmanda Purana The ''Brahmanda Purana'' ( sa, ब्रह्माण्ड पुराण, ) is a Sanskrit text and one of the eighteen major Puranas, a genre of Hindu texts. It is listed as the eighteenth Maha-Purana in almost all the anthologies. The text ...

: # Narasimha and Hiranyakashipu # Vamana and Mahabali # Varaha and Hiranyaksha # Samudra Manthana: The churning of the ocean # Tarakamaya War:

Soma Soma may refer to: Businesses and brands * SOMA (architects), a New York–based firm of architects * Soma (company), a company that designs eco-friendly water filtration systems * SOMA Fabrications, a builder of bicycle frames and other bicycle ...

and

Brihaspati Brihaspati ( sa, बृहस्पति, ), also known as Guru, is a Hindu deity. In the ancient Vedic scriptures of Hinduism, Brihaspati is a deity associated with fire, and the word also refers to a rishi (sage) who counsels the devas (gods ...

# Adibaka: According to the Devi Bhagavata Purana, the king Harishchandra promised before to Varuna that he would celebrate for his propitiation the great Naramedha sacrifice, when he would offer his own son as a victim to be immolated to cure himself of his disease. When he had second thoughts, the guru Vashishta suggested that he sacrifice a Brahmin boy instead, and the king acquired a boy called Sunasepha for the deed.

Vishvamitra Vishvamitra ( sa, विश्वामित्र, ) is one of the most venerated rishis or sages of ancient India. According to Hindu tradition, he is stated to have written most of the Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gayatri Mant ...

urged him to release the innocent child, and when the king refused, taught him a mantram of Varuna, which often invoked, freed him. Vashishta cursed Vishvamitra to be born in his next birth as a ''baka'' (crane), and the latter cursed the former to take birth as an ''adi'' (myna). The crane Visvamitra built its nest on the top of a tree on the Manasarovara lake and began to live there. Vashistha, too, assumed the form of an adi bird, and built his nest on the top of another tree and lived there. Thus the two rishis spent their days in full enmity towards each other. These two birds used to shriek so terribly loud that they became a nuisance to all, and they fought daily with each other. Brahma then freed them from these curses, and the gurus returned to their ashrams. # Traipura: Tripurasura and Shiva # Andhakara: Andhaka and Shiva # Dhvaja: In the battle called Dhvaja, the danava Vipracitti, described as the "terror of the celestials", adept in the art of maya and a being who threatened the three worlds, was killed by

after penetrating a hundred thousand ''dhvajas'' (banners). # Varta: The asura Vritra and

# Halahala: According to the Devi Bhagavata Purana, the Halahalas were a sect of asuras who were the first creation of the Trimurtis, when they also possessed the power of creation. The Halahalas, who became very powerful within a short period of time, earned from Brahma all the boons they wanted, and they then conquered the three worlds. At last, they barricaded Kailasa and Vaikuntha as well, so Vishnu and Shiva defeated them after a fierce fight lasting for a thousand years. The deities returned to their abodes and spoke about their achievements. Their wives laughed at the bravado of their husbands. At this Vishnu got angry with Lakshmi and Shiva with Parvati, and in protest the Devis left their husbands. From that day onwards, Vishnu and Shiva began losing their power. Brahma, who divined the reason for the growing weakness of Vishnu and Shiva persuaded Lakshmi and Parvati to return to their rightful places and support their husbands. Yet, Brahma told them that in future he alone would handle the work of creation. Thus were Vishnu and Shiva divested of their right to creation. # Kolahala: According to the Padma Purana, Kolahala was a famous asura. In the battle between the devas and the asuras carried on by

Subrahmanya Kartikeya ( sa, कार्त्तिकेय, Kārttikeya), also known as Skanda, Subrahmanya, Shanmukha (), and Murugan ( ta, முருகன்), is the Hindu god of war. He is the son of Parvati and Shiva, the brother of Ganesha ...

, this asura confronted Malyavan and was killed.

War Sacrifices Conducted

*''

'': King Sagara performed it for 99 times successfully. If a King performs it 100 times, he becomes eligible to obtain throne of King of Heaven. Sagara also performed this 100th time but it failed because of Indra's evil plot.

Vyuha: Cohorts of Battle

*''

Padma Vyuha The Padma ( bn, পদ্মা ''Pôdma'') is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for to its confluence with the Meghna River near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is si ...

'' or the ''

Chakravyuha The Padmavyūha ( sa, पद्मव्यूह) or Chakravyūha ( sa, चक्रव्यूह) is a military formation used to surround enemies, depicted in the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. It resembles a labyrinth of multiple defensive ...

'': A winding, ever-rotating circular formation; considered impenetrable in the ''Mahabharata'' by all warriors except for Krishna,

Arjuna Arjuna (Sanskrit: अर्जुन, ), also known as Partha and Dhananjaya, is a character in several ancient Hindu texts, and specifically one of the major characters of the Indian epic Mahabharata. In the epic, he is the third among Panda ...

Drona Droṇa ( sa, द्रोण, Droṇa), also referred to as Dronacharya ( sa, द्रोणाचार्य, Droṇācārya), is a major character of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. In the epic, he serves as the royal preceptor of the Kaurav ...

, Parashurama, Pradyumna, and

Abhimanyu Abhimanyu is a legendary warrior from the ancient Hindu history ''Mahabharata''. He was born to the third Pandava prince Arjuna and the Yadu princess Subhadra, who was Krishna's younger sister. The ''Sambhava Parva'' of the Adi Parva sta ...

had learnt how to break into the formation (in the womb of

Subhadra Subhadra ( sa, सुभद्रा, Subhadrā) is a Hindu goddess mentioned in ancient Hindu scriptures like the ''Mahabharata'' and the ''Bhagavata Purana''. She is described as the favourite child of Vasudeva and the younger sister of de ...

) but not how to break out of it and is trapped inside during the ''Mahabharata'' war. *''Krauncha Vyuha'': The crane-shaped formation of an army; forces are distributed to form spanning wing-sides, with a formidable penetrating centre, depicting the crane's head and beak. *''Sarpa Vyuha'': Winding Snake Formation *''Makara Vyuha'':

Crocodile Crocodiles (family (biology), family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. The term crocodile is sometimes used even more loosely to inclu ...

Formation *''Sakata Vyuha'': Cart Formation *''Shukar Vyuha'': Pig Formation *''Vajra Vyuha'': Thunderbolt formation, the toughest and most difficult after ''Chakravyuha''. *''Kurma Vyuha'': Turtle formation *''Garuda Vyuha'':

Eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...

formation *''Suchi Vyuha'':

Needle Needle may refer to: Crafting * Crochet needle, a tool for making loops in thread or yarn * Knitting needle, a tool for knitting, not as sharp as a sewing needle * Sewing needle, a long slender tool with a pointed tip * Trussing needle, a long sl ...

formation *''Simha Vyuha'':

Lion The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body; short, rounded head; round ears; and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. It is sexually dimorphi ...

formation

Pralaya: The end of the world

*The end of the world is prophesied to happen at the end of the ''

- the final stage of the world, and the last of the four stages''. Kalki, the final Avatar of Vishnu is also prophesied to appear the end of the ''Kali Yuga'', to wage the final battle between good and evil bringing end of the world and start of new world. * Shiva Nataraja, the Destroyer, kills the paramount demon of Ego and performs the ''Tandava Nritya'' (''The Dance of Tandava'') on his back, ending with the destruction of the universe performing Rudra Tandava. * In Shaktism, the mystical dance by Goddess Kali (the terrifying form of Parvati, Shiva's consort), that is, dark energy for destroying all forms of matter, materials, beings, and illusions, which are absorbed within herself i.e. the Supreme Brahman.

The Ramayana

: He was the preceptor of Rama and Lakshmana, a powerful tapasvi and Brahmarishi. He bestows the knowledge of all divine weaponry to Rama and Lakshmana, leads them to kill powerful demons, and instructs them in religion and military arts. * Rama : He was 7th Avatar of Lord Vishnu. Rama was an extremely powerful warrior and had knowledge of usage of many celestial astras. Rama single-handedly slayed the 14,000 demon hordes of

Khara Khara can refer to Places * Khara, Iran, a village in Isfahan Province, Iran * Khara-Khoto, the ruins of a medieval city in western Mongolia * Khara, Pakistan, a town in Punjab, Pakistan * Khara, Nepal, a village in Nepal * Khara, Raebareli, a vil ...

(in one hour, in the ''Ramayana''), the demons Maricha and

Subahu Subahu ( , ta, சுபாகு , kan, ಸುಬಾಹು, Thai: ''Sawahu'') was a rakshasa character in the Ramayana. Story Subahu, Maricha and their mother, Tataka, took immense pleasure in harassing the munis of the jungle, especially ...

, Ravana's chief commander

Prahasta In the Hindu epic, the ''Ramayana'', Prahasta (Sanskrit: प्रहस्त, IAST: prahasta, lit. ''he who has extended hands'') was a powerful rakshasa warrior and the chief commander of Ravana's army of Lanka. He was the son of Sumali ...

and is responsible for the ultimate killing of Ravana himself. * Lakshmana : He was also very powerful like his brother. He was incarnation of Anantha-Seshanag. He controlled his sleep for 12 continuous years and slayed extremely powerful demons including Atikaya and

Indrajit Meghanada (), also referred to by his epithet Indrajita , according to Hindu texts, was the crown prince of Lanka, who conquered Indraloka (Heaven). He is regarded as one of the greatest warriors in Hindu texts. He is a major character mentio ...

. * Hanuman : He was son of Kesari and Anjana. He was one of the Rudras of Shiva. He was first trained by Sun god

Surya Surya (; sa, सूर्य, ) is the sun as well as the solar deity in Hinduism. He is traditionally one of the major five deities in the Smarta tradition, all of whom are considered as equivalent deities in the Panchayatana puja and a m ...

and later Shiva himself mentored him. Later he became

Vanara In Hindu, Vanara ( sa, वानर, , forest-dwellers) are either monkeys, apes, or a race of forest-dwelling people. In the epic the ''Ramayana'', the Vanaras help Rama defeat Ravana. They are generally depicted as humanoid apes, or human-l ...

minister of

Sugriva ''This character is about the vanara, in the Ramayana.'' Sugriva ( sa, सुग्रीव, , ) is a character In the ancient Indian epic Ramayana. He is the younger brother of Vali, whom he succeeded as ruler of the vanara kingdom of Kishk ...

. He is the greatest devotee of Rama, famous for his unerring service, absolute loyalty and great feats of courage. Hanuman is responsible for killing many demons, as well as burning the city of Lanka. His strength is given by his father Vayu, and by virtue of the boons bestowed on him by various Gods, no astra and weapon could harm him. He can transform into any size and shape as he desired. He was also well expert in using celestial astras. He also possessed Mohini astra, Rudra astra etc. * Ravana: blessed by his fearsome 10,000 year

tapasya Tapas (Sanskrit: तपस्) is a variety of austere spiritual meditation practices in Indian religions. In Jainism, it means asceticism (austerities, body mortification); in Buddhism, it denotes spiritual practices including meditation and se ...

to be the most powerful being on earth, invulnerable to every God, demon and living being, save man. Although an expert on the Vedas, a great king, and a great devotee of Shiva, he is the emperor of evil due to his patronage of demons, murder of kings and humiliation of the Gods headed by Indra. *

a: He was first-born son of mighty Ravana. Originally his name was Meghanada. He was master of illusion war techniques. He became the possessor of several supreme celestial weapons. Through penance, he obtained a boon from Brahma : he could be killed by a common man who could control his sleep for 12 years continuously. He defeated

and arrested him. Then Brahma appeared and asked him to free Indra. Meghanada did as Brahma directed and was then granted boon : he would never be killed in any battle, until his Yagna (fire-worship) of his native goddess Nikumbala was disturbed and destroyed. On the completion of the Yagna, a supreme celestial chariot would appear, boarding which, Indrajit would become unkilled in any battle. But Brahma also cautioned him that whosoever would destroy this yagna, would also kill him. He was killed by Lakshmana. * Kumbhakarna: the gigantic brother of Ravana was a fearsome monsuter-demon who sleeps for six months at a stretch, rising for only one day and then returning to his slumber. Kumbhakarna could slay hundreds of warriors by the sweep of his hand or step of his foot. He was killed by Rama in the war. *

: the chief commander of Lanka's army who was killed on the 1st day of the war of Rama and Ravana. * Atikaya: the second son of Ravana, who had an indestructible armor given to him by Brahma that can only be pierce by the Brahmastra. Once he caught Shiva trident in Mount Kailash when Shiva was angry with him. Both Atikaya and his cousin Trishira were the reincarnations of

Madhu and Kaitabha Madhu ( sa, मधु, ''Madhu'') and Kaitabha ( sa, कैटभ, ''Kaiṭabha''), also rendered Madhu-Kaiṭabhas, are the names of two asuras in Hindu scriptures, and are associated with Hindu cosmology. Legend Madhu and Kaitabha both or ...

, who were defeated by Mahavishnu. *

Akshayakumara Akṣayakumāra ( sa, अक्षयकुमार), also known as Mahabali Akshya in various languages, was the youngest son of Ravana and the brother of Meghanada. In the Ramayana, when Hanuman started destroying Ashoka Vatika after a co ...

: the youngest son of Ravana who died, fighting Hanuman in Ashok Vatika. * Shatrughna: Youngest son of King Dasharatha, youngest brother of Rama. He killed Lavana, son of Madhu and Kumbhini (a sister of Ravana) and became the King of Mathura. * Bharata: Younger brother of Rama, elder to Lakshmana and Shatrugna. He along with his maternal uncle Yudhajit, conquered

Gandhara Gandhāra is the name of an ancient region located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, more precisely in present-day north-west Pakistan and parts of south-east Afghanistan. The region centered around the Peshawar Vall ...

and created his kingdom of Takshasila and Pushkalavati by defeating Gandharvas and inhabiting that kingdom. * Vali: Son of Vanara king Vriksharaja, spiritual son of King of Gods- Indra. Vali was invincible in Treta Yuga. Vali defeated some of the greatest warriors like Ravana. Vali was blessed with the ability to obtain half the strength of his opponent before which he already had strength of 70,000 elephants. Hence, Rama killed Vali by hiding behind the trees. Atirathis: * Akampana * Kampana * Devanataka * Narantaka * Akshayakumara * Ahiravana * Kumbha * Nikumbha * All younger sons of Ravana Maharathis: * Lakshmana * Ravana * Kumbhakarna * Atikaya * Jambavan * Sugriva * Angada * Bharata * Shatrugna Atimaharathis: * Rama * Indrajit * Hanuman

War Sacrifices Conducted

* ''

'': Rama performed the Asvhamedha successfully.

The Mahabharata

*''Kuru Army'': of 11 '' Akshauhinis'' is formed by the kingdom of

Hastinapura Hastinapur is a city in the Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ''Hastinapura'', described in Hindu texts such as the ''Mahabharata'' and the Puranas as the capital of the Kuru Kingdom, is also mentioned in ancient Jain tex ...

in alliance with races like the Samshaptakas, Trigartas, the Narayana army, the Sindhu army and Madra. **''Commanders in Chief'':

Bhishma Bhishma (Sanskrit: भीष्‍म, , ), also known as Pitamaha, Gangaputra, and Devavrata, played an integral role in Mahabharata. He was the supreme commander of the Kaurava forces during the Kurukshetra War mentioned in the Hindu epic M ...

, Karna and

Ashwathama In the Hindu epic the ''Mahabharata'', Ashwatthama ( sa, अश्वत्थामा, Aśvatthāmā) or Drauni was the son of guru Drona and Kripi (sister of Kripacharya). He was the grandson of the sage Bharadwaja. Ashwatthama ruled the ...

. **''Rathis'':

Duryodhana Duryodhana ( sa, दुर्योधन, ) also known as Suyodhana, is the primary antagonist in the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata.'' He was the eldest of the Kauravas, the hundred sons of the blind king Dhritarashtra and his queen Gandhari. Being ...

(8 Rathi), Somadatta, Sudakshina,

Shakuni Shakuni ( sa, शकुनि, , ) plays a key role in the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. He is one of the main antagonists of the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. He was the prince of the kingdom of Gandhara when introduced, later becoming its king a ...

, Jayadratha,

Dussasana Dushasana ( sa, दुःशासन, , ), also spelled Duhshasana, Dussasana or Duhsasana, also known as Sushasana, is an antagonist in the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. He was second eldest among the Kaurava princes and the younger brother of ...

, Vikarna, 97 Kauravas, Duryodhana's son Lakshmana and Dussasana's son Durjaya were Rathi warriors. **''Atirathis'':

Kritavarma Kritavarma ( sa, कृतवर्मा, translit=Kṛtavarmā) is a Yadava warrior in Hinduism. He appears as a minor character in the Mahabharata, fighting in the Kurukshetra war for the Kauravas. According to F.E. Pargiter, he was the son o ...

Kripacharya Kripa ( sa, कृप, Kṛpa, pity), also known as Kripacharya ( sa, कृपाचार्य, Kṛpācārya, Kripa the master), is a figure in Hindu mythology. According to the epic ''Mahabharata'', he was a council member of Kuru Kingdom ...

, Shalya, Bhurisravas,

Brihadbala Brihadbala () is a king featured in Hindu mythology. He is a character in the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. He is described to be the last king of the Kosala Kingdom. In the Kurukshetra War, Brihadbala fights for the Kauravas and is killed by Ab ...

, Susharma. **''Maharathis'':

, Bhagadatta, Karna *Pandava Army: is a coalition of 7 '' Akshauhinis'', primarily the Panchala and Matsya forces, the Rakshasa forces of Bhima's son, and Vrishni-Yadava heroes. **''Commander in Chief'': Dhristadyumna **''Rathis'': Uttamaujas, Shikhandi, Yuyutsu, Uttar and Upapandavas **''Atirathis'': Yudhishthira,

Bhima In Hindu epic Mahabharata, Bhima ( sa, भीम, ) is the second among the five Pandavas. The ''Mahabharata'' relates many events that portray the might of Bhima. Bhima was born when Vayu, the wind god, granted a son to Kunti and Pandu. Af ...

, Nakula, Sahadeva, Kuntibhoja,

Satyaki Yuyudhana ( sa, युयुधान, '), better known as Satyaki ( sa, सात्यकि, ), was a powerful Yadava chieftain of Narayani Sena, belonging to the Vrishni clan to which Krishna also belonged. According to the Puranas, he was ...

, Drupada Dhristadyumna,

Ghatotkacha Ghatotkacha ( sa, घटोत्कच, , literally: "Bald Pot") is a prominent character in the story of ''Mahabharata''. His name comes from the fact that his head was hairless (''utkacha'') and shaped like a ghatam, or a pot. Ghatotkacha ...

. **''Maharathis'':

**''Atimaharathi'' :

: He was legendary archer and was a super warrior like his father, Arjuna. On the 13th day of war, he entered Chakravyuha and was unfairly killed by multiple Kaurava warriors. *

Ashwatthama In the Hinduism, Hindu epic the ''Mahabharata'', Ashwatthama ( sa, अश्वत्थामा, Aśvatthāmā) or Drauni was the son of guru Drona and Kripi (sister of Kripa, Kripacharya). He was the grandson of the sage Bharadwaja. Ashwa ...

: the son of

, one of the eight Chiranjeevis . He is a great warrior.

and

Kripa Kripa ( sa, कृप, Kṛpa, pity), also known as Kripacharya ( sa, कृपाचार्य, Kṛpācārya, Kripa the master), is a figure in Hindu mythology. According to the epic ''Mahabharata'', he was a council member of Kuru Kingdo ...

are considered to be the lone survivors still living who actually fought in the Kurukshetra war. Ashwathama was born with a gem in his forehead which gives him power over all living beings lower than humans. This gem is supposed to protect him from attacks by ghosts, demons, poisonous insects, snakes, animals etc. *

: The 2nd most physically strong character in the ''Mahabharata'' after Hanuman. Bhima had phenomenal personal strength, he is also known for killing many powerful kings and demons like Jarasandha, Kirmira, Bakasura, Hidimba, Jatasura, Kichaka, and wrestler Jimut, he was an unsurpassed master of the mace weapon and a consummate wrestler. He slayed all the one hundred Kuru brothers including the chief antagonist of the epic,

. *

: He was a skilled warrior with mace in the Mahabharata war. The only men who could beat him in a mace fight was Bhima, Arjuna and Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna. *

: Younger brother of Duryodhana who assaulted Draupadi in the Game of Dice. He was known to be an aggressive warrior but was brutally slain by Bhima on 16th day of Kurukshetra war. *

: the most consummate warrior trained by Parashurama, Bhishma was indestructible by any warrior (except Arjuna and Lord Krishna) when he lifts his weapons. Having countered all the kings of the earth, he is the Commander in Chief of the Kuru Army. *

: the guru of the Kauravas and Pandavas, Drona is a great master of Vedic military arts and almost every celestial weapon. He is invulnerable to any attack (except to Karna, Bhisma, Krishna and Balarama) till he holds a weapon of any sort. He also has great religious knowledge and wisdom. He becomes the second Kuru commander, and

was his favorite student. * Karna: the son of

and first born of

Kunti Kunti ( sa, कुन्ती, ), named at birth as Pritha ( sa, पृथा, ), is one of the prominent characters of the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. She is best known as the mother of the Pandavas and Karna, the main protagonists of the epi ...

who shunned him due to her being the mother of the Pandavas. Karna was the disciple of Drona and he learnt the knowledge of Brahmastra from Lord Parashurama. * Nakula: the fourth brother of the Pandavas. It is said that he was the most handsome man in the world. He was an expert in the art of sword warfare. He was also greatly associated with horses. During the Kurukshetra war, he was the one who killed most of the offspring of all the Kauravas. * Sahadeva: the fifth brother of the Pandavas. He was an expert in the art of axe warfare. He was also greatly associated with sheep, insects. During the Kurukshetra war, he killed

. *

: He was the son of

. He was the best archer and the greatest warrior of Mahabharata. He defeated great warriors like Bhishma, Drona, Ashwatthama, Karna, fairly but never got defeated by any of them. He remained unbeaten throughout the epic and thus he was invincible. It is said that the only Mahadeva had ability to beat Arjuna. He performed incredible feats like defeating Gods in Khandavaprastha, defeating and capturing Gandharva King Chitrasena after killing 1 million Gandharvas and also killing asuras including Nivatakavachas (whom Ravana, Meghanada, Atikaya, Kumbhakarna al together failed to defeat and made truce) etc.

Levels of Warrior Excellence as per Bhishma from Mahabharata

Before war, Bhishma ill-treated Karna by calling him Artha-rathi because Karna had a very bad habit of flying away from battlefield after being defeated. But Karna was potentially equal to 1 Maharathi warrior From Kaurava side ''Rathis'' *Sudhakshina-the ruler of the Kamvojas. *

-King of Gandhara and uncle of Kauravas. *Duryodhana's son-Lakshmana and the Durjaya-son of Dussasana are single Rathis *Jayadratha-the king of the Sindhu and brother in law of Kauravas is equal to 2 rathas *All 99 brothers of Duryodhana including Dushasana are single Rathis *

is classified as a warrior equal to 8 Rathis ''Atirathis'' *Kritverma- the general of "Narayani Sena" of Krishna. *Susharma-the ruler of Trigartas * Shalya- the ruler of Madra *Bhurisravas-the son of Somadatta *Brihadbala-a descendant of Rama, equal to 6 atirathis *

-also known as Kripacharya, the son of Saradwat, equal to 5 atirathis ''Maharathis'' * Bhagadatta- the ruler of Pragjyotisha and son of Narakasura- equal to 1 maharathi. *

-the son of Guru

, one of the eight chiranjeevis and equal to 2 Maharathis. *

-the teacher of Pandavas and Kauravas; equal to 3 Maharathi class warriors. *

-even though he never classified himself, later it was revealed that Bhishma is equal to 4 Maharathi warriors * Karna- Before war, Bhishma classified Karna as Artha-rathi because Karna had a bad habit of flying away from battlefield after being defeated as he did many times including Draupadi Swayamvara war, Gandharva war, Virata war. But potentially Karna was equal to 1 Maharathi. From Pandava side ''Rathis'' *Uttamaujas *Sikhandin-the son of the prince/ess of the Panchalas *All sons of Draupadi (Upapandavas) are single rathis *Dhrishtaketu-the son of Shishupala, the king of the Chedis * Nakula and Sahadeva are single Rathis. * Yudhishthira-the son of Pandu and Kunti, is a Rathi. *Virata King-King of Matsya ''Atirathis'' *

-the second of the Pandava prince, is equal to 8 Atirathis. *Satyaki-of the Vrishni race-equal to 6 Atirathis *Dhrishtadyumna-the son of Drupada. *Kuntibhoja-the maternal grand uncle of Pandavas. *Ghatotkacha-prince of Rakshasas and master of all illusions, son Bhima and Hidimba. (During night, Ghatothkatcha is equal to Maharathi) *Drupada-King of Panchalas. ''Maharathis'' *Abhimanyu- the son of

is equal to 4 Maharathis. ''Atimaharathi''

- the mighty son of Indra was equal to 12 maharathi class warriors and thus-Atimaharathi. According to Bhishma, only Arjuna along with Krishna was Atimaharathi at time of Kurukshetra war.

Deities Mentioned

* Shukra: the

Preceptor A preceptor (from Latin, "''praecepto''") is a teacher responsible for upholding a ''precept'', meaning a certain law or tradition. Buddhist monastic orders Senior Buddhist monks can become the preceptors for newly ordained monks. In the Buddhi ...

of the Asuras, their

high priest The term "high priest" usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious caste. Ancient Egypt In ancient Egypt, a high priest was the chief priest of any of the many gods rever ...

and guru, worshiper of the Supreme Lord, but remains supportive of the Asuras. * Vritra: the Asura son of Savitr deva. Deva Savitr who performs a sacrifice to obtain a son who is capable to be ruler of the three worlds.

War Sacrifices Conducted

* ''

'': In the Mahabharata,

Yudhishthir ''Yudhishthira'' (Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर, IAST: ''Yudhiṣṭhira'') is the eldest among the five Pandava brothers. He is mentioned in the ancient epic Mahabharata. He was sired by King Pandu of the Kuru Dynasty and his first w ...

performed this yagna and all 4 pandhava completed. * ''

'': It was performed by king

in the '' Mahabharata'' epic. Arjuna had conquered whole world for the sake of Yudhisthira. It was also performed by King Yudhishthira and the four pandavas and defeated all the kings except bhagdatta, guhyakas, and north harivarsha. *Vaishnava Yagna: Only Krishna has completed this yagna.

Levels of Warrior Excellence

*''Mahamaharathi'': A warrior capable of fighting 24 Atimaharathi class warriors or 207,360,000 warriors simultaneously. They are the most supreme warriors and are invincible. This includes Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma, Shakti, Ayyappan, Kartikeya, Vinayaka and Hanuman. *''Atimaharathi'': A warrior capable of fighting 12 Maharathi class warriors or 8,640,000 warriors simultaneously; circumspect in his mastery of all forms of weapons and combat skills; expert in designing and destroying all strategies (vyuhas); able to fight against all illusions and win against opponents in such situations.

, Rama, and Krishna are considered as Atimaharathis. Different forms of Lord Shiva are also Atimaharthis. Veerabhadra, Bhairava etc. fall under this category. Incarnations and avatars of Lord Vishnu are generally considered as Atimaharathis. *''Maharathi'': A warrior capable of fighting 12 Atirathi class warriors or 720,000 warriors simultaneously, circumspect in his mastery of all forms of weapons and combat skills,

, Vali,

Babruvahana In the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata'', Babruvahana ( sa, बब्रुवाहन) is the son of Arjuna, a Pandava prince, and Chitrangada, the princess of Manalura. Babruvahana was adopted as the heir of Manalura by his maternal grandfath ...

, Alambusha, Angada,

, Atikaya,

, Kumbhakarna, Karna,

, Ravana, Bhagadatta, Narakasura,

, Iravan, Lakshmana, Balarama, Trishira,

, Bharata, Shatrughna etc. were Maharathis. *''Atirathi'': A warrior capable of contending with 12 Rathi class warriors or 60,000 warriors simultaneously, circumspect in his mastery of all forms of weapons and combat skills. Lava, Jarasandha, Kusha,

, Shalya, Bhurisravas, Drupada, Akampana, Vibheeshana,

Jambavan Jambavan (Devanagari: जाम्बवान्), also known as Jambavanta (Devanagari: जाम्बवत्), is the king of the bears in Hindu texts. He emerges out of the mouth of Brahma when the creator deity yawns. He assists the Ra ...

, Kuntibhoja, Devantaka, Narantaka, Mahi Ravana, Keechaka,

Rukmi Rukmi ( sa, रुक्मी) is the ruler of Vidarbha according to the epic Mahabharata. He was the son of King Bhishmaka and the elder brother of Rukmini. The Harivamsa mentions that Rukmi was trained in the arts of warfare by the Kimpurush ...

, Susharma, Bahlika,

, Pushkal,

Samba Samba (), also known as samba urbano carioca (''urban Carioca samba'') or simply samba carioca (''Carioca samba''), is a Brazilian music genre that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Havin ...

and Pradyumna etc. were Atirathis. *''Rathi'' : A warrior capable of contending with 5,000 warriors simultaneously. All Kauravas,

, Yudhishtira, Nakula, Sahadeva, Matsya King Virata, Uttar, Drishtaketu,

Jayadratha Jayadratha () is the king of the Sindhu kingdom featured in the Mahabharata. He was married to Dushala, the only sister of the hundred Kaurava brothers. The son of the king Vriddhakshatra, he is killed by Arjuna. He has a son named Suratha. Et ...

, Shikhandi and all Upapandavas were rathis.

Major deities

Vishnu

Vishnu, the preserver deity, is considered to be the Ultimate Reality in the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism. He is the spouse of Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity. In the

Puranas Purana (; sa, , '; literally meaning "ancient, old"Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature (1995 Edition), Article on Puranas, , page 915) is a vast genre of Indian literature about a wide range of topics, particularly about legends an ...

, he periodically takes birth as an avatar upon the earth. Vishnu has 10 avatars: Matsya,

Kurma Kurma ( sa, कूर्म; , 'Turtle', 'Tortoise'), is the second avatar of the Hindu preserver deity, Vishnu. Originating in Vedic literature such as the Yajurveda as being synonymous with the Saptarishi called Kashyapa, Kurma is most comm ...

, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Balarama or Buddha, Krishna, and Kalki. Vishnu is also said to have total of 36 forms other than these ten incarnations, including

Mohini Mohini (Sanskrit: मोहिनी, ') is the Hindu goddess of enchantment. She is the only female avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. She is portrayed as a ''femme fatale'', an enchantress, who maddens lovers and demons, sometimes leading them t ...

, Nara-Narayana,

Dattatreya Dattatreya ( sa, दत्तात्रेय, ), Dattā or Dattaguru, is a paradigmatic Sannyasi (monk) and one of the lords of yoga, venerated as a Hindu god. In Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Madhya ...

, Dhanvantari, Hayagriva, and several others. In battle, the avatars of Vishnu are aided by a variety of ''

astra Astra may refer to: People * Astra (name) Places * Astra, Chubut, a village in Argentina * Astra (Isauria), a town of ancient Isauria, now in Turkey * Astra, one suggested name for a hypothetical fifth planet that became the asteroid belt Ent ...

,'' or celestial weapons. The mantra employed to invoke him is Om Namo Narayanaya. His two most popular human avatars, Rama and Krishna, possess many celestial weapons. Krishna also employed a few of these weapons in the Mahabharata. These include: *''

Kaumodaki Kaumodaki () is the gadā (mace) of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Vishnu is often depicted holding the Kaumodaki in one of his four hands; his other attributes are the chakra, the conch, and the lotus. The ''gada'' is also found in the iconography ...

'': The divine mace; Krishna slays the demon Dantavakra with it. *'' Kodanda'': Also called Sharanga, it is a celestial bow wielded by Parashurama, Rama, and Krishna. *'' Nandaka'': The sword of Vishnu that is also wielded by his avatar of Krishna. *''

Narayanastra In Hindu mythology, the Narayanastra () is an astra, a celestial missile, affiliated to the Hindu deity, Vishnu, in his form of Narayana. Description This astra ("celestial weapon" in Sanskrit) fires a volley of millions of deadly missiles ...

'': Narayanastra is one of the most powerful astras in the universe. The personal missile weapon of Vishnu in his

Narayana Narayana (Sanskrit: नारायण, IAST: ''Nārāyaṇa'') is one of the forms and names of Vishnu, who is in yogic slumber under the celestial waters, referring to the masculine principle. He is also known as Purushottama, and is consi ...

form, this ''astra'' lets loose a powerful tirade of millions of deadly missiles simultaneously. The intensity of the shower increases with resistance. The only solution is enacting submission before the missile; only then will it cease. The Narayanastra was first used by Rama in the ''Ramayana''. Then, thousands of years later, this astra was again used by

in the

Kurukshetra War The Kurukshetra War ( sa, कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध ), also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the ''Mahabharata ( sa, महाभारत )''. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle be ...

against the Pandava army. Apart from Rama, only Ashwatthama possessed this weapon. *''

Parashu Parashu ( sa, Paraśu, script=Latn) is the Sanskrit word for a battle-axe, which can be wielded with one or both hands. Construction The parashu could be double-edge bladed or single-edge bladed with a spike on the non cutting edge. It usually me ...

'': The axe of Parashurama, the sixth avatar of Vishnu. This axe was presented to him by Shiva. *''Sharkha'': The bow of Krishna, 8th avatar of Vishnu. *''

Sudarshana Chakra Sudarshana Chakra (Sanskrit: सुदर्शन चक्र, lit. "disc of auspicious vision", IAST: Sudarśana Chakra) is a spinning, celestial discus with 108 serrated edges, attributed to Vishnu and Krishna in the Hindu scriptures. The Sud ...

'': The divine, spinning disc with sharp outer spears, one of the four attributes of Vishnu. The Sudarshana Chakra flies at the command of Krishna, spinning away to tear off the heads of his opponents, or to perform any function desired by Vishnu. It is most famously used by Krishna in the '' Mahabharata''. *''

Vaishnavastra Hindu mythological wars are the wars described in the Hindu texts of ancient India. These wars depicted both mortals of great prowess as well as deities and supernatural beings, often wielding supernatural weapons of great power. Hindu teach ...

'': Vaishnavastra is one of the most powerful astras along with the Narayanastra. The personal missile weapon of Krishna, once fired it cannot be thwarted, save by the will of Vishnu himself.

Shiva

Shiva, the destroyer deity, is the Ultimate Reality in Shaiva tradition. He is the spouse of Parvati, the goddess of power. He is represented by his forms, Mahakala and Bhairava. Shiva is often pictured holding the damaruka, an hourglass-shaped drum, along with his trishula, a trident-staff. The mantra to invoke him is '' Om Namah Shivaya''. Shiva is also considered as the ''Mahadeva'', the great god. He is often worshipped in his phallic representation, the lingam. Assigned with the task of destroying all of the universe at the end of time, Shiva is one of the most fearsome warriors as well as the revered yogis in Hindu tradition. Tandava is the dance of this destroyer deity, which he performs over the body of a demon. Shiva employs his power to kill the Asura Tripura, destroying the flying three cities of Tripura. In battle, Shiva and his ''amshas'' (spirits) deploy formidable weapons controlled by him. Some of these are: *''Arrow of Shiva'': It can destroy creation. Returns to the quiver after being used. *''

Chandrahas In the Hindu epic ''Ramayana'', the Chandrahasa is an indestructible sword that Shiva gifts Ravana. Ravana lifting Mount Kailash The ''Uttara Kanda'' of the Hindu epic ''Ramayana'' records that the ten-headed, twenty-armed mighty King Ravana ...

'': Sword of Ravana granted by Shiva as a boon. *''Ekasha Gada'': The mace of Shiva. A blow from the weapon is the equivalent of being hit by a million elephants. *''Girish'': A special sword of Shiva with unique characteristics. *''Jayantha Vel'': A spear which contains the power of the third eye of Shiva. *'' Khaṭvāṅga'': In Hinduism, the god Shiva - Rudra carried the khatvāṅga as a staff weapon and are thus referred to as ''khatvāṅgīs''. *''Maheshwara Chakra'': The chakra of Shiva. *''

'': The axe of Shiva given to Parashurama ''(the sixth avatar of Vishnu)''. * '' Pashupatastra'': An irresistible and the most destructive personal weapon of Shiva, discharged by the mind, the eyes, words, or a bow. This is the most devastating weapon in the universe. Sage-King Vishwamitra, and

are only other persons who possessed this weapon. * '' Pinaka'': The celestial bow of Shiva.''(Shiva's bow)'': A bow given by Shiva to Janaka and was broken by Rama during Sita's swayamvara * ''Vijaya Dhanush'':'' Vijaya (bow)'': A bow given by Shiva to Parasurama to kill Kshatriyas *''Shiva Kaakam'': An unconquerable weapon of Shiva. *''Shiva Parham'': A long noose ''(of Shiva)'' from which even the gods can't escape from. *''Shiva Vajra'': A vajra that is as powerful as Indra's Vajra. *''Teen Baan'': Shiva gave Barbarika three infallible arrows ''(Teen Baan)''. A single arrow was enough to destroy all opponents in any war, and it would then return to Barbarika's quiver. *'' Trishula'' (Trident): The trident of Shiva. Ravi Varma-Lakshmi

Shakti

Shakti is the supreme goddess in Shaktism, the goddess-centric sect of Hinduism. Both a supreme being and an energy that is considered to be the source of all works of creation, preservation and destruction, Adi Parashakti is held by Shaktas to be the source of the Trimurti, the universe and all of

creation Creation may refer to: Religion *''Creatio ex nihilo'', the concept that matter was created by God out of nothing * Creation myth, a religious story of the origin of the world and how people first came to inhabit it * Creationism, the belief tha ...

. She is regarded to have assumed many incarnations to fight with demons, including Parvati, wife of Shiva, Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, the complete avatar of Shakti herself, according to the Devi Gita and Durga Saptashati, the main scriptures for Shakti worshipers. As the goddess Parvati, she is considered to be the most powerful of all deities. Sometimes, the gods worship Parvati, who came before them in different ''avatars'': * Durga, who killed the demon Mahishasura * Kali, the most ferocious form of the Goddess, who can not be pacified by anyone after war. * Chandi, the gentle manifestation of Durga or Kali, who killed Mahishasura in the battle of Alkapuri. * Kanyakumari, who killed Banasura *

Chamunda Chamunda (Sanskrit: चामुण्डा, ISO-15919: Cāmuṇḍā), also known as Chamundeshwari, Chamundi or Charchika, is a fearsome form of Chandi, the Hindu Divine Mother Shakti and is one of the seven Matrikas (mother goddesses).W ...

, who killed Chanda and Munda * Kaushiki, who killed Shumbha and Nishumbha *

Minakshi Meenakshi (Sanskrit: ; Tamil: ; sometimes spelled as Minakshi; also known as , and ), is a Hindu goddess and tutelary deity of Madurai who is considered an avatar of the Goddess Parvati also referred to as Durga. She is the divine consort of ...

, who defeated all the demigods and destroyed the arrogance of all demigods. Shakti is usually depicted as having the weapons of all the gods, including those of the Trimurti. She holds the trishula of Shiva, the c''hakra'' of Vishnu, the ''Vajra'' of Indra, and the ''gada'' of Yama.

Celestial weapons

An ''

'' is a powerful celestial weapon or missile that is to be hurled at an enemy. Generally astra is in form of an arrow. Astras can be invoked using incantations (mantras). Different astras have different power. A '' Shastra'' is a personal weapon like swords, bows, spades, axes, spears and maces which must be constantly operated by a warrior. *''

Brahmastra In Hindu mythology, the ''Brahmastra'' (IAST: ''Brahmāstra'') is an '' astra'' (weapon) that is said to be able to destroy the whole universe, capable of destroying creation and vanquishing all beings. Only Parasurama, Rama, Meghnada, Bhisma, ...

'': Embedded with the mystical force of Brahma, this weapon releases millions of missiles, great fires and a destructive potential capable of extinguishing all creation, if not used by and aimed only at a celestial fighter. It was used multiple times in the ''Ramayana'', Indrajit used it against Hanuman, Lakshmana asked permission to use it against Indrajit, which Rama declined, Lakshmana used it to kill Atikaya, Rama used it as final arrow to kill Ravana. In the epic the ''Mahabharata'', it is said that the weapon manifest with the single head of Brahma as its tip. In the ''Mahabharata'' era Parashurama, Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Kripa, Ashwatthama, Arjuna, Yudhishtira, Satyaki and many Maharathis possessed the knowledge to invoke this missile. *'' Brahmashirsha astra'': A weapon capable of greater destruction than the ''Brahmastra''. It can burn all creation to ashes once discharged, Arjuna and Ashwathama both used it against each other after the Mahabharata war. Capable of killing even heavens. Was used by Ashwatthama on Parikshit. It is thought that the Brahmashirsha is the evolution of the Brahmastra, 4 times stronger than Brahmastra. "It blazes up with terrible flames within a huge sphere of fire. Numerous peals of thunder were heard, thousands of meteors fell and all living creatures became terrified with great dread. The entire sky seemed to be filled with noise and assumed a terrible aspect with flames of fire. The whole earth with her mountains and waters and trees trembled." When it strikes an area it will cause complete destruction and nothing will ever grow, not even a blade of grass for the next 12 years. It will not rain for 12 years in that area and everything including metal and earth becomes poisoned. In the epic ''Mahabharata'', it is said that the weapon manifest with the four heads of Brahma as its tip. In the ''Mahabharata'', Agnivesha, Karna, Drona, Ashwatthama and Arjuna possessed the knowledge to invoke this weapon. *'' Brahmanda astra'': This is the most powerful weapon of Brahma. It was first used by sage Vashishtha against Vishwamitra's (who was King Vishwarath at that time) Brahmashirsha, as only Brahmanda astra can stop Brahmashirsha astra, it was also used by sage Piplad against Shani to avenge his father's death.In the epic ''Mahabharata'', it is said that the weapon manifest with the all five heads of Brahma as its tip.Brahma earlier lost his fifth head when he fought with Siva.This weapon is said to possess the power to destroy entire solar system or brahmand, the 14 realms according to Hindu cosmology. In some texts it is called Brahma-dhanda astra, the weapon created by Saptarishi's to counter any weapon ever created, even that of Trimurti's. The rishi of this weapon is Para Brahman. It is stated to be the most difficult astra to obtain. Capable of destroying entire universe in a blink of an eye.

used all kinds of divine weapons against sage Vashistha, even Pashupatastra, but the Brahma-dhanda astra of Vashistha neutralized and swallowed all

astra (weapon) In Hinduism, an (Sanskrit: अस्त्र) was a supernatural weapon, presided over by a specific deity and imbued with spiritual and occult powers that caused its effect or impact. Later the word came to denote any weapon which was used b ...

of Vishwamitra proving that Brahma-dhanda astra is the most powerful of all astras. Karna, Bhisma and Drona were the only warriors in the Mahabharata who possessed the knowledge of this weapon. *'' Pashupatastra'': In Hinduism, it is considered that Pashupatastra is the most devastating weapon, as it is the weapon of the consort of the God head Mahadeva, i.e. Mahakali. Mahadeva literally means "Highest of all gods" and Mahakali means "Goddess who is beyond time". This weapon was granted to

by Shiva. It is the most destructive and foreboding weapon. It was first used by Shiva for the destruction of tripura. It is capable of destroying entire multiverse. In the ''Ramayana'',

possessed this mighty weapon. In the ''Mahabharata'', only Arjuna possessed this weapon. *''

'': Invincible and painful, this ''astra'' is unconquerable except by total submission, this astra was used by Krishna against Shiva, when Shiva was fighting on behalf of the evil Banasura, when Shiva charged his personal Pashupatastra on Krishna, Krishna used this to make Shiva fall asleep, allowing him to move past him and cut off Banasura's arms but at the request of Shiva does not kill Banasura. *''

'' : One of the most powerful astras, this cannot be stopped by anyone except its creator, Vishnu. Vaishnavastra is the most powerful astra in the universe along with the Narayanastra. The personal missile weapon of Krishna, once fired it cannot be thwarted by any means, save by the will of Vishnu Himself. Rama and Krishna, possessed this weapon. *''Nagastra'': The snake weapon used by Indrajit against Rama and Lakshmana, used by Karna against Arjuna. *''Nagapasham'': is the celestial weapon equal to ''Nagastra". *''Garudastra'':The eagle weapon to counter against the ''Nagastra''. *''

Anjalikastra ''Anjalikastra'' is a celestial weapon in Hindu mythology. Anjalikastra was a personal astra (celestial weapon) of the king of the devas, Indra. According to Hindu literature, using this weapon on an opponent decapitates them. In some stories ...

'': The personal weapon of

. This is the astra used by

to killed Karna in the Mahabharata war. *''Ramabanam (Ramastra)'': Created by Ram, and was used to kill the Ravana in Ramayana. It cannot be countered by any weapon and could not be stopped by anyone except Rama. *''Bhargavastra'': Created by Parahsurama, he gave it to his disciple Karna.It was used by Karna in the kurukshetra war.This weapon killed 1 akshoni of the Pandava army and was considered unstoppable by any means. In mahabharata only parashurama and Karna possessed knowledge of this weapon. *''Parvatastra'': one of the most dangerous weapon, once it used mountains from sky fall in to the earth. *''Vasavi Shakti'': The magical dart weapon of

, unfailing at executing its target. Indra granted it to Karna during the

Kurukshetra war The Kurukshetra War ( sa, कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध ), also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the ''Mahabharata ( sa, महाभारत )''. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle be ...

, in Mahabharata it was used by karna to kill Ghatotkacha. *'' Vajra'': The thunderbolt weapon of

, who is the God of thunder and lightning, akin to Zeus and Jupiter., In, the Rigveda, it is stated that it was fashioned by Tvashtar.Rigveda 1.32, translated by

Ralph T. H. Griffith Ralph Thomas Hotchkin Griffith (1826–1906) was an English Indologist, a member of the Indian education service and among the first Europeans to translate the Vedas into English. He lived in the UK (Oxford) and in India (Benares and Nilgiris). ...

In the Puranas, the vajra stated to be made from the bones of sage Dadhichi. In all versions, it was used by Indra to slay serpent called Vritra. In the ''Mahabharata'', Indra gave the Vajra to his son Arjuna. Apart from Indra, only

possessed it. *''Agneyastra'': The fire weapon, created by Agni, god of fire *''

Varunastra The ''Varunastra'' (Sanskrit वरुणास्त्र) is the water weapon (a storm) according to the Indian scriptures, incepted by Varuna, god of hydrosphere. In stories, it is said to assume any weapon's shape, just like water. Upon usa ...

'': The water weapon, created by Varuna, god of the oceans *''Vayavastra'': The wind weapon, created by Vayu *''Samvarta'': Weapon belonging to Yama used by Bharata to annihilate thirty million Gandharvas in a moment, tearing them to pieces. *''Sammohanastra'': Would cause entire hosts/armies to collapse in a trance. It was used in the ''Mahabharata'' by Arjuna the entire army of Hastinapur. *''Twashtastra'': When used against a group of opponents (such as an army), would cause them to mistake each other for enemies and fight each other. *'' Suryastra'': Create a dazzling light that would dispel any darkness about and dry up water bodies. Arjuna had this weapon and used against Shakuni on 12th day of war. *''Sabda-vedi astra'': This weapon prevents an opponent from turning invisible. Used by Arjuna against the Gandharva king Chitrasena. *''Gandharvastra'': Created by Gandharva King Chitrasena. He gave it to Arjuna. *''Mayastra'': Dispel any form of maya or sorcery in the vicinity. It was possessed by

. *''Manavastra'': Created by

Manu Manu may refer to: Geography *Manú Province, a province of Peru, in the Madre de Dios Region ** Manú National Park, Peru **Manú River, in southeastern Peru * Manu River (Tripura), which originates in India and flows into Bangladesh *Manu Temp ...

, it could overcome supernatural protections and carry the target hundreds of miles away. Can inspire humane traits in an evil being. This weapon was used by Rama on Maricha. *''Bhaumastra'': Created by Goddess Bhumi Devi, the weapon could create tunnels deep into the earth and summon jewels. *''Indrastra'': Created by the God Indra, it would bring about a 'shower' of arrows from the sky.

References

{{HinduMythology War in mythology Wars