Uttaramadras
   HOME

TheInfoList



Click Here for Items Related To - Uttaramadras
OR:
Uttaramadras on:   [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Amazon]

This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent –
Indus Valley The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, ...
(roughly today's Punjab), Western India, Northern India,
Central India Central India is a loosely defined geographical region of India. There is no clear official definition and various ones may be used. One common definition consists of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, which are included in alm ...
, and also in areas of the southern part like
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
and the Maldives through and after a complex process of migration, assimilation of other peoples and language shift.Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. .


Ancestors

* Proto-Indo-Europeans ( Proto-Indo-European speakers) ** Proto-Indo-Iranians (common ancestors of the Iranian, Nuristani and Indo-Aryan peoples) (
Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Indo-Iranian, also Proto-Indo-Iranic is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian/Indo-Iranic branch of Indo-European. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Indo-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the late 3rd millennium B ...
speakers) *** Proto-Indo-Aryans ( Proto-Indo-Aryan speakers)


Vedic tribes

* Alina people (RV 7.18.7) *
Andhras Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
* Anu (RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5) * Āyu * Bhajeratha * Bhalanas *
Bharatas Bharatha People (, ) also known as Bharatakula and Paravar, is an ethnicity in the island of Sri Lanka. Earlier considered a caste of the Sri Lankan Tamils, they got classified as separate ethnic group in the 2001 census. They are descendant o ...
- The Bharatas are a major Aryan clan mentioned in the Rigveda, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra. The entire Bharata clan is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash (Beas) and Shutudri (Satlej). The Bharatas are mentioned as the protagonists in the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.), where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan clans so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (Epic) tradition. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the Republic of India (see also Etymology of India). * Chedi * Dasa * Dasyu * Dṛbhīka * Druhyus (Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5) *
Gandhara Gandhāra is the name of an ancient region located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, more precisely in present-day north-west Pakistan and parts of south-east Afghanistan. The region centered around the Peshawar Vall ...
* Guṅgu *
Ikshvaku dynasty The Solar dynasty (IAST: Suryavaṃśa or Ravivaṃśa in Sanskrit) or the Ikshvaku dynasty was founded by the legendary king Ikshvaku.Geography of Rigvedic India, M.L. Bhargava, Lucknow 1964, pp. 15-18, 46-49, 92-98, 100-/1, 136 The dynasty is ...
* Krivi * Kīkaṭa *
Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...
* Mahīna * Malankhara * Maujavant * Matsya * Nahuṣa * Paktha * Panis * Pārāvata * Parsu (Parśu) *
Puru Puru refer to: *Puru (Vedic tribe), a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in the Rigveda *King Puru, a Hindu king in the Rigveda and Mahabharata *King Porus, a king of northwest India in the time of Alexander the Great *Puru ( ...
(Pūru) * Ruśama (RV Mandala 8) *
Sārasvata The Saraswat Brahmins are Hindu Brahmins, who are spread over widely separated regions spanning from Kashmir in North India to Konkan in West India to Kanara (coastal region of Karnataka) and Kerala in South India. The word ''Saraswat'' ...
* Srñjaya * Tritsu(RV 7.18, 7.33, 7.83) *
Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
: Of Indo-Aryan origin,Yadu is one of the five early Rigvedic tribes ('' panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the Rigveda. The Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together. The Yadus were a Aryan tribe. By the time of the arrival of the
Puru Puru refer to: *Puru (Vedic tribe), a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in the Rigveda *King Puru, a Hindu king in the Rigveda and Mahabharata *King Porus, a king of northwest India in the time of Alexander the Great *Puru ( ...
and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab, with the Yadus possibly residing along the Yamuna River.In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god
Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes/ref> I ...
is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers. In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by
Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes/ref> I ...
. The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8, and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas. In the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
, the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain
Sudas Sudās Paijavana ( sa, सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (mod ...
.


Pancha Jana (Five tribes)

(पञ्च जना – '' Páñca Jánāḥ'' / ''
Pancha-janah This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
'') The pancha Jana are five tribes inexplicitly listed together during the (
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Punjab and closer regions) (see the map of Early Vedic Period) *
Anu Anu ( akk, , from wikt:𒀭#Sumerian, 𒀭 ''an'' “Sky”, “Heaven”) or Anum, originally An ( sux, ), was the sky father, divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the list of Mesopotamian deities, dei ...
(in the southwest part of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Druhyu (in the north part of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Puru Puru refer to: *Puru (Vedic tribe), a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in the Rigveda *King Puru, a Hindu king in the Rigveda and Mahabharata *King Porus, a king of northwest India in the time of Alexander the Great *Puru ( ...
(ancestors of the Paurava) (in the centre and east parts of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Sarasvati Saraswati ( sa, सरस्वती, ) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati. The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a god ...
river region) * Turvaśa (Turvasha) (in the centre and south parts of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Rigveda. The Turvashas had a tribal union with the
Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
tribe, and were frequently described together. The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe. By the time of the arrival of the
Puru Puru refer to: *Puru (Vedic tribe), a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in the Rigveda *King Puru, a Hindu king in the Rigveda and Mahabharata *King Porus, a king of northwest India in the time of Alexander the Great *Puru ( ...
and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab. By the time of the Shatapatha Brahmana (7th-6th centuries BCE), the Turvashas are linked to the Panchalas. Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel. In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god
Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes/ref> I ...
is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers. In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by
Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes/ref> I ...
. The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8, and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas. *
Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
(in the southeast and south parts of early
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas", After roughly 1500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern India, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing (as well as the number of Indo-Aryan language speakers) and
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Aja Aja or AJA may refer to: Acronyms *AJ Auxerre, a French football club *Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport's IATA airport code *Al Jazeera America, an American news channel *American Jewish Archives *''American Journal of Archaeology'' *, a Germa ...
– (Madhya-desha
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Ambaśṭha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Aṅga – Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vedic Sanskrit term for one of the 5 major tribes in the Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5 (both times listed together with the Druhyu) and, much later also in the Mahabharata.Talageri, S. G. (2005). The Rigveda as a source of Indo-European history. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, 332. In the late Vedic period, one of the Anu kings, King Anga, is mentioned as a " chakravartin" ( AB 8.22). ''Ānava'', the vrddhi derivation of ''Anu'', is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
(7.18.13) and at 8.4.1 with the Turvaśa (tribe). The meaning ánu "living, human" (Naighantu) cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda and may have been derived from the tribal name. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āyu – * Bhajeratha * Bhalana – The Bhalanas were one of the tribes that fought against
Sudas Sudās Paijavana ( sa, सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (mod ...
in the
Dasarajna The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
battle. Some scholars have argued that the Bhalanas lived in Eastern Afghanistan Kabulistan, and that the Bolan Pass derives its name from the Bhalanas. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bharadvāja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bhrigus * Bheda – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bodha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Anu Anu ( akk, , from wikt:𒀭#Sumerian, 𒀭 ''an'' “Sky”, “Heaven”) or Anum, originally An ( sux, ), was the sky father, divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the list of Mesopotamian deities, dei ...
tribe. Some early scholars have placed them in the northwestern region. The later texts, the Epic and the Puranas, locate them in the "north", that is, in Gandhara, Aratta and Setu. (Vishnu Purana IV.17) The Druhyus were driven out of the land of the seven rivers, and their next king, Gandhara, settled in a north-western region which became known as Gandhāra. The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the "northern" (udīcya) region (Bhagavata 9.23.15–16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11–12; Brahmanda 3.74.11–12 and Matsya 48.9.). Recently, some writersTalageri 2000 have ahistorically asserted that the Druhyu are the ancestors of the Iranian, Greek or European peoples, or of the Celtic Druid class.Sanskrit in English
/ref> The word Druid (Gallic Celtic druides), however, is derived from Proto-Indo-European ''vid'' "to see, to know' It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North,. However, there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are "adjacent (āśrita) to the North". (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Madra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Magadha (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mahīna *MalankharaGriffith, R. T. (2009). The Rig-Veda. The Rig Veda. * Matsya (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas", * Pāñcala ( Panchala) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pṛthu ( Prithu) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pūru (Puru) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bharatas Bharatha People (, ) also known as Bharatakula and Paravar, is an ethnicity in the island of Sri Lanka. Earlier considered a caste of the Sri Lankan Tamils, they got classified as separate ethnic group in the 2001 census. They are descendant o ...
– The Bharatas are an Aryan tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage
Vishvamitra Vishvamitra ( sa, विश्वामित्र, ) is one of the most venerated rishis or sages of ancient India. According to Hindu tradition, he is stated to have written most of the Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gayatri Mant ...
and in and Mandala 7.Frawley, D. (2001). The Rig Veda and the History of India: Rig Veda Bharata Itihasa. Aditya Prakashan. ''Bharatá'' is also used as a name of Agni (literally, "to be maintained", viz. the fire having to be kept alive by the care of men), and as a name of Rudra in RV 2.36.8. In one of the " river hymns" RV 3.33, the entire Bharata tribe is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash (Beas) and Shutudri (Satlej). Hymns by Vasistha in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.) mention the Bharatas as the protagonists in the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
, where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan tribes so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (
Epic Epic commonly refers to: * Epic poetry, a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation * Epic film, a genre of film with heroic elements Epic or EPIC may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and medi ...
) tradition, the
Mahābhārata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kuruk ...
, the eponymous ancestor becomes Emperor Bharata, conqueror of 'all of India', and his tribe and kingdom is called Bhārata. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the
Republic of India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
(see also Etymology of India). (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...
– Ancestors of the Kaurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Uttara Kuru (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pandu In the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata'', Pandu ( sa, पाण्डु, Pāṇḍu, pale) was a king of the Kuru Kingdom. He was the foster-father of the five Pandava brothers, who were the boons bestowed upon his wife Kunti by a number of deities ...
– Ancestors of the Pandava (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Tṛtsu (Tritsu) The Tritsus are a sub-group of the
Puru Puru refer to: *Puru (Vedic tribe), a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in the Rigveda *King Puru, a Hindu king in the Rigveda and Mahabharata *King Porus, a king of northwest India in the time of Alexander the Great *Puru ( ...
who are distinct from the
Bharatas Bharatha People (, ) also known as Bharatakula and Paravar, is an ethnicity in the island of Sri Lanka. Earlier considered a caste of the Sri Lankan Tamils, they got classified as separate ethnic group in the 2001 census. They are descendant o ...
mentioned in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda (in hymns 18, 33 and 83). Under king
Sudas Sudās Paijavana ( sa, सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (mod ...
they defeated the confederation of ten kings led by the Bharatas at the
Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
. (Madhya-desha
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Sārasvata The Saraswat Brahmins are Hindu Brahmins, who are spread over widely separated regions spanning from Kashmir in North India to Konkan in West India to Kanara (coastal region of Karnataka) and Kerala in South India. The word ''Saraswat'' ...
– people that dwelt the banks of the
Sarasvati Saraswati ( sa, सरस्वती, ) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati. The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a god ...
river (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Shiva, not to be confused with the God
Śiva Shiva (; sa, शिव, lit=The Auspicious One, Śiva ), also known as Mahadeva (; ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐ, or Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hindu ...
or Shiva) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Srinjaya) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the east of the Indian state of Maharashtra and a Proposed states and union territories of India#Maharashtra, proposed state of central India, comprising th ...
, Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Videha ( Mithila, Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas", From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes expanded even further throughout ancient northern India (see the map 6). * Abhīṣaha ( Abhishaha) / Apanga ('' Vayu'') / Aupadha (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') / Alasa ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āhuka / Kuhaka (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') / Kuhuka ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Alimadra / Anibhadra (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') / Alibhadra ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Aṅga – (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vamana'') * Āntaranarmada / Uttaranarmada (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Sunarmada ('' Vamana'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Antargiri – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Anūpa / Arūpa ('' Matsya''), Annaja ('' Vayu'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Aparānta / Purandhra ('' Matsya''), Aparīta ('' Vayu'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Arthapa / Atharva (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Aśvakūṭa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Ātreya / Atri ('' Matsya'', '' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Audumbara / Audambara / Audumvara – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Auṇḍra – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bahirgiri – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bhadra – (Prachya and Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Eastern and Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bhadrakāra – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bharadvāja – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bhārgava – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bharukaccha / Bhanukaccha ('' Vayu''), Bhīrukahcha (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Dārukachchha ('' Vamana''), Sahakaccha ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bhogavardhana /
Bhokardan Bhokardn is a metropolis in the Indian state of Maharashtra and is one the oldest and historical cities in India. Bhokardn was a part of the Hyderabad state until it joined the India union in 1948.in 1960,it became a part of the newly formed stat ...
(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bhūṣika ( Bhushika) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Bodha / Bāhya ('' Matsya'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Brahmottara / Suhmottara ('' Matsya''), Samantara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Carmakhaṇḍika ( Charmakhandika) / Attakhaṇḍika ('' Matsya''), Sakheṭaka ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Darada Daradas were a people who lived north and north-west to the Kashmir valley. This kingdom is identified to be the Gilgit region, in the Gilgit-Baltistan region (part of ancient Baloristan) along the river Sindhu or Indus. They are often spoke ...
– (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern ''
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Darva – (Himalayan and Northern in '' Vayu'' and ''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'', Parvata-shrayin and Udichya Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Daśeraka ( Dasheraka) / Karseruka ('' Vayu''), Kuśeruka (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Daśamālika ( Dashamalika) / Daśanāmaka ('' Matsya''), Daśamānika ('' Vayu''), Daṅśana ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Daśarṇa (
Dasharna Dasharna (Sanskrit:दशार्ण ) was an ancient Indian janapada (realm) in eastern Malwa region between the Dhasan River and the Betwa River. The name of the janapada was derived from the , the ancient name of the Dhasan River. The jana ...
) (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Druhyu / Hrada ('' Vayu''), Bhadra ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Durga / Durgala ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Ganaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Gāndhāra Gandhar is the 3rd svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Gandhar is the long form of the syllable ग. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Gandhar is pronounced as Ga (notation - G). It is also ...
/ Gandharians ('' Vaēkərəta'' in
Avestan Avestan (), or historically Zend, is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages: Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd millennium BCE) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BCE). They are known only from their conjoined use as the scrip ...
) – the people who lived in
Gāndhāra Gandhar is the 3rd svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Gandhar is the long form of the syllable ग. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Gandhar is pronounced as Ga (notation - G). It is also ...
and spoke
Gandhari Gandhari may refer to: * Gandhari (Mahabharata), a character in the Indian epic ''Mahabharata'' * Gandhari khilla, a hill fort near Bokkalagutta, Telangana, India * Gandhari language, north-western prakrit spoken in Gāndhāra **Kharosthi, or Gan ...
(Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Gonarda / Govinda ('' Vayu''), Gomanta (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Mananda ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Haṃsamārga / Sarvaga (Himalayan) in '' Matsya''; Haṃsamārga (Northern and Himalayan) in '' Vayu'' and ''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''; Karnamārga (Northern) and Haṃsamārga (Himalayan) in '' Vamana''; Haṃsamārga (Himalayan) Haṃsabhaṅga (Northern) in '' Brahmanda'' – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Hāramuṣika ( Haramushika) / Hāramūrtika ('' Matsya''), Hārapūrika ('' Vayu''), Sāmuṣaka ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Huhuka / Samudgaka ('' Matsya''), Sahūdaka ('' Vayu''), Sakṛtraka (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Śahuhūka ('' Vamana''), Sahuhūka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Ijika (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Jaguda / Jāṇgala ('' Matsya''), Juhuḍa ('' Vayu''), Jāguḍa (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Jāṇgala – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Jñeyamarthaka / Jñeyamallaka (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Aṅgiyamarṣaka ('' Vamana''), Gopapārthiva ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kachchhika / Kāchchhīka ('' Matsya''), Kacchīya ('' Vayu''), Kāśmīra (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Kacchipa ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kālatoyaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kaliṅga (central) / Arkalinga (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kaliṅga (southern) – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kalitaka / Kālītaka ('' Vayu''), Anīkaṭa (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Tālīkaṭa ('' Vamana''), Kuntala ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kalivana / Kolavana ('' Vayu''), Kālivala (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Vāridhana ('' Vamana''), Kalivana ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kantakara / Kanṭakāra ('' Matsya''), Raddhakaṭaka ('' Vayu''), Bahubhadra (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Kādhara ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kāraskara / Paraṣkara ('' Vayu''), Kaṭhākṣara (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Karandhara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kārūṣa (
Karusha The Karusha Kingdom is one of the Yadava kingdoms of the Mahabharata epic. It is placed to the south of Chedi. Karusha king Dantavakra supported Chedi king Shishupala and was killed by Vasudeva Krishna. Karusha Kingdom is identified as modern Da ...
), later
Cedi The cedi ( ) (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). After independenc ...
( Chedi) – Southern and Vindhyan Āryāvarta ('' Matsya'') (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern ''
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kāśi (
Kashi Kashi or Kaashi may refer to: Places * Varanasi (historically known as "Kashi"), a holy city in India **Kingdom of Kashi, an ancient kingdom in the same place, one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas **Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi * Kashgar, a cit ...
) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kasmira ( Kashmira / Kāmīra) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kathas – in the River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kauśika – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kekeya / Kaikeyya ('' Matsya''), Kaikeya (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Kaikeya ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Khaśa / Khasha – Khaśa ('' Vamana''), Śaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kisaṇṇa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Koṅkaṇa – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kośala (Central) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kośala (Vindhyan) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kukkuṭa – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kulūta / Ulūta ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kulya – only Central in ''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''; only Southern in '' Vamana'' and '' Brahmanda'' – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kuninda / Pulinda ('' Matsya''), Kaliṅga (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Kalinda ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kuśalya ( Kushalya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kuśūdra ( Kushudra) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kuthaprāvaraṇa / Kuśaprāvaraṇa ('' Vayu''), Kuntaprāvaraṇa (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Apaprāvaraṇa ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Lalhitta – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Lampāka / Lamaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Madguraka / Mudgara (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Mudagaraka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Madras Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...
– in the River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mādreya – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Magadha / Central and Eastern in '' Vayu'' and '' Brahmanda'' – Magadha (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Maharāṣṭra (
Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...
) / Navarāṣṭra ('' Matsya'') –
Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...
(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Māheya – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mālada / Mālava ( Matsya), Manada (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Mansāda ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Malaka – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Malavartika – Mallavarṇaka ('' Matsya''), Mālavartin ('' Vayu''), Mānavartika (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Baladantika ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mālava / Western Malla (known as Malloí by the ancient Greeks and Malli by ancient Romans) – they were a people from southern Punjab, including today's Multan city ('' Mallorum Metropolis'') and region, south of the confluence of the
Jhelum Jhelum ( Punjabi and ur, ) is a city on the east bank of the Jhelum River, which is located in the district of Jhelum in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is the 44th largest city of Pakistan by population. Jhelum is known for p ...
, Hydaspes for the Greeks, and
Ravi Ravi may refer to: People * Ravi (name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Ravi (composer) (1926–2012), Indian music director * Ravi (Ivar Johansen) (born 1976), Norwegian musical artist * Ravi (music director) (1926–201 ...
,
Hydraotes The Ravi River () is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of five rivers associated with the Punjab region. Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the waters of the Ravi and two other rivers were ...
for the Greeks, rivers (see map 8), they are mentioned by ancient Greek historiansIan Worthington 2014, p. 219.Peter Green 2013, p. 418. in the telling of Alexander III of Macedon's or Alexander the Great (
Iskandar Iskandar, Iskander, Askander, Eskinder, or Scandar ( ar, إسكندر ( fa, اسکندر ''Eskandar'' or سکندر ''Skandar''), is a variant of the given name Alexander in cultures such as Iran (Persia), Arabia and others throughout the Middle Ea ...
) Mallian Campaign; Malada ('' Brahmanda''), Ekalavya ('' Vamana'') (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Eastern Malla) * Malla / Eastern Malla / Śālva ('' Matsya''), Māla ('' Vayu''), Māia ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mālava or Malavas of Western Ancient India – Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Maṇḍala A mandala ( sa, मण्डल, maṇḍala, circle, ) is a geometric configuration of symbols. In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be employed for focusing attention of practitioners and adepts, as a spiritual guidance tool, for e ...
/ Mālava ('' Vayu''), Mālava (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Māṇḍavya – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Māṣa (
Masha In Russian, Masha () is a diminutive of Maria. It has been used as a nickname or as a pet name for women named Maria or Marie. An alternative spelling in the Latin alphabet is "Macha". In Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, "Maša" is a diminutive of "Mar ...
) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mātaṅga – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya / Yatstha ('' Vamana'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mekala / Rokala ('' Vayu''), Kevala (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mūka – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Nāsikānta ('' Vamana''), Nāsika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Nihāra (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pāñcala ( Panchala) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Pāravata ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pūru (Puru) – Ancestors of the Paurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Paurava – Descendants of the
Puru Puru refer to: *Puru (Vedic tribe), a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in the Rigveda *King Puru, a Hindu king in the Rigveda and Mahabharata *King Porus, a king of northwest India in the time of Alexander the Great *Puru ( ...
(Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...
('' Vamana'') – Ancestors of the Kaurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Kaurava ('' Vamana'') – Descendants of the
Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...
(Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pandu In the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata'', Pandu ( sa, पाण्डु, Pāṇḍu, pale) was a king of the Kuru Kingdom. He was the foster-father of the five Pandava brothers, who were the boons bestowed upon his wife Kunti by a number of deities ...
– Ancestors of the Pandava (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Pandava – Descendants of
Pandu In the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata'', Pandu ( sa, पाण्डु, Pāṇḍu, pale) was a king of the Kuru Kingdom. He was the foster-father of the five Pandava brothers, who were the boons bestowed upon his wife Kunti by a number of deities ...
(Udichya Āryāvarta and Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'' and '' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya'' and '' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Aṅgalaukika ('' Vamana''), Aṅgalaukika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Pulinda (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Pulīya ('' Vamana''), Pauleya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Rūpapa (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Rūpaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Śūlika (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Jhillika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Ṣaṭsura ('' Vayu''), Paṭava (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Bahela ('' Vamana'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Sumīna (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Sinīla ('' Vamana''), Kirāta ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Sūryāraka (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Sūryāraka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Turasita ('' Vayu''), Kurumini (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Tubhamina ('' Vamana''), Karīti ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Stanapa ('' Vayu''), Tāvakarāma ('' Vamana''), Tālaśāla ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Tomara ('' Vamana''), Tāmara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Gurguṇa (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Tāpaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Brahmanda'' – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Brahmanda'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vayu''), Kholliśa ('' Vamana'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vamana'' – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Rāṅgeya (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Vojñeya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Videha – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mithila / Tirabhukti) *Vṛka (tribe), Vṛka (Vrika (tribe), Vrika) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
**Haihayas / Heheya (Talajangha) ***Avanti (India), Avanti – Clan of the Haihayas (Central and Vindhyan Āryāvarta in '' Matsya'') ***Bhoja (tribe), Bhoja / Gopta (tribe), Gopta ('' Vamana'') (Gupta) – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Vamana'') ***Sharyatas (clan), Sharyatas – Clan of the Haihayas. ****Anarta, Ānarta / Āvantya in ''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'', '' Vamana'' – Subclan of the Sharyatas (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Matsya''), Tuṣṭikāra (''
Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
'') – Clan of the Haihayas. (Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...
''), Vītahotra ('' Vamana'') – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhyan
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Cedi The cedi ( ) (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). After independenc ...
( Chedi) / Chaidyas (tribe), Chaidyas **Shashabindu (tribe), Shashabindu / Shashabindava – **Vaidarbha (tribe), Vaidarbha / Vidarbha (tribe), Vidarbha ( Mahabharata) –
Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the east of the Indian state of Maharashtra and a Proposed states and union territories of India#Maharashtra, proposed state of central India, comprising th ...
(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
***Abhira tribe, Ābhīra – (Udichya and Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Northern and Southern
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas", महाजनपद – Mahajanapada Shodasa Mahajanapadas (Sixteen Mahajanapadas) The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities (initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes) had conquered many others. According to the ''Anguttara Nikaya'', ''Digha Nikaya'', ''Chulla-Niddesa'' (Buddhist Canon) *Anga *Assaka (or Assaka, Asmaka) *Avanti Kingdom (Mahabharata), Avanti *Chedi Kingdom, Chetiya ( Chedi /
Cedi The cedi ( ) (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). After independenc ...
) *Gandhara *Kambojas, Kamboja (possibly ancestral of Nuristani) *Varanasi, Kashi / Varanasi, Kasi *Kosala *
Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...
*Matsya (tribe), Maccha ( Matsya) *Magadha Kingdom, Magadha * Malla * Panchala (Panchala Kingdom (Mahabharata), Pañcāla) *Surasena *Vajjika League, Vajji (Vajjika League, Vṛji)) **Licchavi (tribe), Licchavis (tribe) *Vatsa, Vamsha (Vatsa) According to the ''Vyākhyāprajñapti'' / ''Bhagavati Sutra'' (Jain text) *Accha *Anga *Avaha *Vajjika League, Bajji (Vajjika League, Vajji / Vajjika League, Vriji) **Licchavi (tribe), Licchavis (tribe) *Vanga Kingdom, Banga / Vanga Kingdom, Vanga *Varanasi, Kasi / Varanasi, Kashi *Kochcha *Kosala *Lata (region), Ladha / Lata (region), Lata * Magadha *Malavaka *Malaya (Mahajanapada), Malaya (located in the Malaya mountains, southernmost part of the Western Ghats, part of the same was called the Sahya Mountains, Southern India) (probably Dravidian and Non-Indo-Aryan) *Malla (tribe), Moli / Malla *Padha *Sambhuttara *Vatsa, Vaccha (Vatsa)


Mentions by Ancient Greek authors (Classical Age)

Northwest Ancient India – Indus River Basin *Glausae (Glausaí) (may have been the Gandhari people, Gandhari?) * Malloí / Malli (known as Mālava / Western Malla by Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryans in ancient India) – they were a people from southern Punjab, including today's Multan city ('' Mallorum Metropolis'') and region, south of the confluence of the
Jhelum Jhelum ( Punjabi and ur, ) is a city on the east bank of the Jhelum River, which is located in the district of Jhelum in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is the 44th largest city of Pakistan by population. Jhelum is known for p ...
, Hydaspes for the Greeks, and
Ravi Ravi may refer to: People * Ravi (name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Ravi (composer) (1926–2012), Indian music director * Ravi (Ivar Johansen) (born 1976), Norwegian musical artist * Ravi (music director) (1926–201 ...
,
Hydraotes The Ravi River () is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of five rivers associated with the Punjab region. Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the waters of the Ravi and two other rivers were ...
for the Greeks, rivers (see map 9), they are mentioned by ancient Greek historians in the Mallian Campaign of Alexander III of Macedon (
Iskandar Iskandar, Iskander, Askander, Eskinder, or Scandar ( ar, إسكندر ( fa, اسکندر ''Eskandar'' or سکندر ''Skandar''), is a variant of the given name Alexander in cultures such as Iran (Persia), Arabia and others throughout the Middle Ea ...
); Malada ('' Brahmanda''), Ekalavya ('' Vamana'') (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Eastern Malla) *Oxydracae (Oxydrakaí) (may have been the Śudra (people), Śudra (Shudra (people), Shudra / Sudra (people), Sudra) / Suhya ('' Brahmanda''), not to be confused with the Shudra, a Varna (Hinduism), Varna) *Sattagydia, Sattagydans – people that dwelt in Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš; th = θ, from θata – "hundred" and guš – "cows", country of the People of "Hundred Cows"), may have been an Indo-Aryan people of Sindh with Iranian influence or the opposite, an Iranian people of Sindh with Indo-Aryan influence. *Sibae / Sobii (Sibaí / Sivaí / Sobioí / Sivioí) (may have been the Śiva (people), Śiva or Shiva (people), Shiva people of Early Janapadas?) (not to be confused with the God
Śiva Shiva (; sa, शिव, lit=The Auspicious One, Śiva ), also known as Mahadeva (; ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐ, or Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hindu ...
or Shiva) Other regions of Ancient India (''India Intra Gangem'') *Pragii / Prasii (Pragioí / Prasioí) (may have been the people of Pragjyotisha Kingdom, Prāgjyotiṣa or Pragjyotisha Kingdom, Pragjyotisha, Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa?)


Possible Indo-Aryan or other peoples / tribes / clans

*Alina (RV 7.18.7) (RV = Rigveda) – They were one of the tribes defeated by
Sudas Sudās Paijavana ( sa, सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (mod ...
of the Bharatas at the
Dasarajna The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
(Ten Kings Battle).A. A. Macdonell and A. B. Keith (1912). ''Vedic Index of Names and Subjects''. It is suggested that they lived to the north-east of the Kambojas (possible ancestors of the Nuristani that live in Nurestan Province, Nurestan) because in the 7th century CE, the land was mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang. It is possible that they are connected with the Alans or Alani people who are a nomadic Iranian tribe. Alans is a dialectal cognate of Aryāna, itself derived from the root arya-, meaning 'Aryan', the common self-designation of Indo-Iranian peoples. It probably came in use in the early history of the Alans for the purpose of uniting a heterogeneous group of tribes through the invocation of a common, ancestral 'Aryan' origin. The historian S. Talageri identifies them with the Greeks (Hellenes). However, the dating of the Rigveda and the hypothetical historic time for the
Dasarajna The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
(Battle of Ten Kings) occurred millennia before Hellenes were recorded in India. *Parsu (Parśu) – The Parsus have been connected with the Persians based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription from 844 BC referring to the Persians as Parshu, and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I of Persia referring to Parsa as the home of the Persians. Pârsâ, is the Old Persian name for the Persis region Pars province as well as the root for the term Persian. *Shakya – a clan of Iron Age in India, Iron Age India (1st millennium BCE), habitating an area in Greater Magadha, on the foothills of the Himalaya mountains. This is also the clan in which Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Buddha or Shakyamuni – Sage of the Shakyas) (c. 6th to 4th centuries BCE) was born into, whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism. According to Chandra Das, the name "Shakya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śakya," which means "the one who is capable". Some scholars argue that the Shakya were of Scythian cultures, Scythian (Saka) origin (part of the Iranian peoples) and assimilated into Indo-Aryan peoples.Christopher I. Beckwith, "Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia", 2016, pp 1–21 *Sogdi (Sogdoí), people that inhabited where is today the Sibi Division valley in Balochistan, between Balochistan and Sindh, and most of the Larkana Division, and parts of the Sukkur Division to the west of the Indus river, in Sindh (see map 8), their main city was called Sogdorum Regia (maybe today's Sukkur) by the ancient Greek and Roman authors, and was on the Indus river banks. They may have been an Indo-Aryan people of the Indus valley with a coincidental name with the Sogdians, or, as the name could tell, a branch of the Sogdians, the "Indus Sogdians", in a region of the west Indus valley. *Kambojas, Kāmboja (Kamboja) (ancestors of the Nuristani and Kamboj people, Kamboj peoples, sometimes included in the Indo-Aryan peoples, or of the Pamiris, Iranian Pamirian peoples – Pamiris or Pamiri people, Badakhshani people)


Hypothetical Indo-Aryans

*Mitanni Indo-Aryans (c. 1500–1300 BCE) – hypothetical ancient people of the northern Middle East in the Mitanni kingdom (part of today's far western Iran, northwestern Iraq, northern Syria and southeastern Turkey), that spoke the hypothetical Mitanni Indo-Aryan (a language that was superstrate of Hurrian language, Hurrian, a non-Indo-European language) and merged with the Hurrians, many of them as a social elite, in the course of the Indo-Aryan migration (towards West in this case).


See also

*Ramayana *
Āryāvarta Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "abode of the Aryans, Aryas",Mahabharata *Vedic period *Bharatavarsha *Chakravartin *Bharata Khanda *Iron Age India *Avestan geography *History of Hinduism *Indo-Aryan migration *Indus Valley civilization *Janapada & Mahajanapada *Monarchy in ancient India *Historicity of the Mahabharata


References


Further reading

*Anthony, David W. (2007). ''The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World''. Princeton University Press *Frawley David: ''The Rig Veda and the History of India'', 2001. (Aditya Prakashan), *Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture''. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. *Misra, Sudama (1973). ''Janapada state in ancient India''. Vārāṇasī: Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. *Pargiter, F.E. [1922] 1979. ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition''. New Delhi: Cosmo. *Parpola, Asko (2015), ''The Roots of Hinduism. The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization'', Oxford University Press *Talageri, Shrikant: ''The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis'' 2000, {{ISBN, 81-7742-010-0 [6]; --Aryan Invasion Theory and Indian Nationalism. 1993. Indo-Aryan peoples Lists of ancient Indo-European peoples and tribes Lists of ancient people