Třinec (; pl, Trzyniec ; german: Trzynietz) is a city in
Frýdek-Místek District
Frýdek-Místek District ( cs, okres Frýdek-Místek, pl, powiat Frydek-Mistek) is a district (''okres'') within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Frýdek-Místek. It was created by a refo ...
in the
Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region ( cs, Moravskoslezský kraj; pl, Kraj morawsko-śląski; sk, Moravsko-sliezsky kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region ( cs, Ostravský ...
of the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 34,000 inhabitants and is the least populated
statutory city in the country.
The city is an important cultural centre of the
Polish minority in Trans-Olza, which makes up 12.1% of the population (as of 2021).
Třinec is notable for the
Třinec Iron and Steel Works
Třinec Iron and Steel Works (TŽ) ( cs, Třinecké železárny, pl, Huta trzyniecka) is a producer of long rolled steel products in Třinec, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. TŽ produces over a third of all steel produced in the Cze ...
steel plant, the largest in the country, which still has a major impact on the city, on its character, demographics, and
air quality
Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types ...
.
Administrative parts
Třinec is made up of thirteen town parts and villages:
*
Dolní Líštná
*
Guty
*
Horní Líštná
( Polish: , german: Ober Lischna) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Třinec in 1960. It lies on the border with Poland, in the ...
* Kanada
*
Karpentná
(Polish language, Polish: ) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Třinec in 1980. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Sile ...
*
Kojkovice
(Polish: ) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the border with Poland. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Třinec (Trzyniec) in 1960. It lies in the historical ...
*
Konská
*
Lyžbice
(Polish: , german: Lischbitz) is a part of the town of Třinec in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It was a separate municipality but later became administratively a part of the town of Třin ...
*
Nebory
*
Oldřichovice
* Osůvky
*
Staré Město
*
Tyra
Etymology
The name Třinec is of topographic origin, derived from the Slavic word for
reed
Reed or Reeds may refer to:
Science, technology, biology, and medicine
* Reed bird (disambiguation)
* Reed pen, writing implement in use since ancient times
* Reed (plant), one of several tall, grass-like wetland plants of the order Poales
* ...
(Polish: ''trzcina'', Czech: ''třtina'').
Geography
Třinec is located in the historical region of
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia ( pl, Śląsk Cieszyński ; cs, Těšínské Slezsko or ; german: Teschener Schlesien or ) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český T ...
. It lies on the
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
border and also near the
Slovak border, which is about of the city centre. It is situated approximately away from the city of
Ostrava
Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rive ...
and about from
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
.
Třinec lies on the
Olza Olza may refer to:
*Olza (river), a river in the Czech Republic and Poland
*Olza, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in Poland
*Cendea de Olza/Oltza Zendea, a municipality in Spain
*SS Olza, SS ''Olza'', a Polish ship
{{disambig ...
River. The elevation of the built-up area is approximately above
sea level
Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised g ...
. The northern part of the municipal territory is located in the
Moravian-Silesian Foothills
Moravian-Silesian Foothills ( cz, Podbeskydská pahorkatina, pl, Pogórze Morawsko-Śląskie) are foothills and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic.
Geomorphology
The region represents the westernmost section of the Western Bes ...
. The southern, sparsely populated part is located in the
Moravian-Silesian Beskids
The Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech: , sk, Moravsko-sliezske Beskydy) is a mountain range in the Czech Republic with a small part reaching to Slovakia. It lies on the historical division between Moravia and Silesia, hence the name. It is part o ...
mountain range and in the
Beskydy Protected Landscape Area. The municipal border runs along the peaks of several mountains, including Ostrý (with an elevation of the highest point in Třinec), Smrčina, at , Šindelná, at , and Javorový, at .
Climate
Třinec has a
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(''Cfb'' in the
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
).
History
The first written mention of Třinec is from 1444, but the village was probably founded already in the second half of the 14th century.
Politically, the village then belonged to the
Duchy of Teschen
The Duchy of Teschen (german: Herzogtum Teschen), also Duchy of Cieszyn ( pl, Księstwo Cieszyńskie) or Duchy of Těšín ( cs, Těšínské knížectví), was one of the Duchies of Silesia centered on Cieszyn () in Upper Silesia. It was split o ...
, a
fee
A fee is the price one pays as remuneration for rights or services. Fees usually allow for overhead, wages, costs, and markup. Traditionally, professionals in the United Kingdom (and previously the Republic of Ireland) receive a fee in contra ...
of the
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czec ...
, which after 1526 became part of the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
. In 1770, the village had about 200 inhabitants and was completely agricultural.
[
The area was rich in ]iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...
deposits and had sufficient water energy and a high supply of wood, which were the main reasons to establish an iron works
An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made. The term is both singular and plural, i.e. the singular of ''ironworks'' is ''ironworks''.
Ironworks succeeded bloomeri ...
there. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest in the entire Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia ( pl, Śląsk Cieszyński ; cs, Těšínské Slezsko or ; german: Teschener Schlesien or ) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český T ...
, and became a major milestone in the history of the village, which reoriented itself to industry. After the construction of the Košice–Bohumín Railway
The Košice–Bohumín Railway ( cs, Košicko-bohumínská dráha, sk, Košicko-bohumínska železnica, pl, Kolej koszycko-bogumińska, german: Kaschau-Oderberger Bahn, hu, Kassa-Oderbergi Vasút) can refer to:
*originally: A private railway com ...
line in 1871, rapid development of the town took place.
After the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia, (historically also ''Oesterreichisch-Schlesien, Oesterreichisch Schlesien, österreichisch Schlesien''); cs, Rakouské Slezsko; pl, Śląsk Austriacki officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, (historically ''Herzogth ...
. The village as a municipality was added to the political
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...
and legal district
A judicial district or legal district denotes the territorial area for which a legal court (usually a district court) has jurisdiction.
By region Europe Austria
In texts concerning Austria, "judicial district" (german: Gerichtsbezirk) refers ...
of Cieszyn
Cieszyn ( , ; cs, Těšín ; german: Teschen; la, Tessin; szl, Ćeszyn) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitant ...
. According to censuses conducted in 1880–1910, the population of the municipality grew from 1,792 in 1880 to 3,849 in 1910, with a majority being native Polish speakers (growing from 51.4% in 1880 to 96.6% in 1900 and 96% in 1910), accompanied by a German-speaking minority (at most 32.5% in 1880, then dropping to 12.2% in 1900, and up to 24.3% in 1910) and Czech speakers (peaking in 1890 at 17.4%, then dropping to 6.7% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(63.2%), followed by Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
(34.5%), and Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
(1.9%). The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs
The Cieszyn Vlachs ( pl, Wałasi cieszyńscy, cs, Těšínští Valaši) are a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów, one of the four major ethnographic groups in Cieszyn Silesia, the on ...
, speaking the Cieszyn Silesian dialect
The Cieszyn Silesian dialect or Teschen Silesian dialect (Cieszyn Silesian: ''cieszyńsko rzecz''; pl, gwara cieszyńska or '; cs, těšínské nářečí; Silesian: ''ćeszyński djalekt'') is one of the Silesian dialects. It has its roots ...
.
After World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the fall of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, the Polish–Czechoslovak War
The Poland–Czechoslovakia War, also known mostly in Czech sources as the Seven-day war ( cs, Sedmidenní válka) was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland over the territory of Cieszyn Silesia in early 1919.
After a vai ...
, and the division of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia ( pl, Śląsk Cieszyński ; cs, Těšínské Slezsko or ; german: Teschener Schlesien or ) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český T ...
in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
. In 1931, Třinec was promoted to a town.
Following the Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, Germany, the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Fa ...
in October 1938, together with the Zaolzie
Trans-Olza ( pl, Zaolzie, ; cs, Záolží, ''Záolší''; german: Olsa-Gebiet; Cieszyn Silesian: ''Zaolzi''), also known as Trans-Olza Silesia (Polish: ''Śląsk Zaolziański''), is a territory in the Czech Republic, which was disputed betwee ...
region, it was annexed by Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of the Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province ( pl, województwo śląskie ) is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centered on the historic region known as Upper Silesia ('), with Katowice serving as its capital.
Despite the Silesian ...
. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
at the beginning of World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
.
In 1946, the villages of Lyžbice
(Polish: , german: Lischbitz) is a part of the town of Třinec in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It was a separate municipality but later became administratively a part of the town of Třin ...
, Dolní Líštná, and Konská were joined to Třinec. In 1956–1977, a large housing estate was built in Lyžbice, and it became the most populated town part of Třinec. Afterwards, Lyžbice became a new downtown
''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business distric ...
, taking the place of Staré Město (lit. "old town").
The municipalities of Guty, Karpentná
(Polish language, Polish: ) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Třinec in 1980. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Sile ...
, Nebory, Oldřichovice, Ropice
( pl, , german: Roppitz) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,700 inhabitants.
Polish minority makes up 19.6% of the population.
Etymology
The name is ...
, Tyra, and Vendryně
Vendryně ( pl, ) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,500 inhabitants. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia on the banks of the Olza River. ...
were joined to Třinec in 1980. However, Vendryně became an independent municipality in 1995 and Ropice followed in 2000. In 2018, Třinec became a statutory city.
Demographics
Economy
The Třinec Iron and Steel Works
Třinec Iron and Steel Works (TŽ) ( cs, Třinecké železárny, pl, Huta trzyniecka) is a producer of long rolled steel products in Třinec, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. TŽ produces over a third of all steel produced in the Cze ...
company is one of the largest employers in the Czech Republic. Including smaller production plants outside Třinec, the company employ 7,000 people (as of 2021).
Culture
The year's biggest event is the ''Hutnický den'' ("Metallurgy Day"), which features numerous live performances from bands and artists from all over the country and abroad. It takes place every year in May, but was not held in 2020 and 2021.
From 1993 to 2012, one of the oldest and most famous rock festivals in the Czech Republic, ''Noc plná hvězd'' ("star-studded night"), was held here every year.
Sport
The city is represented by the successful ice hockey team HC Oceláři Třinec
HC Oceláři Třinec (''Třinec Steelers'') is a Czech ice hockey team from Třinec who play in the Czech Extraliga, the top tier of Czech ice hockey. Their home arena is the Werk Arena. The team's main sponsors are the local Třinec Iron and Stee ...
, which has been playing in the Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga ( cs, Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created by the 1993 split of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League following the breakup of Czechoslovakia. The leag ...
since 1995 and has won four times. Oceláři (Steelers) play their home games at Werk Arena
Werk Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Třinec, Czech Republic. The capacity of the arena is 5,400 people.
History
The arena was built in 2014. It is currently home to the HC Oceláři Třinec ice hockey team. Also, it hosted the Cze ...
, which opened in 2014 and has a seating capacity of 5,400. The arena also hosted the Team Czech Republic at the 2016 Davis Cup World Group.
The city's football team, FK Třinec, plays in the Czech National Football League
The Czech National Football League ( cs, Fotbalová národní liga, ''FNL''), currently known as Fortuna národní liga due to sponsorship reasons, is the second level professional association football league in the Czech Republic. Before 2013 it ...
(second tier of the Czech football system).
The floorball club FBC Intevo Třinec plays in the third tier of the men's competition and in the second tier of the women's competition. The team plays its home games in the SH STARS sports hall.
Třinec also has an athletics
Athletics may refer to:
Sports
* Sport of athletics, a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking
** Track and field, a sub-category of the above sport
* Athletics (physical culture), competi ...
club, founded in 1951. Sports that have a tradition in Třinec include orienteering, weightlifting, Greco-Roman wrestling, road cycling, and chess.
Sights
Třinec is poor in monuments. The main historic landmark is the Church of Saint Albert, built in the 1880s.
A notable building is the wooden Church of Corpus Cristi in Guty. The original church from the 16th century was destroyed by a deliberate fire in 2017. In 2021, a replica was completed on its site.
In 1969, Třinec Iron and Steel Works opened a company museum, which has been jointly operated with the city as the museum of both the company and the city since 1992.
Notable people
* Tadeusz Kraus (1932–2018), footballer
* Eduard Ovčáček
Eduard Ovčáček (5 March 1933 – 5 December 2022) was a Czech graphic artist, sculptor, lettrist, painter, and professor at the University of Ostrava.
His main artistic focus was classical graphic art, visual and concrete poetry, serigraphic ...
(born 1933), graphic artist, sculptor, lettrist, and painter
* Michaela Dolinová (born 1964), actress and TV presenter
* Petr Šiška (born 1965), TV presenter and musician
* Petr Pravec
Petr Pravec (born September 17, 1967) is a Czech astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets, born in Třinec, Czech Republic.
Pravec is a prolific discoverer of binary asteroids, expert in photometric observations and rotational lightcurves a ...
(born 1967), astronomer
* Roman Sikora (born 1970), playwright
* Jana Cieslarová (born 1971), orienteer
* Edvard Lasota (born 1971), footballer
* Vojtěch Kučera (born 1975), poet
* Czeslaw Walek (born 1975), lawyer and LGBT activist
* Martin Staszko (born 1976), professional poker player
* Lenka Cenková (born 1977), tennis player
* David Szurman (born 1981), ice dancer
* Lukáš Rakowski
Lukáš Rakowski (born 8 September 1982) is a Czech former competitive figure skater. He won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series and three Czech national senior titles (1999–2001). He reached the free skate at five ISU Cham ...
(born 1982), figure skater
* Václav Svěrkoš
Václav Svěrkoš (; born 1 November 1983) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a striker. He was the opening scorer in the Euro 2008 tournament.
Club career Czech First League
Born in Třinec, Svěrkoš started his career ...
(born 1983), footballer
* Tomáš Klus
Tomáš Klus (born 15 May 1986) is a Czech musician and songwriter from the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.
Life and career
Klus was born in the industrial town of Třinec, where he spent most of his childhood. His parents were ...
(born 1986), musician
* Soňa Pertlová (1988–2011), chess player
* Ewa Farna
Ewa Farna (born 12 August 1993) is a Polish-Czech pop-rock singer. She released five Polish-language and four Czech-language studio albums, and received platinum and gold certifications for them, both in Poland and the Czech Republic. Farna i ...
(born 1993), Polish-Czech singer
* Adam Gawlas (born 2002), darts player
* Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.
It is the fifth largest fre ...
(formed 2013), indie pop band
Twin towns – sister cities
Třinec is twinned with:
* Bielsko-Biała
Bielsko-Biała (; cs, Bílsko-Bělá, german: Bielitz-Biala, szl, Bjylsko-Bjoło) is a city in southern Poland, with a population of approximately 168,319 as of December 2021, making it the 22nd largest city in Poland, and an area of . It is a ...
, Poland
* Žilina
Žilina (; hu, Zsolna, ; german: Sillein, or ; pl, Żylina , names in other languages) is a city in north-western Slovakia, around from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Sl ...
, Slovakia
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trinec
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic