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Trans-Olza
Trans-Olza ( pl, Zaolzie, ; cs, Záolží, ''Záolší''; german: Olsa-Gebiet; Cieszyn Silesian dialect, Cieszyn Silesian: ''Zaolzi''), also known as Trans-Olza Silesia (Polish language, Polish: ''Śląsk Zaolziański''), is a territory in the Czech Republic, which was disputed between Second Polish Republic, Poland and First Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia during the Interwar Period. Its name comes from the Olza (river), Olza River. The Trans-Olza region was created in 1920, when Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland. Trans-Olza forms the eastern part of the Czech portion of Cieszyn Silesia. The division did not satisfy any side, and persisting conflict over the region led to its annexation by Poland in October 1938, following the Munich Agreement. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the area became a part of Nazi Germany until 1945. After the war, the 1920 borders were restored. Historically, the largest specified ethnic group inhabiting this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olza (river)
The ( cs, Olše, german: Olsa) is a river in Poland and the Czech Republic, a right (eastern) tributary of the River Oder. It flows from the Silesian Beskids mountains through southern Cieszyn Silesia in Poland and the Frýdek-Místek and Karviná districts of the Czech Republic, often forming the border with Poland. It flows into the Oder River north of Bohumín. The Olza-Oder confluence also forms a part of the border. The river is a symbol of the Zaolzie ( pl, Trans-Olza) region, which lies on its west bank, constituting a part of the western half of Cieszyn Silesia, as depicted in the words of the unofficial anthem of this region and of local Poles, '' Płyniesz Olzo po dolinie'' (Thou flowest, Olza, down the valley), written by Jan Kubisz. The Olza has also inspired many other artists. Among those who have written about the river are Adolf Fierla, Pola Gojawiczyńska, Emanuel Grim, Julian Przyboś, Vladislav Vančura, and Adam Wawrosz. The singer Jaromír Nohavica has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cieszyn Silesian Dialect
The Cieszyn Silesian dialect or Teschen Silesian dialect (Cieszyn Silesian: ''cieszyńsko rzecz''; pl, gwara cieszyńska or '; cs, těšínské nářečí; Silesian: ''ćeszyński djalekt'') is one of the Silesian dialects. It has its roots mainly in Old Polish and also has strong influences from Czech and German and, to a lesser extent, from Vlach and Slovak. It is spoken in Cieszyn Silesia, a region on both sides of the Polish-Czech border. It remains mostly a spoken language. The dialect is better preserved today than traditional dialects of many other West Slavic regions.Hannan 1996, p. 191 On the Czech side of the border (in Zaolzie) it is spoken mainly by the Polish minority, where it was and still is strongly influenced mainly by Czech (mainly lexicon and syntax). It is used to reinforce a feeling of regional solidarity. Polish and Czech linguists differ in their views on the classification of the dialect. Most Czech linguists make a distinction between the dialect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migration Period
The Migration Period was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms. The term refers to the important role played by the migration, invasion, and settlement of various tribes, notably the Franks, Goths, Alemanni, Alans, Huns, early Slavs, Pannonian Avars, Magyars, and Bulgars within or into the former Western Empire and Eastern Europe. The period is traditionally taken to have begun in AD 375 (possibly as early as 300) and ended in 568. Various factors contributed to this phenomenon of migration and invasion, and their role and significance are still widely discussed. Historians differ as to the dates for the beginning and ending of the Migration Period. The beginning of the period is widely regarded as the invasion of Europe by the Huns from Asia in about 375 and the ending with the conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frýdek-Místek District
Frýdek-Místek District ( cs, okres Frýdek-Místek, pl, powiat Frydek-Mistek) is a district ('' okres'') within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Frýdek-Místek. It was created by a reform of administrative divisions in 1960. Until the reform, it was a part of Český Těšín District which ceased to exist with the reform. The creation of the Frýdek-Místek District redrew ethnic lines in the region. Český Těšín District covered the exact southern part of Zaolzie area and Poles were proportionately more numerous there than in the newly gerrymandered Frýdek-Místek District, which also encompasses the ethnically pure Czech areas west of Zaolzie. Complete list of municipalities Baška – Bílá – Bocanovice – Brušperk – Bruzovice – Bukovec – Bystřice – Čeladná – Dobrá – Dobratice – Dolní Domaslavice – Dolní Lomná – Dolní Tošanovice – Fryčovice – Frýdek-Místek – Frýdla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karviná District
Karviná District ( cs, okres Karviná, pl, powiat Karwina) is a district ('' okres'') within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the city of Karviná. It was created by 1960 reform of administrative divisions in the area of former Fryštát District. Karviná District is part of Czech Silesia. The Karviná District is facing a fast population decline. The population decreased between 2010 and 2019. In 2019, there was 23,445 people (8.6%). Complete list of municipalities Albrechtice – Bohumín – Český Těšín – Chotěbuz – Dětmarovice – Dolní Lutyně – Doubrava – Havířov – Horní Bludovice – Horní Suchá – Karviná – Orlová – Petrovice u Karviné – Petřvald – Rychvald – Stonava – Těrlicko Těrlicko (; pl, , german: Tierlitzko) is a municipality in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. Administrative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fryštát
Fryštát (; pl, Frysztat ; german: Freistadt ; Cieszyn Silesian: ) is an administrative part of the city of Karviná in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Until 1948 it was a separate town. It lies on the Olza River, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. History It was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called '' Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' from around 1305 as ''item Frienstad in Ray''. It meant that the a new town was being founded on the ground of the older village Ráj (''Ray''). The creation of the town was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what will be later known as Upper Silesia. Politically it belonged initially to the Duchy of Cieszyn, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In the document from 1327 when Duke Casimir I became a vassal of the King of Bohemia it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Český Těšín District
Český Těšín District ( cs, Okres Český Těšín, pl, Powiat Czeski Cieszyn) was a district (''okres'') of Czechoslovakia existing between 1920–1938 and 1945–1960. Its administrative center was the city of Český Těšín. The district was formed after the division of Cieszyn Silesia on 28 July 1920, which split the town of Teschen/Cieszyn/Těšín into Cieszyn and Český Těšín as well as the preceding Teschen County originally formed in 1850 on the territory of Austrian Silesia. Following the Munich Agreement, in November 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland. The Český Těšín District was administratively transformed to a short-lived Cieszyn Zachodni County and afterwards it was merged with Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship. The area was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia. Český Těšín District ceased to exist as a result of a reform act issued on 9 Apr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kevin Hannan
Kevin J. Hannan (January 22, 1954 – January 5, 2008) was an American ethnolinguist and slavicist. Personal life He was born into a family of Silesian and Irish ancestry. Kevin Hannan married Hanna, a Polish American, and had two daughters with her, Marianna and Celeste. Education and Academic Career Hannan graduated with a BA degree from Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas and a Master of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin. He was the first student to receive a doctorate in Slavonic Philology from the latter university. He earned a living by working for Mills Electrical Contractors in Austin, Texas. In 2002, he left the United States, and resumed his research and academic career at the University of Łódź, in Łódź, Poland. Research Hannan grew up in Texas, where the descendants of the original Central European settlers, until recently, preserved their local dialects/languages, commonly referred to as Bohemian (Czech), Moravi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Český Těšín
Český Těšín (; pl, Czeski Cieszyn ; german: Tschechisch-Teschen) is a town in the Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants. Český Těšín lies on the west bank of the Olza river, in the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the 1920 division of the region between Poland and Czechoslovakia it was just a western suburb of the town of Teschen, which after the division fell to Poland as Cieszyn. The combined population of the Czech and Polish parts of the town is around 59,000 (24,000 in Těšín, 35,000 in Cieszyn). The historic centre in Český Těšín is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone. Administrative parts Town parts and villages of Dolní Žukov, Horní Žukov, Koňákov, Mistřovice, Mosty and Stanislavice are administrative parts of Český Těšín. History The first written mention of Těšín is from 1155, when a castle called ''Tescin'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Głos (Czech Republic)
''Głos'' (meaning ''The Voice'') (formerly ''Głos Ludu'', meaning ''The Voice of People'') is the main and largest Polish newspaper in the Czech Republic. It represents the Polish minority in the Czech Republic, especially the Zaolzie region. History and profile The first release of the ''Głos Ludu'' appeared on 9 June 1945, in Frysztat (Fryštát). It firstly appeared weekly, then two times a week, from April 1946 three times a week. The circulation in the 1960s was 12,000.Kenig 1998, 48. The editorial staff moved from Frysztat to Czeski Cieszyn and later to Ostrava, and since 2003, has been housed in Czeski Cieszyn (Český Těšín) again. For 45 years, it was published by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and since 1991 by the Congress of Poles. Since 2011 it is a member of the European Association of Daily Newspapers in Minority and Regional Languages. ''Głos Ludu'' appeared on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays until 2018. Since 2018, the newspaper has been rena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paweł Hulka-Laskowski
Paweł Hulka-Laskowski (25 June 1881 – 29 October 1946) was a Polish writer, translator, journalist and social worker. He was born in Żyrardów in working class, Protestant family of Czech ancestry. His parents were textile factory workers. In 1903 he enrolled to the University of Heidelberg. After his return to Poland, he settled with his wife Kazimiera and daughter Elżbieta in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. In June 1910 Hulka-Laskowski and his wife were arrested by Tsarist Russian authorities, being accused on complicity in the assassination attempt of a local Russian gendarmerie commander. After their release from prison they moved to Żyrardów. In the interwar period, Hulka-Laskowski contributed to many newspapers and magazines, such as ''Bluszcz'', ''Echo Literacko-Artystyczne'', ''Sfinks'', ''Myśl Niepodległa'', ''Wiadomości Literackie'' and ''Jednota''. He was a prolific translator, translating i.a. the works of Karel Čapek, Božena Němcová, Jonathan Swift, James Fenimor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
