Třebíč (; german: Trebitsch; yi, טרייביטש Treybitsh) is a town in the
Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (; cs, Kraj Vysočina "Highlands Region", , ) is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located partly in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia and partly in the south-west of the his ...
of the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 34,000 inhabitants.
The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a
Benedictine
, image = Medalla San Benito.PNG
, caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal
, abbreviation = OSB
, formation =
, motto = (English: 'Pray and Work')
, foun ...
monastery, where the castle is located today. In the age of its expansion, Třebíč was the third most important town in
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The me ...
. The population growth started after
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
.
There are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The
Jewish Quarter and
St. Procopius Basilica were listed as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
in 2003 because of their testimony to cultural interchange across several centuries and the remarkable architecture within the site. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an
urban monument zone.
Administrative parts
The town is made up of 17 town parts and villages:
*
Borovina
Borovina is one of the town districts in Třebíč in the Czech Republic and it has so-called new part and old part. In old part there are mainly family houses, then in younger part of Borovina there are many panel blocks of flats and it is nea ...
*
Budíkovice
Budíkovice is a small village in the Czech republic, approximately 4 kilometers north of the town of Třebíč. Budíkovice is in the district of Třebíč
Třebíč (; german: Trebitsch; yi, טרייביטש Treybitsh) is a town in the Vyso ...
*
Horka Domky
Horka Domky is one of the town districts in Třebíč in the Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Ger ...
*
Jejkov
Jejkov is a town district in Třebíč. Jejkov was town suburb in the past. An industrial town district, hockey stadium, football stadium, hospital and court are situated in Jejkov.
Location
Jejkov is situated in the east part of Třebíč south b ...
*Nové Dvory
*Nové Město
*
Pocoucov
Pocoucov is a village north of Třebíč, which Pocoucov is part of. Population of the Pocoucov is 183 inhabitants, and Pocoucov is the second smallest town district of the Třebíč. Near Pocoucov there flows ''Okřešický potok''. The elevati ...
*Podklášteří
*Ptáčov
*Račerovice
*Řípov
*Slavice
*Sokolí
*Stařečka
*Týn
*Vnitřní Město
*Zámostí
Geography
Třebíč is situated southeast of
Jihlava
Jihlava (; german: Iglau) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 50,000 inhabitants. Jihlava is the capital of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava River on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia.
Historically, Jihlava i ...
and west of
Brno
Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
. It lies in the
Jevišovice Uplands
Jevišovice (german: Jaispitz) is a town in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Geograph ...
within the
Bohemian-Moravian Highlands
The Bohemian-Moravian Highlands ( cs, Českomoravská vrchovina or ''Vysočina''; german: Böhmisch-Mährische Höhe) is a geomorphological macroregion and mountain range in the Czech Republic. Its highest peaks are the Javořice at and Devět s ...
. The town is located the
Jihlava
Jihlava (; german: Iglau) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 50,000 inhabitants. Jihlava is the capital of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava River on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia.
Historically, Jihlava i ...
River. The highest point in the municipal territory has an elevation of above sea level.
The area is rich in water bodies, including many
fish ponds and Lubí Reservoir. The northeastern part of the municipal territory is protected as the
Třebíčsko Nature Park
Třebíčsko Nature Park ( cs, Přírodní park Třebíčsko) is a nature park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many valuable plants. The park was founded in 1982.
Kobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček
''Kobylinec'' is a nature mon ...
.
History
![Tr-centrum001](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Tr-centrum001.jpg)
The first written mention of Třebíč is from 1101, when a Benedictine monastery was established here. In 1277, Třebíč was first referred to as a town. In 1335, Třebíč obtained town rights at the level of the rights of royal towns. Třebíč had right to built town fortifications and ceased to be subject unconditionally to the monastery. The Jewish population was first documented in 1338.
During the
Hussite Wars
The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Cat ...
, Třebíč was conquered by the
Hussites
The Hussites ( cs, Husité or ''Kališníci''; "Chalice People") were a Czech proto-Protestant Christian movement that followed the teachings of reformer Jan Hus, who became the best known representative of the Bohemian Reformation.
The Hussit ...
and became their military base. After the wars, the town was returned to the possession of the monastery. In 1468, Třebíč was conquered and destroyed by
Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several mi ...
, including the monastery. After the
Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478)
The Bohemian War (1468–1478) began when the Kingdom of Bohemia was invaded by the king of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus. Matthias invaded with the pretext of returning Bohemia to Catholicism; at the time, it was ruled by the Hussite king, George of ...
, Třebíč was acquired by Zdeněk of Sternberg. During the rule of the
Pernštejn family
The Pernštejn (german: Pernstein) was one of the seven Moravian dynasty families and the most important (uradel) family originating from Moravian nobility. The first mentioned member of House of Pernštejn lived in the 13th century. They took th ...
between 1490 and 1556, the town recovered and stabilized economically.
[
Třebíč was not too affected by the ]Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
. After the war, the town was re-Catholicized. In the 17th an 18th centuries, Třebíč was mostly owned by the Waldstein family
The House of Waldstein or House of Valdštejn is a Bohemian noble family that originated from the Kingdom of Bohemia as a branch of the Markwartinger family (House of Markvartic) and gained prominence during the reign of the Přemyslid dynasty. ...
. In 1786, the Germanisation
Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, German people, people and German culture, culture. It was a central idea of German conservative thought in the 19th and the 20th centuries, when conservatism and ethnic nationa ...
began. In 1821 and 1822, large fires severely damaged the town.[
In the late 19th century, Třebíč was industrialised. There has been mainly development of tannery and shoemaking. The development of industry was accelerated by the opening of the railway in 1886. In the 1930s, the shoe factory was bought by ]Bata Corporation
The Bata Corporation (known as Bata, and in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, known as Baťa) is a multinational footwear, apparel and fashion accessories manufacturer and retailer of Moravian (Czech) origin, headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerl ...
and workers' colonies were constructed in Borovina
Borovina is one of the town districts in Třebíč in the Czech Republic and it has so-called new part and old part. In old part there are mainly family houses, then in younger part of Borovina there are many panel blocks of flats and it is nea ...
.[
In the 1970s and 1980s, several historic buildings were demolished and new ]housing estate
A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex or housing development) is a group of homes and other buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country.
Popular throughout the United States a ...
s were constructed, which resulted in population growth.[
]
Demographics
Transport
Třebíč is an important traffic junction of the region. The main roads crossing Třebíč are I/23 (Brno
Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
– České Budějovice
České Budějovice (; german: Budweis ) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 93,000 inhabitants. It is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.
České Budějovice is t ...
) and II/360, which connects Třebíč with the D1 motorway. Road II/405, passing near the town, connects Třebíč with Jihlava
Jihlava (; german: Iglau) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 50,000 inhabitants. Jihlava is the capital of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava River on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia.
Historically, Jihlava i ...
.
The railway has the east–west direction in Třebíč. This railway No. 240 connects Třebíč with cities of Brno and Jihlava. There are two train stations serving the town: Třebíč and Třebíč-Borovina.
There is a small sport airport in the outskirts.
Culture
Festivals held in Třebíš include:
*Theatre Třebíč (''Divadelní Třebíč'') – festival of amateur theatre
Amateur theatre, also known as amateur dramatics, is theatre performed by amateur actors and singers. Amateur theatre groups may stage plays, revues, musicals, light opera, pantomime or variety shows, and do so for the social activity as well as f ...
*Šamajim – festival of Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not a faith-based religion, but an orthoprax and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewi ...
*Třebíč potato festival (''Bramborobraní'') – folklore festival – music and dance
*UNESCO Jubilee – jubilee celebration of town entrance to the UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
list
*Theatre 2-3-4 actors (''Divadla 2-3-4 herců'') – festival of professional theatre
*Zámostí – cultural and music festival
*Concentus Moraviae
Concentus Moraviae is an annual international classical, jazz and folk music festival held in the towns of the Vysočina and South Moravian regions of the Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked countr ...
– concerts of classical music
Education
In Třebíč there is one private university, Westmoravian College Třebíč. Secondary schools include:
* Gymnasium Třebíč
*Secondary Industrial School Třebíč
*Catholic Gymnasium Třebíč
*Dr. Albín Bráf Business Academy
*Higher Vocational School and Secondary School of Veterinary, Agricultural and Medical Třebíč
*Hotel School Třebíč
*Secondary School of Civil Engineering Třebíč
*Secondary School of Crafts Třebíč
*Private Secondary School and Secondary Vocational School
Sights
The historical treasury of Třebíč includes the old Jewish Quarter and the large Romanesque St. Procopius Basilica, which incorporates some later Gothic features, including a rare example of a ten-part (also known as 'botanical') rose window
Rose window is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in Gothic cathedrals and churches. The windows are divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery. The term ''rose window'' w ...
. Such designs reflect the five or ten parts of the family Rosaceae flowers and fruit, based on their five sepals and petals or the usual ten segments of their fruit. Botanical rose windows contrast with more complex Gothic windows that contain more segments (usually multiples of traditional gothic units of design – three trefoil
A trefoil () is a graphic form composed of the outline of three overlapping rings, used in architecture and Christian symbolism, among other areas. The term is also applied to other symbols with a threefold shape. A similar shape with four rin ...
, or four quatrefoil
A quatrefoil (anciently caterfoil) is a decorative element consisting of a symmetrical shape which forms the overall outline of four partially overlapping circles of the same diameter. It is found in art, architecture, heraldry and traditional ...
). Another thesis says that these decorations are based on an ancient design, inspired by forerunners in the wheel of life
The bhavacakra (Sanskrit: भवचक्र; Pāli: ''bhavacakka''; Tibetan: སྲིད་པའི་འཁོར་ལོ, Wylie: ''srid pa'i 'khor lo'') is a symbolic representation of saṃsāra (or cyclic existence). It is found on th ...
, associated with eastern religions nowadays, or may allude to the Virgin Mary.
The famous Basilica
In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. The building gave its name ...
originated in the early 12th century as a Benedictine monastery. It was endowed so well, that it led to the establishment of a local commercial centre; the town of Třebíč. The monastery was rebuilt during the reign of King Wenceslaus I (1230–53), and again at the end of the 15th century. During the first half of the 16th century some of Třebíč's historic monastic buildings were remodeled into a castle, and were later renovated in Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
style. In the early 18th century changes were introduced on the basilica by the Czech architect František Maxmilián Kaňka
František Maxmilián Kaňka (9 August 1674 in Prague – 14 July 1766 in Prague) was a Czech architect and builder. He was known for modifying castles, palaces and churches. In 1724 he was appointed emperor's architect.
Work
He is most famous f ...
; windows were enlarged, buttresses were added, a southwest tower was rebuilt, and a new west front with two towers was constructed in the gothic baroque style.
The historic centre of Třebíč, which extends on both sides of the river Jihlava, was declared an urban monument zone in 1990. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica, together with the castle and gardens, are all included within the urban monument zone.
Notable people
* Johann Philipp Neumann (1774–1849), Austrian physicist and poet
* Adolf Kurrein (1846–1919), Austrian rabbi
*Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger (3 September 1872, Třebíč – 27 March 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian gardener and landscape architect.
He was born in Trebitsch, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Třebíč, Czech Republic).
Son of a judge in Moravia, ...
(1872–1938), Austrian landscape architect
*Bohumír Šmeral
Bohumír Šmeral (25 October 1880 in Třebíč, Margraviate of Moravia – 8 May 1941 in Moscow) was a Czech politician, leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, and one of the founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
Early life
...
(1880–1941), politician
*Jan Syrový
Jan Syrový (24 January 1888 – 17 October 1970) was a Czechoslovak general and the prime minister of Czechoslovakia during the Munich Crisis.
Early life and military career
Jan Syrový studied building at a technical school. Following his ...
(1888–1970), general and prime minister (1938)
* Antonín Kalina (1902–1990), war hero
* Jindřich Svoboda (1917–1942), bomber captain in the RAF
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...
* Helena Kružíková (1928–2021), actress
*Míla Myslíková
Bohumila "Míla" Myslíková (14 February 1933 – 11 February 2005) was a Czech actress. She appeared in over 90 films and television shows between 1954 and 1993. She starred in the 1974 film '' Kdo hledá zlaté dno'', which was entered i ...
(1933–2005), actress
* Jaroslav Zvěřina (born 1942), politician
*František Bublan
František Bublan (born 13 January 1951 in Třebíč) is a former Czech dissident, in 2004 named Minister of the Interior for Stanislav Gross's Social Democratic Party government. After Stanislav Gross had been forced to leave the government, Bubl ...
(born 1951), politician
*Miroslav Donutil
Miroslav Donutil (born 7 February 1951) is a Czech theatrical, film and television actor, born in Třebíč. Since 1978 when he appeared as Hloch in '' Čistá řeka'', Donutil has three decades of film and TV appearances. He dubbed the voice of ...
(born 1951), actor
* Oldřich Navrátil (born 1952), actor
*Věra Jourová
Věra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, C ...
(born 1964), politician and lawyer
*Pavel Padrnos
Pavel Padrnos (born 17 December 1970) is a Czech former professional road racing cyclist, most recently with whom he was with between 2002 and 2007. His major individual success is the win in Peace Race in 1995. He competed at the 1992 Summer ...
(born 1970), road racing cyclist
*Jiří Zimola
Jiří Zimola (born 28 March 1971) is a Czech Republic, Czech Czech Social Democratic Party, Social Democrat politician, who served as Governor of the South Bohemian Region from 2008 until his resignation in 2017. Zimola left the Social Democratic ...
(born 1971), politician
*Patrik Eliáš
Patrik Eliáš (; born 13 April 1976) is a Czech former professional hockey winger who played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New Jersey Devils. Eliáš is the franchise's all-time leader in points, goals and assists, a ...
(born 1976), ice hockey player
* Martin Erat (born 1981), ice hockey player
*Ondřej Němec
Ondřej Němec (born 18 April 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 2nd round (35th overall) of ...
(born 1984), ice hockey player
*Theodor Gebre Selassie
Theodor Gebre Selassie (born 24 December 1986) is a Czech professional footballer who plays for Czech club Slovan Liberec, either as a right-back or as wing-back. He earned 54 caps and scored three goals with the Czech national team.
Havin ...
(born 1986), footballer
*Vladimír Sobotka
Vladimír Sobotka (; born 2 July 1987) is a Czech professional ice hockey centre currently playing for Sparta Praha of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). Sobotka has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, St. Loui ...
(born 1987), ice hockey player
*Jitka Válková
Jitka Boho, née Válková (born 11 November 1991 in Třebíč) is a Czech singer, former model, and beauty pageant contestant who won Česká Miss 2010 and finished in the top 15 in Miss Universe 2010.
Early life
Originally from Třebíč, Vá ...
(born 1991), Czech Miss
The Czech Miss Essence ( cs, Česká Miss) is a national beauty pageant in the Czech Republic. The pageant was founded in 2005, where the winners were sent to Miss Universe.
History
The Czech Miss was established in 2005 and is organized and ...
winner
Twin towns – sister cities
Třebíč is twinned with:
* Humenné
Humenné (; hu, Homonna; ukr, Гуменне) is a town in the Prešov Region ("kraj") in eastern Slovakia and the second largest town of the historic Zemplín region. It lies at the volcanic Vihorlat mountains and at the confluence of the ...
, Slovakia
* Lilienfeld
Lilienfeld () is a city in Lower Austria (Niederösterreich), Austria, south of St. Pölten, noted as the site of Lilienfeld Abbey. It is also the site of a regional hospital Landesklinikum Voralpen Lilienfeld.
The city is located in the valle ...
, Austria
* Oschatz
Oschatz () is a town in the district Nordsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is located 60 km east of Leipzig and 60 km west of Dresden.
Geography
Site and climate
Oschatz lies in the Saxon Lowland and is located on the river Dölln ...
, Germany
* Rakhiv
Rakhiv ( uk, Рахів, ; yi, ראַכעוו, hu, Rahó, ro, Rahău, rue, Рахово; see below) is a city located in Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Rakhiv Raion (district). Population: ...
, Ukraine
* Yichang
Yichang (), alternatively romanized as Ichang, is a prefecture-level city located in western Hubei province, China. It is the third largest city in the province after the capital, Wuhan and the prefecture-level city Xiangyang, by urban populati ...
, China
Gallery
Portal of Saint Procopius Basilica in Třebíč.jpg, Portal of St. Procopius Basilica
Bazilika svatého Prokopa v Třebíči - interiér.jpg, Interior of the St. Procopius Basilica
Abbacy of Saint Procopius Basilica in Třebíč.jpg, Abbacy of St. Procopius Basilica
Interior of Jewish Synagogue (2) in Třebíč, Třebíč District.jpg, Interior of the Jewish Synagogue
Statue in Town Square, Saints Cyril and Methodius, Trebic, Czech Republic.JPG, Statue of Saints Cyril and Methodius
Cyril (born Constantine, 826–869) and Methodius (815–885) were two brothers and Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries. For their work evangelizing the Slavs, they are known as the "Apostles to the Slavs".
They are credited wit ...
References
External links
*
UNESCO Heritage in Třebíč
Official website of the castle
Photos of Třebíč and Background Information
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trebic
Populated places in Třebíč District
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
Shtetls
World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic