Těrlicko (; pl, , german: Tierlitzko) is a municipality in
Karviná District
Karviná District ( cs, okres Karviná, pl, powiat Karwina) is a district ('' okres'') within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the city of Karviná. It was created by 1960 reform of administrative di ...
in the
Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region ( cs, Moravskoslezský kraj; pl, Kraj morawsko-śląski; sk, Moravsko-sliezsky kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region ( cs, Ostravský ...
of the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 4,800 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Těrlicko is made up of villages of Dolní Těrlicko, Horní Těrlicko and
Hradiště.
Etymology
The name could be derived from the so-called ''cierlice'', which was a tool used to comb
flax
Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, ''Linum usitatissimum'', in the family Linaceae. It is cultivated as a food and fiber crop in regions of the world with temperate climates. Textiles made from flax are known in ...
. Another theory derives the name from ''Cierla'' or ''Cierlava'', which were older names of the Stonávka River.
Geography
Těrlicko is located next to
Havířov
Havířov (; pl, ) is a city in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 69,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the region. Havířov lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. ...
, about southeast of
Ostrava
Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rive ...
. It lies in the historical region of
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia ( pl, Śląsk Cieszyński ; cs, Těšínské Slezsko or ; german: Teschener Schlesien or ) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Tě ...
, in the western part of the
Moravian-Silesian Foothills
Moravian-Silesian Foothills ( cz, Podbeskydská pahorkatina, pl, Pogórze Morawsko-Śląskie) are foothills and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic.
Geomorphology
The region represents the westernmost section of the Western Bes ...
. The highest point is Babí hora Hill at above sea level.
The municipality is situated on the shores of
Těrlicko Reservoir
Těrlicko Reservoir ( cs, vodní nádrž Těrlicko) is a water reservoir and dam in Těrlicko in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It was built on the Stonávka River in 1955–1964 on an area of .
Construction of the dam had ma ...
, which was built on the
Stonávka
(Polish: ) is a river in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It is a left tributary of the Olza River, which it enters in Karviná
Karviná (; pl, Karwina, , german: ...
River in 1962. It has an area of .
[
]
History
Těrlicko was first mentioned in the document of Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...
issued for Benedictine abbey in Tyniec in 1229 as ''Cierlitzko''. Těrlicko was probably owned by the abbey. The monks brought settlers to the area who were engaged in agriculture, especially flax growing and sheep farming. In 1440, the village became part of the Skoczów
Skoczów (pronounced , german: Skotschau, cs, Skočov) is a town and the seat of Gmina Skoczów in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 14,385 inhabitants (2019). The town lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia ...
estate. In 1447, it was inherited by Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn
Przemyslaus II of Cieszyn, also known as Primislaus II of Teschen or Przemko II ( pl, Przemysław, cs, Přemysl, german: Przemislaus; 1422/25 – 18 March 1477), was a Duke of Cieszyn (Teschen, Těšín) from 1431, ruler over Bielsko and Skoczó ...
, then the estate often changed owners.[
The village probably became a seat of a Catholic ]parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...
prior to the 16th century, and also a church in the hamlet of Kostelec was built. After the 1540s Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen both were taken over by Lutherans
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched ...
. They were taken from them (as two from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
on 24 March 1654.
At the end of the 16th century the division into two parts developed: Dolní Těrlicko (first mentioned in 1598) and Horní Těrlicko (first mentioned in 1613).[
In 1731, the area became the property of the Larisch-Mönnich family, last noble owners. They owned it until 1926, since when it was no longer possible for the nobility to own a municipality.][
After ]Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...
a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia, (historically also ''Oesterreichisch-Schlesien, Oesterreichisch Schlesien, österreichisch Schlesien''); cs, Rakouské Slezsko; pl, Śląsk Austriacki officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, (historically ''Herzogth ...
. The villages as two separate municipalities were subscribed to the political
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...
and legal district
A judicial district or legal district denotes the territorial area for which a legal court (usually a district court) has jurisdiction.
By region Europe Austria
In texts concerning Austria, "judicial district" (german: Gerichtsbezirk) refers ...
of Cieszyn
Cieszyn ( , ; cs, Těšín ; german: Teschen; la, Tessin; szl, Ćeszyn) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitant ...
.
According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of Dolní Těrlicko grew from 454 in 1880 to 617 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 97.2% and 99.1%) accompanied by a few German-speaking persons (at most or 2.5% in 1890). In terms of religion in 1910 majority were Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
(54.9%), followed by Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(45.1%). In Horní Těrlicko the population dropped from 1452 in 1880 to 1390 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 98.6% and 99.7%) accompanied by a few German-speakers (at most 10 or 0.7% in 1910) and Czech-speakers (at most 9 or 0.7% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (66.5%), followed by Lutherans (35.5%).
After World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Polish–Czechoslovak War
The Poland–Czechoslovakia War, also known mostly in Czech sources as the Seven-day war ( cs, Sedmidenní válka) was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland over the territory of Cieszyn Silesia in early 1919.
After a vai ...
and the division of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia ( pl, Śląsk Cieszyński ; cs, Těšínské Slezsko or ; german: Teschener Schlesien or ) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Tě ...
in 1920, the area became part of Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
. Following the Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, Germany, the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Fa ...
, in October 1938 together with the Trans-Olza
Trans-Olza ( pl, Zaolzie, ; cs, Záolží, ''Záolší''; german: Olsa-Gebiet; Cieszyn Silesian dialect, Cieszyn Silesian: ''Zaolzi''), also known as Trans-Olza Silesia (Polish language, Polish: ''Śląsk Zaolziański''), is a territory in the ...
region they were annexed by Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County
__NOTOC__
Cieszyn County ( pl, powiat cieszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result o ...
of Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province ( pl, województwo śląskie ) is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centered on the historic region known as Upper Silesia ('), with Katowice serving as its capital.
Despite the Silesian ...
. They were then annexed by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
at the beginning of World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
.
In 1953, it was decided to build a reservoir on the Stonávka River. The reservoir was put into operation in 1962. During construction, 141 buildings were flooded, including many community buildings and a church. In 1964 Dolní Těrlicko and Horní Těrlicko were joined and formed the municipality called Těrlicko.[ Hradiště was joined to the municipality in 1975.
]
Demographics
Polish minority makes up 7.4% of the population.
Economy
After the reservoir was built, Těrlicko gradually became a centre of tourism. Public beaches, recreational facilities and private cottages have been set up here.[
]
Sport
The reservoir is a popular spot for water sports
Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a s ...
.
Sights
There was a wooden Catholic church in the municipality. In 1769–1772 it was replaced by a new brick Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
church consecrated to the Holy Trinity, but this church was demolished in 1962 during the reservoir's construction. The Church of Saint Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence ( la, Laurentius, lit. "Laurel wreath, laurelled"; 31 December AD 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the Persecution of Christians, perse ...
was built on Kostelec Hill in 1889–1891. After the old church was demolished, it became a parish church. The entrance to the church is decorated with two statues of the apostles from the second half of the 19th century. The church has part of the valuable Baroque inventory from the flooded church, especially Baroque paintings and a number of sculptures from the mid-18th century. The most remarkable is the painting of St. Lawrence from 1659 and baroque paintings of the Crucifixion and Holy Trinity.
The Lutheran church was built in 1967. The tower was added in 1997.
Larisch's manor is a former aristocratic residence from the early 19th century, built in the Empire style
The Empire style (, ''style Empire'') is an early-nineteenth-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts, representing the second phase of Neoclassicism. It flourished between 1800 and 1815 durin ...
. Today it is privately owned and used for recreational purposes.
The tavern ''Jaškovská krčma'' is the oldest pub in Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
and one of the oldest in the Czech Republic. The first mention of the pub is from 1268. Originally it was a refuge for robbers, there was a secret passage in the cellar that was used to escape from enemies. Later it was fortified and equipped with a permanent guard, which took care of the safety of passengers on the road and collected tolls. The building was damaged by a fire in 1682, but was rebuilt nine years after the fire into its current form. Today it still serves as a hotel and restaurant. The interior is decorated with fresco
Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...
es.
Monument to the Pilots ( pl, Żwirkowisko) is a monument to Polish aviators Stanisław Wigura
Stanisław Wigura (9 April 1901 – 11 September 1932) was a Polish aircraft designer and aviator, co-founder of the RWD aircraft construction team and lecturer at the Warsaw University of Technology. Along with Franciszek Żwirko, he won the in ...
and Franciszek Żwirko
Franciszek Żwirko nglish pronunciation like: frantsishek zhvirko(16 September 1895 – 11 September 1932) was a prominent Polish sport and military aviator. Along with Stanisław Wigura, he won the international air contest Challenge 1932.
He w ...
, winners of the most prestigious aviation competition in Europe, who died here in a tragic plane crash on 11 September 1932. The monument is in the form of a life-size pilot, who holds a twig of victory and leans on the propeller of a plane. An educational trail leads to the monument.
Notable people
*Wacław Maciejowski
Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski (10 September 1792 – 10 February 1883) was a Polish historian.
Maciejowski was born in Cierlicko near Cieszyn. He studied in Warsaw, Berlin, and Göttingen, and became professor of law at the University of Warsa ...
(1792–1883), Polish historian
* Andrzej Kotula (1822–1891), Polish lawyer and activist
Twin towns – sister cities
Těrlicko is twinned with:
* Chybie
is a village and the seat of Gmina Chybie in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 3,903 (2012).
It lies in the Upper Vistula Valley within Oświęcim Basin and in the historical region of Cieszyn Siles ...
, Poland
Gallery
Cierlicko 1578.jpg, Polish primary school
T%C4%9Brlicko_evang._kostel.JPG, Lutheran church
2020 Horní Těrlicko evangelický hřbitov.jpg, Lutheran cemetery
Cierlicko_1580.jpg, Orphanage
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Terlicko
Villages in Karviná District
Cieszyn Silesia