Târgu Secuiesc (; hu, Kézdivásárhely, ; german: Szekler Neumarkt; la, Neoforum Siculorum) is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Covasna County
Covasna County (, hu, Kovászna megye, ) is a county ( județ) of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Sfântu Gheorghe.
Demographics
In 2011, it had a population of 210,177, making it the second least populous of Romania' ...
,
Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...
,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
. It administers one village, Lunga (''Nyujtód'').
History
The town was first mentioned in 1407 as ''Torjawasara'', meaning in Hungarian “Torja Market”. (
Torja is the name of a stream nearby and is also the Hungarian name of the nearby village
Turia.) Originally, the Hungarian name Kézdivásárhely was also used in Romanian in the form Chezdi-Oșorheiu, but this was altered to Tîrgu Secuiesc (now spelled Târgu Secuiesc) after the accession to
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
in 1920 under the
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in ...
. The Hungarian native name means “Kézdi Market”, Kézdi being the name of a
Székely “seat”, a historical administrative unit. Its status as a market town dates back to the Middle Ages. The city was taken over by Hungary during World War II, following the
Second Vienna Award
The Second Vienna Award, also known as the Vienna Diktat, was the second of two territorial disputes that were arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. On 30 August 1940, they assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania, including all ...
of August, 1940. A small Jewish community was set up in the 1880s; it numbered 66 in 1920. In May 1944, the Hungarian authorities sent its members to the
Sfântu Gheorghe ghetto The Sfântu Gheorghe ghetto was one of the Nazi-era ghettos for European Jews during World War II. It was located in the city of Sfântu Gheorghe ( hu, Sepsiszentgyörgy) in today's Covasna County, Transylvania, now part of Romania but administered ...
, and deported them to the
Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...
the following month.
[Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (eds.), ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: Seredina-Buda—Z'', p. 1290. NYU Press, 2001, ] Sovereignty was restored to Romania following the war.
Demographics
According to the 2011
census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ...
, the town had a population of 18,491. Of the residents for whom data were available, 91.1% were
Székely Hungarians, 7.2%
Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...
, and 1.6%
Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
*Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
.
Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune
2011 census results, Institutul Național de Statistică
The National Institute of Statistics ( ro, Institutul Național de Statistică, INS) is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national statistics, in fields such as geography, the economy, demographics and society. The i ...
, accessed 17 February 2020. The historical demographic evolution is as follows:
''Demographic change according to census data:''
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Natives
* Etele Baláska
* János Balogh
* Andrei Cadar
Andrei Cadar (born 6 February 1937), also known as András Kádár, is a Romanian equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The 1960 Summer Olympics ( it, Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Game ...
* Róbert Elek
* Tiberiu Ghioane
Tiberiu Ghioane (born 18 June 1981) is a Romanian former professional footballer. He played most of his career for Dynamo Kyiv as a defensive midfielder before retiring from football in July 2011.
Club career
Ghioane was born in Târgu Secuiesc. ...
* Kató Havas Kató Havas (5 November 1920 – 31 December 2018) was a Hungarian classical violinist and a teacher of both the violin and viola who developed the "New Approach to violin playing" to help prevent physical injuries and eliminate stage fright relate ...
* Gergely Kovács
Gergely Kovács (born July 21, 1968, Târgu Secuiesc, Romania) is the current archbishop of the Archdiocese of Alba Iulia.
Biography
Gergely Kovács was born on July 21, 1968 in Târgu Secuiesc. Kovács studied at the Roman Catholic Theological ...
* Béla Markó
Béla Markó (born September 8, 1951 in Târgu Secuiesc, Covasna County, Socialist Republic of Romania) is a Romanian politician and writer of Hungarian ethnicity. The former leader of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), he ...
* Roland Niczuly
Roland Csaba Niczuly (born 21 September 1995) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga I club Sepsi OSK, a club on which he serves as captain.
Career
A youth product of KSE Târgu Secuiesc and Universitatea C ...
* Ioan Robu
Ioan Robu (born November 6, 1944) is a Romanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Bucharest from 1990 to 2019.
Biography
Robu was born in Târgu Secuiesc, where his father, a native of Traian, Neamț County, had briefl ...
* Árpád Szántó
Árpád Szántó (10 October 1889 – September 1984) was a Hungarian wrestler
Wrestling is a series of combat sports involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grap ...
* Nándor Tamás
Nándor Károly Tamás (born 24 October 2000) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Nemzeti Bajnokság II side Csákvár
Csákvár is a town in Fejér county, Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a land ...
* Gábor Vajna
Gábor Vajna (4 November 1891 – 12 March 1946) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of the Interior from 1944 to 1945.
Early life
Vajna was born into a Transylvanian Calvinist family in Kézdivásárhely (today Târgu Secu ...
Education
Despite its relatively small size the town has a few notable high schools: Nagy Mózes, Bod Péter, Apor Péter and Gábor Áron, all bearing the names of important Székely historical personalities. Because of this, Târgu Secuiesc is considered the educational center of the north eastern part of the county.
Gallery
Image:Kezdi centre1.JPG, City center
Image:Kezdi centre2.JPG, City center
Image:Kezdi centre8.jpg, Cultural Center
File:Children inside Sala Polivalenta Sportsarnok.jpg, Children inside Sala Polivalenta Sporting Hall
File:Autonomy of Székely Land - Day of Székely Freedom 2013.03.10 (18).JPG, Székely Freedom Day
The Székely Freedom Day ( hu, Székely Szabadság Napja; ro, Ziua Libertății Secuilor) is a day celebrated by the Székely Hungarian minority of Romania. It is celebrated every 10 March in Târgu Mureș, but also in other parts of Székel ...
celebration
References
External links
Official site
Kézdivásárhely Centrum City Map
Official site of the Kézdivásárhely Sportclub (KSE)
Nagy Mózes High School
Gábor Aron High School
{{DEFAULTSORT:Targu Secuiesc
Populated places in Covasna County
Cities in Romania
Localities in Transylvania