The Belgrade trolleybus system forms part of the
public transportation
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typical ...
network in the city of
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
, the capital of
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
. It is operated by the city-owned public transportation company
GSP Belgrade
GSP Belgrade ( sr, / ) is a public transit company in the city of Belgrade. As of 2018, it operates with 170 lines and has 1,611 active vehicles.
Name
The acronym "GSP" stands for ''Gradsko saobraćajno preduzeće'' ( sr-Cyrl, Градско с ...
. In 2017, the network consisted of 7 lines, with 125 trolleybuses operating on of two-way
overhead wires
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, trolleybuses or trams. It is known variously as:
* Overhead catenary
* Overhead contact system (OCS)
* Overhead equipmen ...
. ''Trola'', Serbian name for the
trolley pole
A trolley pole is a tapered cylindrical pole of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a "live" (electrified) overhead wire to the control and the electric traction motors of a tram or trolley bus. It is a type of current collector. Th ...
, became the common, colloquial name for the trolleybus among Belgraders.
History
Background
The idea of introducing trolleybuses was considered during
Interbellum
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Second World War. The interwar period was relativel ...
. In the late 1930s, the city's Directory for trams and lights prepared the acquisition of the first vehicles. The intention was to introduce the trolleybus lines which would connect the downtown Belgrade to
Karaburma
Karaburma ( sr-cyr, Карабурма) is an List of Belgrade neighborhoods, urban neighborhood of the municipality of Palilula Belgrade, Palilula, Belgrade, Serbia. As of 2002, it has a population of 55,343 inhabitants.
Name
The name, Karabur ...
.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
prevented the realization of this plan but the devastation of the tram infrastructure during the war revitalized the idea of trolleybuses.
1947-1960s expansion
The first trolleybus was presented to the public during the
Labor Day
Labor Day is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the first Monday in September to honor and recognize the American labor movement and the works and contributions of laborers to the development and achievements of the United St ...
parade on 1 May 1947 while the network became operational on 22 June 1947. The first two lines were
Kalemegdan
The Kalemegdan Park ( sr, / ), or simply Kalemegdan ( sr-Cyrl, Калемегдан) is the largest park and the most important historical monument in Belgrade. It is located on a cliff, at the junction of the River Sava and the Danube.
Kal ...
-
Slavija and
Crveni Krst-Slavija, which was later expanded to
Kalemegdan Park
The Kalemegdan Park ( sr, / ), or simply Kalemegdan ( sr-Cyrl, Калемегдан) is the largest park and the most important historical monument in Belgrade. It is located on a cliff, at the junction of the River Sava and the Danube.
Kal ...
, too. Several months later, the third line, to
Dušanovac, was open. In the 1950s, the general idea was that trolleybuses should take over the major role in the public transportation. By 1955, the number of trolleybuses rose to 42. Envisioned plans included lines to
Zemun
Zemun ( sr-cyrl, Земун, ; hu, Zimony) is a municipality in the city of Belgrade. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The developme ...
, Karaburma,
New Belgrade
New Belgrade ( sr, / , ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. It is a planned city, built since 1948 in a previously uninhabited area on the left bank of the Sava river, opposite old Belgrade. In recent years, it has become the central bu ...
and
Dedinje
Dedinje ( sr-cyrl, Дедиње, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Savski Venac. Dedinje is generally considered the wealthiest part of Belgrade, and is the site of numerous ...
, but not all were carried into effect. Line to Zemun was opened in 1956, and in time three lines across the
Sava river
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
were formed: Line 14 –
Zeleni Venac
Zeleni Venac ( sr-cyr, Зелени венац) or colloquially Zelenjak ( sr-cyr, Зелењак) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac (major part) and Stari ...
-
Gornji Grad (Zemun)
Gornji Grad ( sr-cyr, Горњи Град) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Zemun.
Location
Gornji Grad is located in the northern part of Zemun, spreading along the ri ...
(which was considered a successor line to the pre-war tram line), Line 15 – Zeleni Venac-
Novi Grad (Zemun) and Line 16 – Zeleni Venac-Pohorska,
New Belgrade
New Belgrade ( sr, / , ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. It is a planned city, built since 1948 in a previously uninhabited area on the left bank of the Sava river, opposite old Belgrade. In recent years, it has become the central bu ...
.
During this period, trolleybus became part of the Belgrade's sub-culture due to the activity of ''kešanje'' (slang for hanging onto something). Instead of entering the vehicle and paying for the ticket, the teenagers and young adults would grab onto the trolley pole on the outside.
1970s decline
Since the late 1960s, city authorities began to consider abolishing the trolleybus network completely. In 1973 all three lines across the river were terminated and by the ending of
Branko Pešić
Branko Pešić ( sr-Cyrl, Бранко Пешић, ; 1 October 1922 – 4 February 1986) was a Serbian politician in SFR Yugoslavia.
Pešić was a member of the Yugoslav Partisans during the Second World War and was the Mayor of Belgrade from 196 ...
’s tenure as the
mayor of Belgrade
The Mayor of Belgrade ( sr, Градоначелник Београда / ''Gradonačelnik Beograda'') is the head of the City of Belgrade (the capital and largest city of Serbia). The Mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive ...
in 1974, only one line survived, Kalemegdan-Kruševačka,
Lekino Brdo. It was planned for it to be abolished, too, but already in the mid-1970s, after several types of research, city government changed the opinion and began developing the trolleybus network again.
1980s revitalization
By the early 1980s, new neighborhoods planned to become part of the network were
Konjarnik
Konjarnik ( sr-cyr, Коњарник, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is divided between Belgrade's municipalities of Voždovac and Zvezdara (roughly Konjarnik I, Konjarnik II and Konjarnik III, respectively). As ...
,
Miljakovac
Miljakovac ( sr, Миљаковац), () is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Rakovica.
Location
Miljakovac is located on the northern outskirts of the Miljakovac Forest (' ...
,
Učiteljsko Naselje,
Medaković
Medaković ( sr-Cyrl, Медаковић, ), or colloquially Medak (), is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Voždovac, with the easternmost part of Medaković III being in the mu ...
,
Banjica
Banjica ( sr, Бањица, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is divided between the Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac (western half) and Voždovac (eastern half).
Location
Banjica is located 5-6 kilomet ...
,
Kumodraž
Kumodraž ( sr-cyr, Кумодраж, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Voždovac.
Location
Kumodraž is located in the central-eastern part of the municipality, in the lower section of ...
, and
Zvezdara
Zvezdara ( sr-cyr, Звездара, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. The municipality is geographically hilly and with many forests. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 148,014 inhabitants.
The ...
. By 1982 trolleybuses reached Konjarnik (Line 19) and Učiteljsko Naselje (Line 21) and the Line 28, connecting Kalemegdan to Zvezdara opened in 1983. In 1985 Line 41 connected Kalemegdan to
Banjica II
Banjica ( sr, Бањица, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is divided between the Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac (western half) and Voždovac (eastern half).
Location
Banjica is located 5-6 kilomet ...
and in 1986 Line 40 was opened between Banjica II and Zvezdara. By the late 1980s, citizens became accustomed to the network and in the 1990s a new trolleybus
depot
Depot ( or ) may refer to:
Places
* Depot, Poland, a village
* Depot Island, Kemp Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Depot Island Formation, Greenland
Brands and enterprises
* Maxwell Street Depot, a restaurant in ...
was built in
Dorćol
Dorćol ( sr-cyr, Дорћол; ) is an affluent urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Stari Grad.
Located along the right bank of the Danube, Dorćol is oldest surviving neighborhood ...
, with the capacity of servicing 135 vehicles.
2010s
After new city government took over in 2013, an idea of abolishing the trolleybus network was raised again, partially prompted by the experimental introduction of the
electric bus
An electric bus is a bus that is propelled using electric motors as opposed to an internal combustion engine. Electric buses can store the needed electricity on-board, or be fed continuously from an external source. The majority of buses s ...
es. Due to the possible creation of the pedestrian zone in the entire central section of Belgrade, propositions include the change of the routes in downtown, the relocation of the central terminus from
Studentski Trg
Studentski Trg ( sr-cyr, Студентски Трг), or Students Square, is one of the central town squares and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Stari Grad. In the Classical ...
to Slavija and of the depo from Dorćol to
Medaković
Medaković ( sr-Cyrl, Медаковић, ), or colloquially Medak (), is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Voždovac, with the easternmost part of Medaković III being in the mu ...
. The remaining lines should connect the hilly parts of the city: Konjarnik, Medaković, Vračar, Banjica and
Kanarevo Brdo
Kanarevo brdo ( sr-cyr, Канарево брдо, meaning "Kanar's Hill") is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Rakovica.
Location
Kanarevo Brdo is located in the northwest ...
.
City manager Goran Vesić announced that one single tram line will replace all four trolleybus lines (19, 21, 22 and 29) and the only bus line (31), which traverse through the city's main street ''Kralja Milana''. Regarding reasons, Vesić stated that the overhead lines look ugly in downtown and that citizens complained about the noise made by the trolleybuses. The immediate reaction of the citizens was mostly negative.
However, some of the advantages of the trolleybuses are their minimal noise pollution. Also, there is a matter of price of digging up the entire center of the city so that at least of tram tracks can be placed, and the cost of buying the new trams which will supposedly be operated on capacitors, without the grid. At the moment, five lines pass through the main street 47 times per hour. On average, that is one vehicle on every 86 second, which is virtually impossible with only one line. In May 2017,
Prime Minister of Serbia
The prime minister of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, премијерка Србије, premijerka Srbije; masculine: премијер/premijer), officially the president of the Government of the Republic of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, председница Влад ...
Aleksandar Vučić
Aleksandar Vučić ( sr-Cyrl, Александар Вучић, ; born 5 March 1970) is a Serbian politician serving as the president of Serbia since 2017, and as the president of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) since 2012.
Vučić served ...
, even though the Belgrade's city transportation is completely outside of his jurisdiction, stated that he wants to abolish the trolleybus network completely and replace it with the electric buses. As a reason, he said that the trolleybuses are causing problems and that when one stops due to the malfunction, it stops the entire traffic behind it. Though electric buses may be a better solution than the trams, Vučić's reasoning is dubious, just like the Vesić's. Trolleybus has easier traffic avoidance than a tram. Contrary to the trams, which indeed stops all the trams behind when one malfunction because they all use the same tracks when a trolleybus is broken, it is simply unhooked from the grid and is easily bypassed by the trolleybus behind it.
After public protests, the 2013 idea was modified in 2015 and the city announced that the terminus from Studentski Trg will be relocated to the Dunavska Street, extending the trolleybus lines to Dorćol, as a temporary solution. As of July 2019 nothing has been done regarding the trolleybuses relocation. Due to the massive 2018-2019 reconstruction of the Republic Square, some lines were shortened only to the Slavija quare, some were replaced with buses, while some were abolished completely. After continued citizens protests, city administration modified its idea of the large pedestrian zone in downtown and announced that all trolleybuses will be returned to their regular lines in September 2019, after the reconstruction of the square is finished. However, after the square was reopened for traffic on 1 November 2019, lines 21 and 22 remained shortened to the Slavija Square, while lines 19 and 28 were completely abolished due to the "overlapping in the central city zone". But it was also reported that the reduction (it also included several bus lines) is part of the ongoing plan by the city to transform the main traffic route into the pedestrian zone and because of the weight restrictions due to the botched reconstruction of the Republic Square.
Since 2016, both abolition of the trolleybuses and replacement with the electric buses, and purchase of new, modern vehicles which does not require complicated grid, were announced. The
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...
'
MAZ
Maz or MAZ may refer to:
* IATA code for Eugenio María de Hostos Airport, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
* Minsk Automobile Plant, abbreviated in Belarusian as MAZ
* Myc-associated zinc finger protein, a protein encoded by the ''MAZ'' gene
* Maz, a villa ...
was mentioned as a possible partner in this acquisition. City also mentioned possible renovation of the already operational fleet. Replacement of the old vehicles with the new ones was again mentioned in 2018, which was reiterated in the late 2019, when city announced purchase of 40 trolleybuses in 2020. This was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In December 2018, Ministry of construction, transportation and infrastructure instigated changes in the Law on Communal Activity, which would allow for private companies to operate trams and trolleybuses, as the present law allows them only to operate city transportation's bus lines. However, deputy mayor Vesić said that city will buy 80 electric buses instead and that trolleybus lines will be shut completely. In October 2019, a scandal broke out when it was reported that some 80 trolleybuses (64%) are not registered (which was discovered by the police in the spring of 2019). GSP general manager was charged, though the company claimed that vehicles have regular
technical inspections.
2020s
In April 2021, Belgrade city delegation visited
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
's tram factory
PC Transport Systems
PC Transport systems LLC (PC TS) is a Russian company specializing in the production of urban electric vehicles: trams, trolleybuses and electric buses.
History
The company was founded by Felix Vinokur in 2013, after leaving the founders of Tra ...
. President of the city assembly, Nikola Nikodijević, announced that 154 trolleybuses (with 130 trams) will be purchased by the city until 2033. Though not so publicly, like in the case of line No. 28, residents of the Konjarnik neighborhood also protested the shutting down of the line No. 19. In December 2021, during a meeting with the residents, deputy major Vesić announced the restoration of the line No. 19 for 4 January 2022. He also announced purchase of 80 new trolleybuses, and expansion of the grid in 2022, though the 2022 city budget has no funds allocated for this, so reporters connected statements with the upcoming city elections in April 2022. In the late 2021, due to the old age of the fleet, trolleybuses on line 21 were completely replaced with buses, until "the new trolleybuses are purchased". In February 2022 city announced that the process of acquiring 80 new vehicles began, and that plan is to purchase 20 trolleybuses per year in 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026.
In March 2023, petition was started to extend lines 19, 21 and 22 back to Studentski Trg, as the situation was for decades before 2019. Since then, the commuters had to transfer to other buses and trolleybuses at Slavija Square to reach downtown.
Dorćol route
As the city authorities continued with their already heavily criticized project of removing the traffic completely from downtown and conducting it into the neighborhood of Dorćol, they began the construction of the grid. Local residents opposed the idea and blocked the streets. When city sent workers to begin the works on the new grid, the residents physically prevented them. They are opposing the project which will reduce the sidewalks and number of parking spots, cut the trees and induce further traffic jams. City claimed they are doing this because of the wishes of the citizens but never provided any proof of that. After negotiations with the residents, city decided to temporarily halt the works and later announced the partial change of the route.
In March 2020, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
, a
state of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...
was declared in Serbia, which included social distancing, partial
curfew
A curfew is a government order specifying a time during which certain regulations apply. Typically, curfews order all people affected by them to ''not'' be in public places or on roads within a certain time frame, typically in the evening and ...
and ban on public gathering. The emergency was declared on 16 March and already on 17 March city began to cut trees to make way for the grid. Citizens reported that the city is building the route as they like, pushing aside what little agreement they made with the citizens, that workers employed in the construction don't follow protocolos of protection during the pandemic and that works are being done without all necessary permits since there was no time to obtain them so fast. City responded that now, when there is no traffic, it is ideal time to work and that they do everything as agreed with the citizens who are now legally prevented to organize protests and blockades due to the state of emergency. The works continued only during the night curfew, including loud construction works like the hydraulic concrete drilling. Police refused to intervene so the situation culminated in late April when citizens gathered in the streets, breaking the curfew and halting the works. Police then appeared with
black Marias but an
ad hoc
Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally 'to this'. In English, it typically signifies a solution for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances. (Compare with ''a priori''.)
Com ...
agreement was reached by which residents returned to their homes, and the works were stopped.
Line 28
City Hospital (today KBC Zvezdara) was opened on 1 December 1935. In the early 1941, before World War II began in Yugoslavia, the bus Line 28 was established, which connected City Hospital to
Theatre Square in downtown Belgrade, via
Hadžipopovac
Hadžipopovac ( sr, Хаџипоповац) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Palilula.
Location
Hadžipopovac is located in the central part of urban section of the mun ...
and
Profesorska Kolonija. The line was kept operational by the German occupational authorities throughout the war, from 1941 to 1944. After the war, the bus line of the similar route continued, but was renamed to Line 27. In 1949, the pre-war line was fully re-established, and the number 28 was returned.
The buses which operated on the line were
Miesse
Miesse was a Belgian maker of cars and trucks, active from 1894 to 1974.
History
Jules Miesse set up a mechanical workshop in 1894, and built his first cars in 1896. In 1902 Thomas Turner & Company acquired a licence to build the cars in the Unit ...
and
Renault
Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...
. Later bus brands on the line included
Leyland Royal Tiger Worldmaster
The Leyland Royal Tiger Worldmaster, sometimes simply known as the Leyland Worldmaster, was a mid-underfloor-engined single-decker bus or single-decker coach chassis manufactured by Leyland between 1954 and 1979.
Description
Succeeding the ...
,
MAN
A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromos ...
and
Ikarbus
Ikarbus a.d. (''Ikarbus - Fabrika autobusa i specijalnih vozila a.d.'') is a Serbian bus manufacturer based in Zemun.
It was originally established as an aircraft manufacturer in 1923, under the name Ikarus. In 1954, it commenced bus production ...
. The buses were replaced by trolleybuses in 1983, but neither the number nor the route changed (modern street names): Dimitrija Tucovića-Cvijićeva-Jaše Prodanovića-Takovska-Svetogorska-Makedonska-Republic Square-Vasina-Studentski Trg.
[
The changes in 2019, especially the shut down of the line 28 was described as the "complete miss" and caused public protests and gatherings, and street and works blockades. Thousands of people signed petition asking for the line to be restored and organized protests along the line's route. Closing and shortening of the lines in November 2019 right away resulted in crowds in the surviving lines and massive public discontent. Especially affected was Zvezdara municipality as lines 19, 21 and 28 were connecting different parts of Zvezdara to downtown. Furthermore, line 28 was the only line of public transportation which connected downtown to KBC Zvezdara, one of the largest medical-hospital complexes in Belgrade. Authorities said that everything is covered with changing buses on other lines, but it turned out that for some, previously direct routes, it takes an extra hour for the commuters. Another explanation by the authorities was reduced pollution in downtown. However, an extra diesel-operated bus line No. 22A, for the shortened section of the trolleybus lines through the city center, was introduced. Just five days into new network, mayor Zoran Radojičić said that line 28 "may be reintroduced". The residents continued to occasionally block the traffic and in February 2020 they placed a "monument" to line 28 at its former terminus at Studentski Trg.
The line was also directly connecting several students' dormitories to the Belgrade University. The abolishment and shortening of the lines was abrupt and unannounced. In the 2015 project, line 28 was not only preserved, but was planned for extension - to ]Medaković III
Medaković ( sr-Cyrl, Медаковић, ), or colloquially Medak (), is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Voždovac, with the easternmost part of Medaković III being in the mu ...
on one, and to Cerak Vinogradi
Cerak Vinogradi ( sr-Cyr, Церак Виногради) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Čukarica. Completed by 1988, in January 2019 it became the first modern neighborhood of B ...
, on the other side. When the reconstruction of the Republic Square began, it was stated that the shutting of the lines was temporary. And when the works were finished on 1 September 2019, all the lines were indeed restored. However, when two weeks later the newly renovated square began to fall apart, the cubes which were used for paving were turned upside down. After this was finished, the lines were shut down, unofficially, because of the mishandled reconstruction and poor quality.
After 4 months of protests, city finally accepted to hold talks with the citizens regarding line 28 in the late February 2020. Previously they completely ignored the protesters, not answering to any petition or question, refusing to disclose the study on which they based the abolishment of the line, even when they had to do it when the Law on Free Access to Information was invoked by the activists. After several sessions city remained insistent on enforcing pedestrian zone in the entire downtown and refusing to re-establish the line. The activists said they will physically prevent removal of the electric grid.[ In June 2020, city administration announced restoration of the line for 6 July, after the study of Transportation Faculty which showed that the restoration of the line is justified.]
Lines
As of 2017, there are seven lines in operation. They operate every day, on a different timetable, depending on the time of the day or if it is a weekend. There are no night trolleybus lines.
Former lines
All of the following lines were replaced by bus lines (other than the 11 which continued to be a trolleybus line):
Some of the recently abolished lines also include Line 22L, which operated from Kalemegdan to Slavija, as the shortest line of the public transportation in Belgrade () which was abolished on 3 September 2012, and Line 29N, night line which was abolished in 2006 and replaced by the bus. The L lines are still occasionally used as replacement for the regular lines during works.
The fleet
In 2012, when the fleet numbered 133 vehicles, the breakdown by the type was:
* AKSM-321
BKM-32102
BKM-321
BKM-32104C
The Belkommunmash BKM-321 is a Belarusian large capacity low-floor trolleybus for intercity passenger transportation, mass-produced since 2003. It belongs to the third generation of trolleybuses developed by the B ...
– 93 vehicles
* AKSM-333 – 12 vehicles
* TrolZa
Trolza (russian: ZАО "Троллейбусный завод" (Тролза)), formerly known as the Uritsky factory or simply Uritsky,Bushell, Chris; and Stonham, Peter (eds.) (1987). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1987'', pp. 603–605. ...
-62052.01 – 12 vehicles
* AKSM-201 – 10 vehicles
* ZiU-9
ZiU-9, or ZIU-9 (Cyrillic: ЗиУ-9) is a Soviet (and later Russian) trolleybus. Other names for the ZiU-9 are ZiU-682 and HTI-682 (Cyrillic: ЗиУ-682 and ХТИ-682). The ZiU acronym stands for ''Zavod imeni Uritskogo'', which is a plant nam ...
– 4 vehicles
* VMZ-5298.00 – 1 vehicle
* TrolZa-5275.05 Optima – 1 vehicle
3 Hess Hess or Heß may refer to:
* Hess (surname), also ''Heß'' in German, people with the surname Hess
* Hess, Oklahoma, a community in the United States
* Hess Educational Organization, the largest private provider of English instruction in the Repub ...
/Kiepe
Kiepe Electric GmbH (formerly Vossloh Kiepe) is a German manufacturer of electrical traction equipment for trams, trolleybuses other road and rail transport vehicles, as well as air-conditioning and heating systems, and conveyor device components. ...
lighTram buses will be delivered in June 2019.
Former types included:
* FIAT 668F – 31 vehicles (introduced in 1947)
* Alfa Romeo 140AF – 12 vehicles (1949)
* Goša I – 40 vehicles (1956) (domestic production)
* Goša II – 38 vehicles (1957–58) (domestic production)
* FAGES 63 – 60 vehicles (1964–65) (domestic production)
* Gräf & Stift
Gräf & Stift was an Austrian manufacturer of automobiles, trucks, buses and trolleybuses, from 1902 until 2001, latterly as a subsidiary of MAN. It was founded in 1902 by the brothers Franz, Heinrich and Karl Gräf, and the investor, Wilhelm S ...
GE 112 M 16 – 3 vehicles (2003) (donation by the city of Salzburg
Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872.
The town is on the site of the ...
)
* Gräf & Stift GOE 112 M 11 – 2 vehicles (2003) (donation by the city of Salzburg
Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872.
The town is on the site of the ...
)
Photos
See also
* Trams in Belgrade
The Belgrade tram system is a 1000 mm gauge network that in 2011 had 10 routes running on of (at least mostly double) track in the city of Belgrade, Serbia. It is operated with around 200 trams, including ČKD Tatra KT4, CAF Urbos, and Duewag B ...
* Transport in Belgrade
This article deals with the system of transport in Belgrade, both public and private.
Urban
Belgrade has an extensive public transport system, which consists of buses, trams, trolley buses and trains operated by the city-owned GSP Belgrade
References
Notes
External links
{{Transport in Belgrade
Transport in Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
1947 introductions
1947 establishments in Serbia