Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an
autonomous province of Italy, in the
country's far north. The Trentino and
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous area, Autonomous Provinces of Italy, province
, image_skyline = ...
constitute the
region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...
of
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
it, Trentino (man) it, Trentina (woman) or it, Altoatesino (man) it, Altoatesina (woman) or it, Sudtirolesegerman: Südtiroler (man)german: Südtirolerin (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title = Official ...
, an autonomous region under the constitution.
The province is composed of 166 ''
comuni
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' (municipalities). Its capital is the city of
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ce ...
(Trent). The province covers an area of more than , with a total population of 541,098 in 2019. Trentino is renowned for its
mountains, such as the
Dolomites
The Dolomites ( it, Dolomiti ; Ladin: ''Dolomites''; german: Dolomiten ; vec, Dołomiti : fur, Dolomitis), also known as the Dolomite Mountains, Dolomite Alps or Dolomitic Alps, are a mountain range located in northeastern Italy. They form pa ...
, which are part of the
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Swi ...
.
Etymology
The province is generally known as "Trentino". The name derives from Trento, the capital city of the province. Originally, the term was used by the local population only to refer to the city and its immediate surroundings. Under former
Austrian
Austrian may refer to:
* Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent
** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law
* Austrian German dialect
* Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
rule, which began in the 19th century (previously, Trentino was governed by the local bishop), the common
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
name for the region was ''Welschtirol'' () or ''Welschsüdtirol'' (‘Italian South Tyrol’), or just ''Südtirol'', meaning South Tyrol with reference to its geographic position as the southern part of Tyrol.
The corresponding Italian name was ''Tirolo Meridionale'', which was historically used to describe the wider southern part of the County of Tyrol, specifically Trentino and sometimes also today's South Tyrol, or ''Tirolo Italiano''. In its wider sense, ''Trentino'' was first used around 1848 in an article by a member of the
Frankfurt National Assembly
The Frankfurt Parliament (german: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally ''Frankfurt National Assembly'') was the first freely elected parliament for all German states, including the German-populated areas of Austria-Hungary, elected on 1 Ma ...
; it became a popular term among leftist intellectual circles in Austria.
Since the new 1972 autonomous status, the administrative name of the province is ''Autonomous Province of Trento'' ( it, Provincia autonoma di Trento, links=no, german: Autonome Provinz Trient, links=no).
[Official Journals of the Provincia autonoma di Trento/Autonome Provinz Trient]
No. 1 (2002)
No. 17 (2003)
No. 23 (2003)
No. 39 (2003)
No. 45 (2006)
No. 20 (2007)
an
No. 25 (2007)
History
![Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino.png)
The history of Trentino begins in the mid-
Stone Age. The valleys of what is now Trentino were already inhabited by man, the main settlements being in the valley of the
Adige
The Adige (; german: Etsch ; vec, Àdexe ; rm, Adisch ; lld, Adesc; la, Athesis; grc, Ἄθεσις, Áthesis, or , ''Átagis'') is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the pro ...
River, thanks to its milder climate.
In the early Middle Ages, this area was included within the
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and f ...
and the
March of Verona. In 1027, the
Bishopric of Trent was established as a
State
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
by Emperor
Conrad II
Conrad II ( – 4 June 1039), also known as and , was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039. The first of a succession of four Salian emperors, who reigned for one century until 1125, Conrad ruled the kingdoms ...
. It was an ecclesiastical territory, roughly corresponding to the present-day Trentino, governed by the
Prince-Bishops of Trento.
The
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described a ...
, held in three major sessions from 1545 to 1563, with the first at Trento, was one of the important councils in the history of the
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
. It was an articulation of Roman Catholic doctrine in response to the
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and ...
, and specified doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon.
After the
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
of the early 19th century, the bishopric was secularized and absorbed into the Austrian
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised ...
. It was governed by the
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine (german: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen) originated from the marriage in 1736 of Francis III, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Maria Theresa of Austria, later successively Queen of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary, Queen of C ...
. The region was the location of
heavy fighting during
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, as it was directly on the front lines between
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
. Trentino was occupied by Italy in November 1918 and was annexed in 1919 by the Kingdom of Italy in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, the Italian and Austrian Foreign Ministers signed the
Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement, creating the autonomous region of Trentino-South Tyrol, consisting of the autonomous provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol. Since the treaty, Trentino has enjoyed considerable autonomy from the Italian central government in
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. It has its own elected government and legislative assembly.
In 1996, the
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
In European politics, the term Euroregion usually refers to a transnational co-operation structure between two (or more) contiguous territories located in different European countries. Euroregions represent a specific type of cross-border region. ...
was formed between the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino. The boundaries of the association correspond to the old County of Tyrol. The aim is to promote regional peace, understanding and cooperation in many areas. The region's assemblies meet together as one on various occasions and have set up a common liaison office to the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
in
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
.
Geography
![Marmolata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Marmolata.JPG)
Trentino is a mountainous region. The
Adige River flows through the central Trentino in a valley named after the river. The principal towns of Trentino lie in the Adige Valley, which has been a historical passage connecting Italy with Northern Europe. Among other important valleys are
Non Valley
The Non Valley ( it, Val di Non or ; Nones: ''Val de Nòn''; german: Nonstal or ; la, Anaunia) is a valley mainly in the Trentino. Morever, the (), a subregion, consists of three primarily German-speaking municipalities in the province of Sout ...
, known for its apple production,
Sole Valley,
Giudicarie
200px, Territory of Giudicarie (green) in Trentino province (gray)
Giudicarie (also ''Val Giudicarie'' and ''Valli Giudicarie'', german: Judikarien) is an area of Western Trentino, northern Italy, which includes the upper courses of the rivers ...
, which has been historically connected by Trento and
Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; vec, Bressa) is a city and ''comune'' in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Garda and Iseo ...
,
Fiemme and
Fassa
The Fassa Valley ( Ladin: ''Fascia'', it, Val di Fassa, german: Fassatal) is a valley in the Dolomites in Trentino, northern Italy. As an administrative valley community (Italian: ''Comunità di valle'', German: ''Talgemeinschaft'') of Trentino, i ...
,
Lagarina,
Mocheni,
Sugana Valley and many others.
The province has an area of , and a total population of 524,826 (2010). There are 217 ''comuni'' (singular: ''
comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
''), in the province.
The
Marmolada
Marmolada ( Ladin: ''Marmolèda''; German: ''Marmolata'', ) is a mountain in northeastern Italy and the highest mountain of the Dolomites (a section of the Alps). It lies between the borders of Trentino and Veneto. The Marmolada is an ultra-p ...
, at above sea level, is the highest mountain in the Dolomites. The glacier on the Marmolada is also a landmark. Other high mountains include the
Monte Baldo
Monte Baldo (german: Waldberg) is a mountain range in the Italian Alps, located in the provinces of Trento and Verona. Its ridge spans mainly northeast-southwest, and is bounded from south by the highland ending at Caprino Veronese, from west b ...
,
Carè Alto
Carè Alto is a mountain in the Italian Alps, near Trento, above the San Valentino valley. It has a summit elevation of . It is a mountain of the Adamello-Presanella Group in the provinces of Trentino and Brescia and is part of the Southern Lim ...
,
Cermis
Cermis (Alpe Cermis in italian) is a mountain of the Lagorai group in eastern Trentino, Italy in the ''comune'' of Cavalese.
Part of the Val di Fiemme-Obereggen, it is famous for its ski slopes.
It was the scene of major disasters involving th ...
,
Crozzon di Brenta
Crozzon di Brenta (3,135m) is a mountain in the Brenta Group of the Southern Limestone Alps in Trentino, Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is loca ...
,
Hintere Eggenspitze,
Latemar
The Latemar is a mountain in the Dolomites on the border between South Tyrol and Trentino, Italy. It is a popular hiking destination. It is best known for its view from the
Karersee
Lake Carezza ( it, Lago di Carezza; german: Karersee) is a s ...
,
Paganella
Paganella is a mountain of the Brenta Group in Trentino, northern Italy. It is located in the territories of the ''comuni'' of Fai della Paganella, Andalo, Molveno, Zambana and Terlago. Overlooking Trento from north-west, it consists of a ...
,
Piz Boè,
Presanella
Presanella is a mountain in the Adamello-Presanella range of the Italian Alps of northern Italy. Presanella has an elevation of 3,558 meters and is located in the Adamello Brenta National Park within the Trentino province of Italy.
Climbing h ...
,
Punta San Matteo
Punta San Matteo is a secondary peak of Ortler-Vioz in the Ortler Alps, at the border between the Province of Sondrio (Lombardy region) and Trentino (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region) in northern Italy.
It was the scene of the Battle of San ...
and
Vezzana
The Vezzana (also Cima di Vezzana) is the highest peak in the Pala group, a mountain range of the Dolomites, northern Italy. It is located in the northern part of the Dolomites, between the Taibon Agordino and Primiero comunes of Belluno and Tr ...
.
Politics
The 1972 second Statute of Autonomy for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
devolved
Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level. It is a form of administrative decentralization. Devolved territories ...
most legislative and executive competences from the regional level to the provincial level, creating ''
de facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...
'' two separate regions. Administratively, the province enjoys a large degree of autonomy in the following sectors: health, education, welfare and transport infrastructure. The provincial council comprises 35 members, one of whom must by law be drawn from the
Ladin
Ladin may refer to:
* Ladin language, a language in northern Italy, often classified as a Rhaeto-Romance language
*Ladin people, the inhabitants of the Dolomite Alps region of northern Italy
See also
*Laden (disambiguation)
* Ladino (disambigua ...
minority.
In the
elections in 2013, the strongest party became the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
(''Partito Democratico del Trentino'') with 9 deputies,
Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
The Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party ( it, Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese, PATT) is a regionalist, autonomist, Christian-democratic and centrist political party in Trentino, Italy.
The PATT is the unofficial counterpart of the South ...
(8),
Union for Trentino
The Union for Trentino ( it, Unione per il Trentino, UpT) is a Regionalism (politics), regionalist, Centrism, centrist and Christian democracy, Christian-democratic List of political parties in Trentino, political party active in Trentino, Italy. ...
(5),
Lega Nord Trentino (2),
Forza Italia (1),
Five Stars Movement (1), Trentino Project (1),
Ladin Autonomist Union (1), Civic Trentino (1),
Administer Trentino (1), with one
independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independ ...
.
The executive powers are attributed to the provincial government (Italian: ''Giunta Provinciale''), headed by the
governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(''Presidente''). Since 2018 the governor is
Maurizio Fugatti of the rightist
Lega Nord. The president of the provincial council alternates with the
governor of South Tyrol as president of the
Trentino-South Tyrol region. The regional government has its seat in the former ''Hotel Imperial'' in Trento.
The Ladin community has one reserved seat in the provincial assembly and is thereby guaranteed political representation.
Administration
Due to the division of the province into the 217 municipalities (''Comuni/Gemeinden''), often of small or even tiny size, in the late 1970s, eleven larger units known as districts (''comprensori'') were introduced. The municipalities forming a district elect the council for that district. However, this tier of government has provoked criticism, and, in 2006, a reform created fifteen more homogeneous "Valley Communities" (''comunità di valle'', ''Talgemeinden'') and one territory including the municipalities of
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ce ...
,
Cimone
Cimone (''Zimón'' in local dialect) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 599 and an area of .A ...
,
Aldeno
Aldeno is a ''comune'' in Trentino in north Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory ...
and
Garniga Terme
Garniga Terme (''Garniga'' in local dialect) is a ''Communes of Trentino, comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italy, Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had ...
(see
Municipalities of Trentino
The list shows the municipalities (''comuni'') of the autonomous province of Trento, Italy. Trentino is divided into 176 administrative subdivisions (''Comuni/ Gemeinden''). Some municipalities have a second official language such as German (Cimbri ...
).
![Unités administratives du trentin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Unit%C3%A9s_administratives_du_trentin.svg)
As of 2009, the only municipalities with a population over 20,000 were Trento,
Rovereto
Rovereto (; "wood of sessile oaks"; locally: ''Roveredo'') is a city and ''comune'' in Trentino in northern Italy, located in the Vallagarina valley of the Adige River.
History
Rovereto was an ancient fortress town standing at the frontier ...
, and
Pergine Valsugana
Pergine Valsugana (''Pèrzen'' in local dialect, german: Fersen im Suganertal) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about east of Trento.
Pergine Valsugana borders th ...
.
Economy
![Riva del Garda](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Riva_del_Garda.jpg)
The
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is oft ...
(GDP) of the region was 20.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 1.2% of Italy's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 37,900 euros or 126% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 119% of the EU average.
Despite the overwhelmingly mountainous nature of the territory, agriculture remains important. Farms often join to form larger cooperatives. The most important produce comprises
apple
An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ' ...
s (50% of national production, together with South Tyrol) and other fruit, vegetables (primarily in the
Val di Gresta), and
grape
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus '' Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.
The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years a ...
s. Important especially for their quality, the latter are used for the production of
dry and sparkling wines.
In January 2008, the
Edmund Mach Foundation was established to promote research, training and services in the agricultural, agri-food and environmental fields.
The primary industries, often small and medium-sized, are concentrated in Valsugana, Vallagarina and the Adige Valleys. Sectors include textiles, mechanics, wood and paper productions. Also important is the production of hydro-electric energy.
Tourism is the mainstay of the provincial economy. The main resorts include:
Madonna di Campiglio
Madonna di Campiglio (german: Sankt Maria im Pein) is a village and a ski resort in northeast Italy. It is a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Pinzolo. The village lies in the Val Rendena at an elevation of above sea level, and has approximat ...
,
San Martino di Castrozza
San Martino di Castrozza is a mountain resort in the Primiero valley in the Trentino province in Italy. The western part, with 428 inhabitants, is in the comune of Siror, with the eastern, housing 135 inhabitants, in Tonadico.
History
The fir ...
,
Fiera di Primiero
Fiera di Primiero (german: Primör) was a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about east of Trento. It was merged with Siror, Tonadico
Tonadico (german: Thunadich) was a ' ...
,
Canazei
Canazei ( Ladin: ''Cianacéi'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located in the upper part of the Val di Fassa, about northeast of Trento. Its name derives from the Latin ...
,
Moena
Moena (Ladin: ''Moéna'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento. It is the largest comune in the Fassa Valley. In the census of 2001, 1,967 inha ...
,
Cavalese
Cavalese (''Cavalés'' in local dialect) is a ''comune'' of 4,004 inhabitants in Trentino, northern Italy, a ski resort and the main center in the Fiemme Valley. It is part of the Magnifica Comunità di Fiemme (Magnificent Community of Fiemme) a ...
,
Folgaria
Folgaria (Cimbrian: ''Folgrait'', from the Latin ''filicaria'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2013, it had a population ...
,
Folgarida-Marilleva,
Riva del Garda
Riva del Garda (''Rìva'' in local dialect) is a town and ''comune'' in the northern Italian province of Trento of the Trentino Alto Adige region. It is also known simply as ''Riva'' and is located at the northern tip of Lake Garda.
History
Ri ...
and
Levico Terme,
Comano Terme
Comano Terme (''Comàn'' in local dialect) is an Italian ''comune'' (municipality) of the province of Trentino in northern Italy. It was created on 1 January 2010 by the union of the former ''comuni'' of Bleggio Inferiore and Lomaso.
History
The ...
and
Roncegno
Roncegno Terme (''Ronzégno'' in local dialect) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about east of Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, ...
, these last three being renowned thermal stations.
The unemployment rate stood at 5.3% in 2020.
Transport
![Trento mappa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Trento_mappa.png)
The Trentino province is crossed by the main road and rail connections between Italy and
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. These include the Brenner A22 motorway and road which passes through the Etsch/Adige Valley. A regional project of switching much of the road traffic to railways is currently under consideration.
The province has two more railways: the Valsugana Line, connecting Trento to
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
and the
Trento-Malè-Marilleva railway between Trento and
Malè.
Demographics
In 2019 the population of Trentino was 541,098. The highest concentration of the population is located around the capital city of Trento, and the southern parts. The whole region is divided up into 175 municipalities.
Languages
![Language distribution Trentino 2011](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Language_distribution_Trentino_2011.png)
The majority of the Trentino population is
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
-speaking with its local dialects. The region is also home to three indigenous linguistic minorities, which are
Ladin
Ladin may refer to:
* Ladin language, a language in northern Italy, often classified as a Rhaeto-Romance language
*Ladin people, the inhabitants of the Dolomite Alps region of northern Italy
See also
*Laden (disambiguation)
* Ladino (disambigua ...
,
Mócheno and
Cimbrian
Cimbrian ( cim, zimbar, links=no, ; german: Zimbrisch; it, cimbro) refers to any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in northeastern Italy. The speakers of the language are known as ''Zimbern'' in German.
Cimbrian is a Germanic l ...
. All languages are protected by regional and provincial laws, statutes, and regulations.
After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
and the devolution of power to regional authorities, a change in policy slowly began, which gained momentum in the 1990s. Since then a number of far-reaching laws and regulations have been passed and implemented, that protect and promote the use of these three languages and the unique cultural heritage and identity. This has for example been extended to school curricula in the regional languages and street signs becoming bilingual. All three minorities have their own cultural institute which were decreed by national law and receive state funds. The purpose of these cultural institutes is to safeguard and promote the respective culture and languages.
The Ladin minority is found in the
Fassa Valley
The Fassa Valley (Ladin: ''Fascia'', it, Val di Fassa, german: Fassatal) is a valley in the Dolomites in Trentino, northern Italy. As an administrative valley community (Italian: ''Comunità di valle'', German: ''Talgemeinschaft'') of Trentino, ...
, in the municipalities of
Canazei
Canazei ( Ladin: ''Cianacéi'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located in the upper part of the Val di Fassa, about northeast of Trento. Its name derives from the Latin ...
(''Cianacei''),
Campitello di Fassa
Campitello di Fassa ( Ladin: ''Ciampedèl'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento (100 km by road).
In the census of 2001, 625 inhabitant ...
(''Ciampedèl''),
Mazzin
Mazzin ( Ladin: ''Mazin'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 60 km northeast of Trento.
In the census of 2001, 381 inhabitants out of 440 (86.6%) declared ...
(''Mazin''),
Moena
Moena (Ladin: ''Moéna'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento. It is the largest comune in the Fassa Valley. In the census of 2001, 1,967 inha ...
,
Soraga
Soraga di Fassa ( Ladin: ''Soraga'' or ''Soréga'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento. Soraga borders the following municipalities: Sèn Ja ...
and
Sèn Jan di Fassa
San Giovanni di Fassa (in ladin: ''Sèn Jan'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It was formed on 1 January 2018 after the merger of the former ''comuni'' of Pozza di Fassa and ...
. In the census of 2001, 16,462 inhabitants of Trentino declared Ladin as their native language.
Mócheno is still spoken in the municipalities of
Frassilongo
Frassilongo ( Mocheno: ''Garait'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 354 and an area of .All demog ...
(''Garait''),
Palù del Fersina
Palù del Fersina ( Mocheno: ''Palai/Palae en Bersntol'', german: Palai im Fersental) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento. As of 31 December 200 ...
(''Palai en Bersntol'') and
Fierozzo
Fierozzo ( Mócheno: ''Vlarotz'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 456 and an area of .All d ...
(''Vlarötz''), while the Cimbrian language is spoken in
Luserna
Luserna ( Cimbrian: ''Lusérn'', german: Lusern) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 284 and ...
(''Lusérn'').
The 2001 census found there were 2,276 native Mócheno and 882 Cimbrian speakers.
The linguistic breakdown according to the census of 2001 is:
The
Nones language hails from the
Non Valley
The Non Valley ( it, Val di Non or ; Nones: ''Val de Nòn''; german: Nonstal or ; la, Anaunia) is a valley mainly in the Trentino. Morever, the (), a subregion, consists of three primarily German-speaking municipalities in the province of Sout ...
and is considered by some linguists a variant of Ladin. Estimates range up to 30,000 speakers. The
Solandro language is also under debate as to whether it is a dialect of Ladin or a separate language. Native speakers are mainly found in the
Sole Valley and are estimated to be up to 15,000. Both idioms are alternatively considered as dialects within the range of
Gallo-Romance languages
The Gallo-Romance branch of the Romance languages includes in the narrowest sense the Langues d'oïl and Franco-Provençal. However, other definitions are far broader, variously encompassing the Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic, and Rhaeto-Rom ...
. There is no official census to date that has Nones and Solandro as officially distinct languages. The total number of Ladin speakers in the census of 2001 exceeds the population of around 7,500 in the Fassa Valley. A number of Nones and Solandro speakers identified as Ladin speakers, while others chose not to exercise that option due to the disagreement whether or not their languages are Ladin or a separate idiom.
Culture
The Trentino is a region of cultural encounters. Already in the past
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
,
Italians
, flag =
, flag_caption = The national flag of Italy
, population =
, regions = Italy 55,551,000
, region1 = Brazil
, pop1 = 25–33 million
, ref1 =
, region2 ...
and
Ladins joined in this area. The alpine province is a piece of land, in which mountain passes and elevated plains join hilly valleys and plains and in which different people and cultures join. Its history, but also the relatively insular geographic position of some valleys led to an extraordinary richness in culture and many customs and traditions that have been kept alive up to the present. Also some minority groups and gastronomic peculiarities have been preserved till now.
Museums
In the territory of the Province there are numerous museums, which have had significant development over the last twenty years by the financial resources of the Province. Among the main ones:
*
the modern and contemporary art museum of Trento and Rovereto (MART), inaugurated in 2002, based in Corso Bettini in
Rovereto
Rovereto (; "wood of sessile oaks"; locally: ''Roveredo'') is a city and ''comune'' in Trentino in northern Italy, located in the Vallagarina valley of the Adige River.
History
Rovereto was an ancient fortress town standing at the frontier ...
. The modern architectural structure was designed by Mario Botta and fits harmoniously into the historical fabric of the city. MART can boast an extensive permanent collection of contemporary works and aims to take on an increasingly international dimension.
* the , museum of the sciences of Trento.
* The Civic Museum of Rovereto, founded in 1851 and among the oldest Italian museums;
* the Buonconsiglio museum near the castle of the same name and the Historical Museum in
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ce ...
in via Torre d'Augusto;
* the Tridentine Museum of Natural Sciences, located in Trento;
* the aeronautics museum, dedicated to
Gianni Caproni
Giovanni Battista Caproni, 1st Count of Taliedo (July 3, 1886 – October 27, 1957), known as "Gianni" Caproni, was an Italian aeronautical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, and aircraft designer who founded the Caproni aircraft-m ...
(based in
Mattarello);
* the museum of the uses and customs of the Trentino people, one of the major ethnographic and material culture museums of the entire
Alpine area, with headquarters in
San Michele all'Adige
San Michele all'Adige ( Trentino dialect: ''Samichél''Teresa Cappello, Carlo Tagliavini, ''Dizionario degli Etnici e dei Toponimi Italiani'', Bologna, ed. Pàtron, 1981.) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Tr ...
;
* the Italian historical museum of the War of Rovereto, dedicated to the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, hosted at the city's castle.
* the geological museum of the
Dolomites
The Dolomites ( it, Dolomiti ; Ladin: ''Dolomites''; german: Dolomiten ; vec, Dołomiti : fur, Dolomitis), also known as the Dolomite Mountains, Dolomite Alps or Dolomitic Alps, are a mountain range located in northeastern Italy. They form pa ...
in Predazzo
* Padre Kino Museum located in Segno in the
Val di Non
The Non Valley ( it, Val di Non or ; Nones: ''Val de Nòn''; german: Nonstal or ; la, Anaunia) is a valley mainly in the Trentino. Morever, the (), a subregion, consists of three primarily German-speaking municipalities in the province of Sout ...
chronicles the life of missionary explorer
Eusebio Kino
Eusebio Francisco Kino ( it, Eusebio Francesco Chini, es, Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 – 15 March 1711), often referred to as Father Kino, was a Tyrolean Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer bor ...
and the indigenous people of today's borderlands of Arizona and Sonora.
Also worthy of note are the cultural institutes and museums dedicated to the three minorities of the Province, the Istitut cultural Ladin "majon di fascegn" in Val di Fassa and the "Kulturinstitut Bersntol - Lusérn" for the promotion of German-speaking minorities mòchene and Cimbre.
Castles
In the region there are numerous castles. With the financial aid of Province, some of them could be restored and are now open to the public. Here the most important:
*
Castel del Buonconsiglio , in
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ce ...
;
*
Castel Thun, in the
Val di Non
The Non Valley ( it, Val di Non or ; Nones: ''Val de Nòn''; german: Nonstal or ; la, Anaunia) is a valley mainly in the Trentino. Morever, the (), a subregion, consists of three primarily German-speaking municipalities in the province of Sout ...
;
* Castel Stenico, in the
Vallagarina
Lagarina Valley ( it, Vallagarina, german: Lagertal) is a valley in northern Italy, used to define the lower mountain course of the Adige River. It is mostly included in the province of Trentino, with the lower section being part of the provin ...
;
* Castel Beseno, in the
Adige Valley
The Adige (; german: Etsch ; vec, Àdexe ; rm, Adisch ; lld, Adesc; la, Athesis; grc, Ἄθεσις, Áthesis, or , ''Átagis'') is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the pro ...
;
* Castel Toblino, in the Valle del Sarca;
* Castel Cles, near
Cles
Cles (german: Glöß; Nones: ''Clés'' or ''Cliès'') is a town and ''comune'' in Trentino, in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region of northern Italy. It is the main town of Val di Non.
It is the main town of and is located in Val di Non. M ...
in the Val di Non;
*
Arco Castle, in
Arco.
Sports and recreation
![Maratona dles Dolomites - Campolongo Pass](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Maratona_dles_Dolomites_-_Campolongo_Pass.jpg)
The region offers many opportunities for mountain climbing and trekking and
winter sports
Winter sports or winter activities are competitive sports or non-competitive recreational activities which are played on snow or ice. Most are variations of skiing, ice skating and sledding. Traditionally, such games were only played in cold are ...
. Important winter events are the world championships organised by the
International Ski Federation (FSI) such as the
Nordic ski 1991,
2003 and
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
,
snowboarding 2001 and
freestyle ski championship 2007, as well as the
Adamello Ski Raid
The Adamello Ski Raid is an annual ski mountaineering competition at the Italian Tonale Pass declared as the final race of the European Cup of Ski Mountaineering by the International Council for Ski Mountaineering Competitions The International Cou ...
and
Marcialonga
Marcialonga is a cross-country ski race which is arranged for the last Sunday in January in Trentino in Italy. It was first held in 1971 and has been a part of Worldloppet as long as Worldloppet has been around.
The run begins in Moena, where th ...
. The
Tour de Ski
Tour or Tours may refer to:
Travel
* Tourism, travel for pleasure
* Tour of duty, a period of time spent in military service
* Campus tour, a journey through a college or university's campus
* Guided tour, a journey through a location, directed ...
has since 2007 had its conclusion in Val di Fiemme with the Final Climb stage up the alpine skiing course on
Alpe Cermis
Cermis (Alpe Cermis in italian) is a mountain of the Lagorai group in eastern Trentino, Italy in the ''comune'' of Cavalese.
Part of the Val di Fiemme-Obereggen, it is famous for its ski slopes.
It was the scene of major disasters involving t ...
.
During the spring and summer, cycling is a big event in the region, such as the
Giro del Trentino
The Tour of the Alps is an annual professional cycling stage race in Italy and Austria. First held in 1962, it was named Giro del Trentino ( en, Tour of Trentino) until 2016, and run over four stages in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region o ...
and
Maratona dles Dolomites
The Maratona dles Dolomites (Ladin for "Dolomites Marathon"; it, Maratona delle Dolomiti), is an annual single-day road bicycle race covering seven mountain passes in the Dolomites. Open to amateur cyclists, the Maratona—with 9,000 riders ...
over the mountain passes. Cross country racing such as the
Cross della Vallagarina and the 10-kilometre road running competition
Giro al Sas
The Giro al Sas, also known as the Giro Podistico di Trento and the Giro Internazionale Città di Trento, is an annual 10-kilometre road running competition for men which takes place in October in the city of Trento, Italy.
First held as a part of ...
also take place.
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
is a popular ball sport in Trentino. Teams within the region are
U.S. Alta Vallagarina,
A.C. Mezzocorona,
A.S.D. Porfido Albiano and
Trento Calcio 1921.
Trentino Volley
Trentino Volley is a professional Italian volleyball team based in Trento, in northern Italy. It plays in the Italian Volleyball League without interruption since 2000. It has won four times the Italian Volleyball League, the Italian Cup, the Ita ...
is a professional Italian
volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Sum ...
team. It has played in the Italian Volleyball League without interruption since 2000, while
Aquila Trento is a
basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...
team in the Italian top league.
See also
*
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
*
History of Tyrol
The history of Tyrol, a historical region in the middle alpine area of Central Europe, dates back to early human settlements at the end of the last glacier period, around 12,000 BC. Sedentary settlements of farmers and herders can be traced back to ...
*
Trentino-South Tyrol
*
Novella, Trentino
References
External links
*
Official homepage of the provincial administration
{{Authority control
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...