The Trans–São Francisco languages
[Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. ]
Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo
'. Doctoral dissertation, University of BrasÃlia. (Portuguese: Transanfranciscano) are a proposed grouping of languages within
Macro-Jê. They consist of the
Krenák,
MaxakalÃan, and possibly also the
Kamakã families. The Trans–São Francisco group was originally proposed and demonstrated by Nikulin and Silva (2020) under the name of MaxakalÃ-Krenák.
They are named after the
São Francisco River
The São Francisco River (, ) is a large Rivers of Brazil, river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon R ...
of
Northeast Brazil
The Northeast Region of Brazil ( ) is one of the five official and political regions of Brazil, regions of the country according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Of Brazil's twenty-six states, it comprises nine: Maranhão, ...
.
Classification
Internal classification of Trans–São Francisco by Nikulin (2020):
*Trans–São Francisco
**
Krenák (Borum)
**
MaxakalÃan
***''
MalalÃ''
***Nuclear MaxakalÃan
****''
MaxakalÃ''
****''
Ritual MaxakalÃ
A ritual is a repeated, structured sequence of actions or behaviors that alters the internal or external state of an individual, group, or environment, regardless of conscious understanding, emotional context, or symbolic meaning. Traditionally ...
''; ''
MakonÃ''
****''
Pataxó''; ''
Pataxó-Hãhãhãe''
****''
Koropó''
**?
Kamakã (possibly part of Trans–São Francisco)
***''
Masakará''
***Southern Kamakã
****''
Menien''
****''
Kamakã''; ''
Kotoxó''/''
Mongoyó''
Proto-language
Proto-Trans–São Francisco has been reconstructed by Nikulin (2020),
while there is also a
Proto-Kamakã reconstruction by Martins (2007).
[Martins, Andérbio Márcio Silva. 2007. ''Revisão da FamÃlia LingüÃstica Kamakã Proposta por Chestmir Loukotka''. MA thesis, ]University of BrasÃlia
A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Uni ...
.
See also
*
Macro-Jê languages
*
Kariri languages#Other languages called 'Kariri'
*
Further reading
*Nikulin, Andrey and Mário André Coelho da Silva
As lÃnguas Maxakalà e Krenák dentro do tronco Macro-Jê ''Cadernos de EtnolingüÃstica'' (ISSN 1946-7095), (8)1:1-64.
References
Macro-Jê languages
Indigenous languages of Northeastern Brazil
Proposed language families
{{Macro-Jê-lang-stub