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Malalí Language
Malalí is an extinct Maxakalian language of Brazil.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Distribution Malali was historically spoken in an area between the Jequitinhonha River, Araçuaí River, and Suaçuí Grande River near Minas Novas, Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ....Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015)Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro ''LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas'', 15(2), 223 - 277. References Maxakalían languages Extinct languages of South America Languages of Brazil {{Macro-Jê-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macro-Jê Languages
Macro-Jê (also spelled Macro-Gê) is a medium-sized language stock in South America, mostly in Brazil but also in the Chiquitanía region in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, as well as (formerly) in small parts of Argentina and Paraguay. It is centered on the Jê language family, with most other branches currently being single languages due to recent extinctions. Families The Macro-Jê family was first proposed in 1926, and has undergone moderate modifications since then. Kaufman (1990) finds the proposal "probable". * Jê * Jeikó † * Krenák (Botocudo) ** Krenak (10 speakers) * Borôroan **Bororo ***Bororo (1,400 speakers) *** Umotína † ** Otuke † * Kamakã † * Karajá (2,700 speakers) * Karirí † * Maxakalían * Ofayé (2 speakers) * Purían † * Rikbaktsá * Yabutian oribund Eduardo Ribeiro of the University of Chicago finds no evidence to classify Fulniô (Yatê) and Guató as Macro-Jê, ''pace'' Kaufman, nor Otí, ''pace'' Greenberg. Ribeiro does include Chiquitano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxakalían Languages
The Maxakalían languages (also Mashakalían) were first classified into the Jê languages. It was only in 1931 that Čestmír Loukotka separated them from the Jê family. Alfred Métraux and Curt Nimuendajú considered the Maxakalían family isolated from others. John Alden Mason suggests a connection with the Macro-Jê stock, confirmed by Aryon Rodrigues. Languages Apart from extinct varieties generally seen as dialects of Maxakalí, Mason noted resemblances with a few other extinct languages of the area: Pataxó, Malalí and Coropó. However, Coropó is now thought to be a Purian language. Campbell (1997) therefore lists the Maxakalian languages as: # Malalí ''(†)'' # Pataxó (Patashó) ''(†)'' (retain some words) # Maxakalí (Mashacalí) (1,270 speakers) ''Glottolog'' (2016) restores Coropó (Koropó) as a Maxakalían language. Nikulin (2020) Nikulin (2020) proposes the following internal classification of the Maxakalían languages:Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants. In contrast, a dead language is one that is no longer the native language of any community, even if it is still in use, like Latin. A dormant language is a dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to a particular group. These languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that currently have living native speakers are sometimes called modern languages to contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts. In the modern period, languages have typically become extinct as a result of the process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favour of a foreign ''lingua franca'', largely those of European countries. As of the 2000s, a total of roughly 7,000 natively spoken languages existed worldwide. Most of these are minor languages in dang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jequitinhonha River
The Jequitinhonha River () flows mainly through the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Its source lies near Diamantina in the Espinhaço Mountains at an elevation of , after which it flows northward and then east-northeastward across the uplands. At Salto da Divisa, it is interrupted by the Cachoeira (falls) do Salto Grande, high. The river descends to the coastal plain at the city of Jequitinhonha, beyond which it is also called Rio Grande do Belmonte, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Belmonte in Bahia state after a course of approximately . The main tributaries are the Araçuaí River, Piauí, São Miguel, Itacambiruçu, Salinas, São Pedro, and São Francisco. The valley of the Jequitinhonha is one of the poorest regions of Brazil and is still prone to endemic yellow fever. It covers , twice the size of Switzerland, and has an approximate population of one million people, distributed in about 80 municipalities. The most populous of these is Almenara (36,254 in 2004) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araçuaí River
The Araçuaí River ( pt, Rio Araçuaí, links=no) is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil. The Araçuaí River flows through the Jequitinhonha Valley in the northeast of Minas Gerais, through the town of Araçuaí, which the river takes its name from. It is a tributary of the Jequitinhonha River, flowing south from its right bank. The confluence of the river is located at . Tributaries include the Gravatá River (Minas Gerais), Gravatá River, Setúbal River, Capivara River (Araçuaí River), Capivara River, Fanado River and the Itamarandiba River. River valley According to the Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP) (João Pinheiro Foundation), an agency of the government of the state of Minas Gerais, which has the responsibility to provide technical support services to the State Secretariat for Planning and Management and other state operational systems, the Araçuaí River raises in the Senador Modestino Gonçalves district and joins the Jequitinhonha River in the Araçu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suaçuí Grande River
The Suaçuí Grande River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil. See also * List of rivers of Minas Gerais References Mapfrom Ministry of Transport A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government ag ... * Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993. Rivers of Minas Gerais {{MinasGerais-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minas Novas
Minas Novas is a municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In 2020, the population was 31,497 in a total area of 1,810 km². The elevation of the urban area is 635 meters. It is part of the IBGE statistical meso-region of Jequitinhonha and the micro-region of Capelinha. It became a municipality in 1730. The economy is based on cattle raising, services and subsistence agriculture, with the main crops being coffee, rice, beans, sugarcane and corn. There were plantations of eucalyptus trees for charcoal production. In 2005, there were 3,367 rural producers but only 19 tractors. 10,500 persons were dependent on agriculture. In 2005, there were ten public health clinics, one of them carrying out diagnosis and complete therapy. There was one hospital with 69 beds. Educational needs were met by 68 primary schools, five middle schools and ten nursery schools. There were 867 automobiles in 2006, giving a ratio of 35 inhabitants per automobile (there were 1,290 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally "Beautiful Horizon"), is a major urban and finance center in Latin America, and the sixth largest municipality in Brazil, after the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Brasília and Fortaleza, but its metropolitan area is the third largest in Brazil with just over 5.8 million inhabitants, after those of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Nine Brazilian presidents were born in Minas Gerais, the most of any state. The state has 10.1% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 8.7% of the Brazilian GDP. With an area of —larger than Metropolitan France—it is the fourth most extensive state in Brazil. The main producer of coffee and milk in the country, Minas Gerais is known for its heritage of architecture and colonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Languages Of South America
This is a partial list of extinct languages of South America, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers and no spoken descendant. There are 176 languages listed. Argentina * Abipón *Chané * Cacán * Het * All languages of the Charruan family, as Chaná and Güenoa * Henia-Camiare *Huarpe languages: Allentiac and Millcayac * Lule *Ona * Puelche * Tehuelche * Tonocoté Bolivia * Canichana * Cayubaba * Chane * Itene *Saraveca * Sirinó Brazil * Acroá * Arara * Arawá * Aroã * Guana * Kaimbé * Kamakan *Kamba * Kambiwá * Kanoé *Kapinawá * Kariri-Xocó * Maritsauá * Nukuini * Oti * Otuke * Pankararé * Paranawát * Pataxó-Hãhaãi *Potiguara *Puri *Tapeba * Tingui-Boto * Truká * Tukumanféd * Turiwara * Tuxá * Tuxinawa * Uamué * Umotina * Wakoná * Wasu * Wiraféd * Xakriabá * Yabaâna Chile * Kakauhua * Chono *Selk'nam Colombia * Aarufi * Andaqui * Anserma * Arma-Pozo * Atanque * Atunceta * Barbacoas *Calamari *Chibcha * Chitarer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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