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Maxakalían Languages
The Maxakalían languages (also Mashakalían) were first classified into the Jê languages. It was only in 1931 that Čestmír Loukotka separated them from the Jê family. Alfred Métraux and Curt Nimuendajú considered the Maxakalían family isolated from others. John Alden Mason suggests a connection with the Macro-Jê stock, confirmed by Aryon Rodrigues. Languages Apart from extinct varieties generally seen as dialects of Maxakalí, Mason noted resemblances with a few other extinct languages of the area: Pataxó, Malalí and Coropó. However, Coropó is now thought to be a Purian language. Campbell (1997) therefore lists the Maxakalian languages as: # Malalí ''(†)'' # Pataxó (Patashó) ''(†)'' (retain some words) # Maxakalí (Mashacalí) (1,270 speakers) ''Glottolog'' (2016) restores Coropó (Koropó) as a Maxakalían language. Nikulin (2020) Nikulin (2020) proposes the following internal classification of the Maxakalían languages:Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krenak Languages
The Aimoré, Botocudoan or Borum languages, now sometimes known as Krenakan after the last one remaining, are a branch of the Macro-Jê languages - spoken mainly in Brazil - including moribund Krenak language, Krenak and extinct languages such as Guerén language, Guerén and Nakrehé language, Nakrehé. Loukotka (1968) considered them dialects of a single language, but more recent treatments (Campbell 1997, Campbell 2012) describe at least some of them as separate languages. Languages A fair amount of lexical data was collected before the majority of languages became extinct. Loukotka (1968) Loukotka (1968) illustrates the following: :''Krekmun/Kraik-mús, Krenak language, Krenak (Crenaque), Pejaurún (Cajaurun), Naknanuk (Nacnhanuc, Nakyananiuk), Xiporoc (Shiporoc, Yiporok, Djiporoca), Nak-Ñapma, Bakuen (Bacuen, Bocué), Nakrehé language, Nakrehé (Nacrehé), Aranãa, Miñan-yirugn, Pojichá (Pozyichá), Gueren'' and mentions sources of data for: :''Uti Krag (Guti Krag, Ngù ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araçuaí River
The Araçuaí River ( pt, Rio Araçuaí, links=no) is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil. The Araçuaí River flows through the Jequitinhonha Valley in the northeast of Minas Gerais, through the town of Araçuaí, which the river takes its name from. It is a tributary of the Jequitinhonha River, flowing south from its right bank. The confluence of the river is located at . Tributaries include the Gravatá River (Minas Gerais), Gravatá River, Setúbal River, Capivara River (Araçuaí River), Capivara River, Fanado River and the Itamarandiba River. River valley According to the Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP) (João Pinheiro Foundation), an agency of the government of the state of Minas Gerais, which has the responsibility to provide technical support services to the State Secretariat for Planning and Management and other state operational systems, the Araçuaí River raises in the Senador Modestino Gonçalves district and joins the Jequitinhonha River in the Araçu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belmonte River
The Jequitinhonha River () flows mainly through the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Its source lies near Diamantina in the Espinhaço Mountains at an elevation of , after which it flows northward and then east-northeastward across the uplands. At Salto da Divisa, it is interrupted by the Cachoeira (falls) do Salto Grande, high. The river descends to the coastal plain at the city of Jequitinhonha, beyond which it is also called Rio Grande do Belmonte, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Belmonte in Bahia state after a course of approximately . The main tributaries are the Araçuaí River, Piauí, São Miguel, Itacambiruçu, Salinas, São Pedro, and São Francisco. The valley of the Jequitinhonha is one of the poorest regions of Brazil and is still prone to endemic yellow fever. It covers , twice the size of Switzerland, and has an approximate population of one million people, distributed in about 80 municipalities. The most populous of these is Almenara (36,254 in 2004 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jucurucu River
The Jucurucu River is a river of Bahia and Minas Gerais states in eastern Brazil. See also *List of rivers of Bahia *List of rivers of Minas Gerais A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ... ReferencesBrazilian Ministry of Transport Rivers of Bahia Rivers of Minas Gerais {{MinasGerais-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Friedrich Philipp Von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. Life Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary. He graduated PhD from Erlangen University in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the university's botanical garden. After that he continued to devote himself to botanical study, and in 1817 he and Johann Baptist von Spix were sent to Brazil by Maximilian I Joseph, the king of Bavaria. They travelled from Rio de Janeiro through several of the southern and eastern provinces of Brazil and travelled up the Amazon River to Tabatinga, as well as exploring some of its larger tributaries. On his return to Europe in 1820 Martius was appointed as the keeper of the botanic garden at Munich, including the herbarium at the Munich Botanical Collection, and in 1826 as professor of botany in the university there, and he held both offices unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustin Saint-Hilaire
Augustin François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire (4 October 17793 September 1853) was French botanist and traveller who was born and died in Orléans, France. A keen observer, he is credited with important discoveries in botany, notably the direction of the radicle in the embryo sac and the double point of attachment of certain ovules. He also described two families, the Paronychiae and the Tamariscinae, as well as many genera and species. Biography He began to publish memoirs on botanical subjects at an early age. Between 1816 and 1822 and again in 1830, he traveled in South America, especially in south and central Brazil, and the results of his study of the rich flora of the regions through which he passed appeared in several books and numerous articles in scientific journals. In his first voyage, from 1816 to 1822, he explored the Brazilian backlands, traveling ca. 9,000 km, from Southeast Brazil to Río de la Plata, including the former Cisplatina Province (Urugua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIL International
SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is an evangelical Christian non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development. Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, ''Ethnologue'', of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro. Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas. History William Cameron Townsend, a Presbyterian minister, founded the organization in 1934, after undertaking a Christian mission with the Disciples of Christ among the Kaqchikel Maya people in Guatemala in the early 1930s.George Thomas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Maximilian Of Wied-Neuwied
Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (23 September 1782 – 3 February 1867) was a German explorer, ethnologist and naturalist. He led a pioneering expedition to southeast Brazil between 1815–1817, from which the album ''Reise nach Brasilien,'' which first revealed to Europe real images of Brazilian Indians, was the ultimate result. It was translated into several languages and recognized as one of the greatest contributions to the knowledge of Brazil at the beginning of the nineteenth century. In 1832 he embarked on another expedition, this time to United States, together with the Swiss painter Karl Bodmer. Prince Maximilian collected many examples of ethnography, and many specimens of flora and fauna of the area, still preserved in museum collections, notably in the Lindenmuseum, Stuttgart. The genus '' Neuwiedia'' Blume (Orchidaceae) was named for him. Also, Prince Maximilian is honored in the scientific names of eight species of reptiles: '' Hydromedusa max ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapoxó Language
Kapoxó (Capoxo, Kaposho) is an extinct Maxakalian language of Brazil.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Documentation Kapoxó is documented in a word list collected in 1818,Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015)Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro ''LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas'', 15(2), 223 - 277. which was published in Martius, 1863: 170-172.Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. 1863. ''Glossaria linguarum Brasiliensium: glossarios de diversas lingoas e dialectos, que fallao os Indios no imperio do Brazil''. Erlangen: Druck von Jange. Distribution Kapoxó was historically spoken on the Araçuaí River in Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makoni Language
Makoni District is a district in Zimbabwe. The name also refers to a parliamentary constituency with coterminous borders. Location The district is located in Manicaland Province, in northeastern Zimbabwe. Its main town, Rusape, with an estimated population of 29,300 in 2004, is located approximately , by road, southeast of Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe and the largest city in that country. Economy Makoni District is primarily a farming district. The chief cash crop is tobacco. Population In 2002, the national census estimated the population of Makoni District at 151,596 people. In 2004, the district population was estimated at 272,578. In 2011, the population of the district was estimated at 283,017. The next national population census in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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