''Tonicia'' is a
genus of
chiton
Chitons () are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora (), formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 extant and 430 fossil species are recognized.
They are also sometimes known as gumboots or sea cradles or coat-of-mail s ...
s in the subfamily
Toniciinae of the
family Chitonidae.
[
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206414 on 2022-10-03]
The genus was recently restricted to include only 12 New World species, with the more species-rich and exclusively Old World subgenus ''
Lucilina
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of th ...
'' Dall, 1882, being elevated to a separate genus. Of these 12, ten species are found in the eastern Pacific, one in the Magellan province (southern Chile, Argentina and Falkland Islands) and one in the Caribbean Sea (Florida to Barbados).
However, a study published in 2019 which used molecular systematics to compare the eastern Pacific ''Tonicia'' species suggested that there are only 9 extant species in the eastern Pacific.
Species
* ''
Tonicia argyrosticta''
(Philippi, 1845)
* ''
Tonicia arnheimi''
Dall, 1903
* ''
Tonicia atrata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora.
Genera
There are 10 recognized genera:
* '' Amicula'' Gray, 1847
* '' Dendrochiton'' Berry, 1911
* ' ...
''
Sowerby, 1840
* ''
Tonicia chilensis''
Frembly, 1827
* ''
Tonicia disalvoi
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.p ...
''
(Dell'Angelo, Raines & Bonfitto, 2004)
* ''
Tonicia disjuncta
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.p ...
''
Frembly, 1827
* † ''
Tonicia edwardsi
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.p ...
''
de Rochebrune, 1883
* ''
Tonicia forbesii
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.p ...
''
Carpenter, 1857
* ''
Tonicia horniana''
Rochebrune, 1889
* † ''
Tonicia pannonica''
Szőts, 1953
* ''
Tonicia rubridens''
Pilsbry, 1892
* ''
Tonicia schrammi
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.p ...
''
(Shuttleworth, 1856)
* ''
Tonicia smithi''
Leloup, 1980
* ''
Tonicia swainsoni''
Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832
Synonyms
* ''Tonicia atrata''
Hutton, 1880: synonym of ''Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata''
(Spalowsky, 1795) represented as ''
Plaxiphora aurata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora.
Genera
There are 10 recognized genera:
* '' Amicula'' Gray, 1847
* '' Dendrochiton'' Berry, 1911
* ' ...
''
(Spalowsky, 1795) (invalid: junior homonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1840); ''Tonicia subatrata''
Pilsbry, 1893 is a replacement name)
* ''Tonicia boetica''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
* ''Tonicia calbucensis''
Plate, 1898: synonym of ''Tonicia lebruni''
Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Tonicia argyrosticta''
(Philippi, 1845)
* ''Tonicia atrata''
Hutton, 1880: synonym of ''Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata''
(Spalowsky, 1795) represented as ''
Plaxiphora aurata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora.
Genera
There are 10 recognized genera:
* '' Amicula'' Gray, 1847
* '' Dendrochiton'' Berry, 1911
* ' ...
''
(Spalowsky, 1795) (invalid: junior homonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1840); ''Tonicia subatrata''
Pilsbry, 1893 is a replacement name)
* ''Tonicia boetica''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
* ''Tonicia elegans''
Frembly, 1827: synonym of ''
Tonicia chilensis''
(Frembly, 1827)
* ''Tonicia fastigiata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840): synonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
* T''onicia fontainei''
Rochebrune, 1882: synonym of ''
Ischnochiton punctulatissimus
''Ischnochiton'' spp. (unknown species) from South Africa
''Ischnochiton'' is a genus of polyplacophoran mollusc. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Ischnochiton Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://w ...
''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Tonicia fremblyana''
, 1956: synonym of ''
Tonicia chilensis''
(Frembly, 1827)
* ''Tonicia gambiensis''
Rochebrune, 1881: synonym of ''Chaetopleura (Chaetopleura) gambiensis''
(Rochebrune, 1881) represented as ''
Chaetopleura gambiensis''
(Rochebrune, 1881) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia gaudichaudi''
Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Ischnochiton punctulatissimus
''Ischnochiton'' spp. (unknown species) from South Africa
''Ischnochiton'' is a genus of polyplacophoran mollusc. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Ischnochiton Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://w ...
''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Tonicia greyi''
Filhol, 1880: synonym of ''
Ischnochiton circumvallatus''
(Reeve, 1847)
* Tonicia hullianus Torr, 1911: synonym of Lucilina hulliana (Torr, 1911) (original combination)
* ''
Tonicia indica''
Leloup, 1981: synonym of ''Tonicia (Lucilina) carnosa''
Kaas, 1979: synonym of ''
Lucilina carnosa
''Lucilina'' is a genus of chiton, polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* ''Lucilina amanda''
* ''Lucilina carnosa''
* ''Luc ...
''
(Kaas, 1979) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia jugosulcata''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''
Lucilina truncata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1841)
* ''Tonicia lebruni''
de Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Tonicia argyrosticta''
(Philippi, 1845)
* ''Tonicia martiali''
Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: synonym of ''
Nuttallochiton martiali''
(Rochebrune, 1889) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia mixta''
Dall, 1919: synonym of ''Chaetopleura (Pallochiton) lanuginosa mixta''
(Dall, 1919) represented as ''Chaetopleura lanuginosa mixta''
(Dall, 1919) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia novemrugata''
Bergenhayn, 1930: synonym of ''
Lucilina novemrugata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia
''Tonicia'' is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of th ...
''
(Bergenhayn, 1930) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia pectinoides''
Sykes, 1903: synonym of ''
Lucilina pectinoides
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Sykes, 1903) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia perligera''
(Thiele, 1909): synonym of ''
Lucilina perligera
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
Thiele, 1909 (incorrect placement)
* ''Tonicia polyomma''
Bergenhayn, 1932: synonym of ''
Lucilina polyomma
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Bergenhayn, 1932) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia prashadi''
Leloup, 1937: synonym of ''Tonicia pectinoides''
Sykes, 1903: synonym of ''
Lucilina pectinoides
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Sykes, 1903)
* ''Tonicia ptygmata''
Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Lucilina sueziensis
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Reeve, 1847)
* ''Tonicia reticulata''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina reticulata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia rubiginosa''
F. W. Hutton, 1872: synonym of ''
Notoplax rubiginosa
''Notoplax rubiginosa'' is a species of chiton in the family Acanthochitonidae, native to New Zealand. The species grows to long and wide. ''N. rubiginosa'' is known as the most common chiton from the Plio-Pleistocene
The Plio-Pleistocene is ...
''
(F. W. Hutton, 1872) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia sowerbyi''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina sowerbyi
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia subatrata''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata''
(Spalowsky, 1795) represented as ''
Plaxiphora aurata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class Polyplacophora.
Genera
There are 10 recognized genera:
* '' Amicula'' Gray, 1847
* '' Dendrochiton'' Berry, 1911
* ' ...
''
(Spalowsky, 1795)
* ''Tonicia suezensis'' ; auct.: synonym of ''
Lucilina sueziensis
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Reeve, 1847) (incorrect spelling)
* ''Tonicia tydemani''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina tydemani
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia variegata''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina variegata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucilina ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia zigzag''
Hutton, 1872: synonym of ''
Plaxiphora caelata''
(Reeve, 1847)
References
External links
Pilsbry, H. A. (1898). Notes on a few chitons. The Nautilus. 12(5): 50-51Discover Life
Chitonidae
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
{{Chiton-stub