Tlaltizapán de Zapata is a city in the

Mexican state The states of Mexico are first-level administrative territorial entities of the country of Mexico, which is officially named Mexico, United Mexican States. There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City, as a sepa ...

Morelos Morelos (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 36 municipalities and its capital city is Cuer ...

. It stands at . The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with which it shares a name. The toponym ''Tlaltizapán'' comes from a

Nahuatl Nahuatl (; ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by about Nahua peoples, most of whom live mainly in Central Mexico and have smaller ...

name and means ''tlal-tli'' (land), ''tiza-tl'' (white powder), ''pan'' ("on" or "over"); "on white land" or "feet on white land". The city is situated on a white hill. De Zapata pays homage to the hero of the

Liberation Army of the South The Liberation Army of the South ( es, Ejército Libertador del Sur, ELS) was a guerrilla force led for most of its existence by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolution from 1911 to 1920. During that time, the Zapatistas fough ...

during the

Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...

. The Municipality of Tlaltizapán de Zapata borders the Municipalities of

Emiliano Zapata, Morelos Emiliano Zapata is a city in the west-central part of the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at . The city serves as the county seat (''sede municipal'') for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality is the sixth largest in ...

;

Yautepec de Zaragoza Yautepec is a municipality located in the north-central part of the Mexican state of Morelos. The municipal seat is the city of Yautepec de Zaragoza. It stands at . The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of Yautep ...

; and

Ciudad Ayala Ciudad Ayala is a city in the east-central part of the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at , at a mean height of above sea level. The city is named for Coronel Francisco Ayala (1760-1812) who fought with José María Morelos during the 1812 Si ...

to the north; the Municipalities of Ayala and

Tlaquiltenango Tlaquiltenango is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. It is south of Mexico city and southeast of Cuernavaca, the state capital via Mexican Federal Highway 95D. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with wh ...

to the south; Ayala to the east; and Tlaquiltenango,

Jojutla Jojutla is a municipality in the state of Morelos, Mexico. Its municipal seat is the city of ''Jojutla de Juárez''. The name ''Jojutla'' comes from Nahuatl ''Xoxōuhtlān'' () and means, ''Place of abundant blue skies''. Another interpretation is ...

Zacatepec de Hidalgo Zacatepec de Hidalgo (Zacatepec from nahuatl Zacatl meaning grass and tepetl meaning hill, thus loosely meaning "grassy hill") is a town in the state of Morelos, Mexico. It is bordered by Puente de Ixtla, Tlaltizapán, Tlaquiltenango and Jojutla ...

Puente de Ixtla Puente de Ixtla is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at . The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 66,435 inhabitants in the year 2015 census. The town gets ...

Xochitepec Xochitepec is a ''municipio (Mexico), municipio'' (Municipalities of Mexico, municipality) of the Mexican state, state of Morelos, in central Mexico. Xochitepec is also the name of its principal township and seat of the municipal government. It is ...

. and Emiliano Zapata to the west. The municipal seat is located at an altitude of 950 meters above sea level. The municipality reported 52,110 inhabitants in the year 2015 census.

History

Prehispanic history

Early settlers in Tlaltizapán were Xochimilcas; they founded the towns of ''Tetela, Hueyapan, Ocuituco, Tepoztlán'', and ''Totolapan'' where they mixed with even older settlers of ''Jumiltepec'' and ''Nepopolco''. During the Prehispanic era, these people were subjects of and paid tribute to the

Aztecs The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those g ...

of the Valley of Mexico.

Conquest and colonial era

During the colonial era, Tlaltizapán, like most of the state of

, became part of the ''Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca'', of the conquistador

Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of w ...

. During the Marquesado period, Tlaltizapán was a horse farm established in 1549, managed by Pablo de Paz. The Dominicans built the monastery of Tlaltizapán around 1550 CE. ''Gerhaed'' dates the monastery to 1591, disagreeing with both the 1576 date on the façade and a possible date of 1540. Perhaps the differences can be explained by considering the existence of two monasteries; the first related to the chapel of the Indians and the second to the cloister courtyard of the current monastery. There are ruins of chapels of abandoned Indians, indicative of the congregation in the 17th century. There are indications that Indigenous health traditions were persecuted by the Church; we can point to the banks of the

Yautepec River The Yautepec River is a river of Mexico. See also *List of rivers of Mexico This is a list of rivers of Mexico, listed from north to south. There are 246 rivers on this list. Alternate names for rivers are given in parentheses. Rivers flowing in ...

as an area of healers. Towards the east, there were important Indigenous settlements like ''San Pablo de Nexpa''

Independence and 19th century

The hero the

Mexican War of Independence The Mexican War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de México, links=no, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain. It was not a single, co ...

, Francisco Ayala, was captured at the ''Temilpa ranch'', located in this municipality. Ayala had become seriously ill with malaria, and he was captured and taken to Yautepec, where he was shot in 1812. The ranch has been in ruins since then. When the state of

was created in 1869, Tlaltizapán was elevated to the category of municipality.

Revolution and 20th century

On Monday, June 2, 1916, during the

, General

Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; August 8, 1879 – April 10, 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the ins ...

established his headquarters in Tlaltizapán in order to fight Carrancista troops. The barracks have long been torn down, but visitors can still see the former mill, turned into army headquarters. The fighting hit Tlaltizapán hard; 60% of the population were killed or fled—the population dropped from 8,000 residents in 1910 to 3,200 in 1921. Carrancista soldiers slaughtered 280 men, women, and children on June 2, 1916, and another 250 on August 13 of the same year. Similar massacres may have occurred in June and September 1916. When the

Spanish flu The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...

epidemic broke out in 1918, Carrancista soldiers circled the town and would not allow the

Mexican Red Cross The Mexican Red Cross (Spanish: ''Cruz Roja Mexicana'') is a non-governmental humanitarian assistance organization affiliated with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to help those in dangerous situations, such as n ...

enter. On May 9, 1983, the State Congress changed the name of the municipality to Tlaltizapán de Pacheco in honor of former

Governor Carlos Pacheco A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political_regions, political region, ranking under the Head of State, head of state and in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of ...

(1876-1880).

21st century

Alfredo Dominguez Mandujano of ''Juntos por Morelos'' (Together for Morelos coalition: PRD-PSD) was elected Presidente Municipal (mayor) on July 1, 2018. The state of Morelos reported 209 cases and 28 deaths due to the

COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. Howe ...

as of April 27, 2020; four cases were reported in Amacuzac. Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1. On July 2, Tlatltizapán reported 18 infections and three deaths from the virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least June 13. Tlaltizapán reported 122 cases, 88 recuperations, and 31 deaths from the virus as of August 31. Two hundred eighteen cases were reported on December 27, 2020.

Tourism and attractions

*Carnaval De Bahidorá

2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...

, Las Estacas. 15-17 Feb 2019. *Los Sauces. Ecotourism in a waterpark with a river that is one kilometer of fresh water, ideal for families. Pets and fishing allowed. Parking, green areas, wading pool, restaurant, grills, campground. Rental of kayaks. *Santa Isabel waterpark. Spring water (22°-24 °C), swimming pool, wading pool, waterslide, cabins, hotel, campground, "Gotcha", lake for small boats. There are several haciendas in Tlaltizapán. ''San Miguel Treinta'' was built in 1732 por José Francisco de Verástegui. De Verastegui also owned ''Santa Rosa Treinta''; only 23 hectares are left of these once-powerful haciendas. The church of San Miguel still functions and is open to the public, and there are large festivals held in the saint's honor. ''San José de Acamilpa'' was founded 1604 by the ''Colegio de Cristo'' and was once a major producer of sugarcane. In 1855 produced 2,400 barrels of

schnapps Schnapps ( or ) or schnaps is a type of alcoholic beverage that may take several forms, including distilled fruit brandies, herbal liqueurs, infusions, and "flavored liqueurs" made by adding fruit syrups, spices, or artificial flavorings to neu ...

. Today it is a resort hotel. Other haciendas are ''Ticumán, San Francisco,'' and ''Xochimancas.''

San Miguel Arcangel monastery

The monastery of San Miguel Arcangel in Tlaltizapan was built by members of the

Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...

about 1535. The church is rectangular with a side chapel located at the cross of the church. The ceiling is simple; supported by arches and tall columns. The side chapel is notable for its octagonal cupola. The main entrance to the west is very simple. The door is tall and narrow with a half-arc; there are discrete pilasters on the sides and a simple cornice above. Above that, there is a small, pink stone window. The front does not have any decoration except for the massive buttress on the southwest and the foundations of the tower on the northwest corner. The tower is simple and austere; above it, there is a square belfry with four open windows. The second level is smaller and eight-sided, while the third level is little more than a light tower, and the fourth level is smaller still. The access door to the monastery has two beautiful arches, making it a luxurious entrance to an austere building. Located on the north side of the church, the monastery has two floors with a central patio. The rectangular atrium is surrounded by several monuments to the

. Other historical churches are ''San José, la Virgen de Guadalupe, San Pedro,''

Santo Domingo de Guzmán , total_type = Total , population_density_km2 = auto , timezone = AST (UTC −4) , area_code_type = Area codes , area_code = 809, 829, 849 , postal_code_type = Postal codes , postal_code = 10100–10699 (Distrito Nacional) , websi ...

and Santa Rosa de Lima.

Las Estacas

Las Estacas Natural Reserve and Spa belongs to the state ecological reserve ''Sierra de Montenegro-Las Estacas''. It has crystal-clear water that flows from a spring that produces 7,000 liters (247 cubic feet) / second, forming a natural diving pool that is 10,000 years old. The name is due to the fact that in the past they used to drive ''stakes'' on the river bank to control irrigation. 500 meters of the river, which forms a tributary of the Yautepec River, is inside the park. Visitors can swim or snorkel. Camping, cabins, and a hotel are available. It is widely believed that a

Tarzan Tarzan (John Clayton II, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional character, an archetypal feral child raised in the African jungle by the Mangani great apes; he later experiences civilization, only to reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adv ...

movie was filmed at ''Las Estacas'', but the closest seems to be the 1948 production of ''

Tarzan and the Mermaids ''Tarzan and the Mermaids'' is a 1948 adventure film based on the Tarzan character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Directed by Robert Florey, it was the last of twelve Tarzan films to star Johnny Weissmuller in the title role. It was also the fi ...

'' starring

Johnny Weissmuller Johnny Weissmuller (born Johann Peter Weißmüller; June 2, 1904 – January 20, 1984) was an American Olympic swimmer, water polo player and actor. He was known for having one of the best competitive swimming records of the 20th century. H ...

in 1948, which was filmed in

Acapulco Acapulco de Juárez (), commonly called Acapulco ( , also , nah, Acapolco), is a city and major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, south of Mexico City. Acapulco is located on a deep, semicircular bay and has bee ...

and other locations in Mexico.

Communities

In accordance with the statistical data of the

INEGI The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI by its name in es, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática) is an autonomous agency of the Mexican Government dedicated to coordinate the National System of Stat ...

, the municipality has 66 localities (human settlements, which are considered up to one house), of which 39 are composed of settlements of 1 to 49 inhabitants; 11 localities have 50 to 99 inhabitants; three settlements of 100 to 499 inhabitants; five localities of 500 to 999 inhabitants; four locations from 1,000 to 1,999 inhabitants; two locations of 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants; one of 9,893 inhabitants (the municipal seat). and the largest town in the municipality is Santa Rosa Treinta with 16,474 inhabitants. The Municipality of Tlaltizapán has one city (the municipal seat of Tlaltizapán), four urban localities (Santa Rosa Treinta, Ticumán, Huatecalco, and Tlaltizapán), with more than 2,500 inhabitants each; four semi-urban locations (Acamilpa, Bonifacio García, Temimilcingo, and Pueblo Nuevo), which have a population range of 1,000 to 2,500 inhabitants, and 58 rural localities with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants.

Festivals and dances

*February 14, carnaval de Bahidorá in ''Las Estecas'' *Five days before

Ash Wednesday Ash Wednesday is a holy day of prayer and fasting in many Western Christian denominations. It is preceded by Shrove Tuesday and falls on the first day of Lent (the six weeks of penitence before Easter). It is observed by Catholics in the Rom ...

, Carnaval in Tlaltizapán. It includes

Chinelos Chinelos are a kind of traditional costumed dancer which is popular in the Mexican state of Morelos, parts of the State of Mexico and the Federal District of Mexico City, especially the boroughs of Milpa Alta and Xochimilco. The tradition arose fr ...

dancers, jaripeos (bulls), and brass bands. There are also activities during

Holy Week Holy Week ( la, Hebdomada Sancta or , ; grc, Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, translit=Hagia kai Megale Hebdomas, lit=Holy and Great Week) is the most sacred week in the liturgical year in Christianity. In Eastern Churches, w ...

and on the

Good Friday Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Hol ...

. *March 19, feast of ''San José'', patrón saint of Acamilpa. Carnaval. *April 10, the death of General

is commemorated. *August 4, feast of ''Sto. Domingo de Guzmán'', patron saint of Ticumán. *August 13, Martyrs of Tlaltizapán. *August 15, feast of ''la Virgen de la Asunción''. Fair in Temimilcingo. *August 29–30, feast of ''Santa Rosa de Lima''. Dances and jaripeos (bulls). *September 29, feast of ''San Miguel Arcángel'', patron saint of Tlaltizapán. *September 29, feast of ''San Miguel Arcángel'', patron saint of San Miguel Treinta. *November 13, feast of ''San Diego'' in Ticumán. *December 12, feast of

Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe ( es, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe ( es, Virgen de Guadalupe), is a Catholic title of Mary, mother of Jesus associated with a series of five Marian apparitions, which are believed t ...

. *December 23, 5 km "Carrera del Pavo" (English: Turkey Trot) to promote sports.Celebran la Carrera del Pavo 2019 en Tlaltizapán
Diario de Morelos, retrieved Dec 26, 2019 There are eight brass bands in Tlaltizapán.

Handicrafts

Ceramics and felt and porcelain dolls are made in Huatecalco. Acampilpa is known for its pottery and for leather goods in the ''El Mirador'' colony. In Palo Prieto families make baskets, ladles, and birdcages.

Food

Green mole of ''pipían''; ''tamales of cenizas''; red mole of turkey; ''cecina'' with cheese, cream and green sauce; ''barbacoa de cabrito'' (goat), ''pozole'' with pork or chicken, tamales of catfish (made in leaves of ''totomozcle''), and ''clemole'' seasoned with wild plums or

tamarind Tamarind (''Tamarindus indica'') is a Legume, leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is probably indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus ''Tamarindus'' is monotypic taxon, monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. It belongs ...

make up the local cuisine.

References

External links

*http://www.e-morelos.gob.mx/e-gobierno/DirMunicipios/tlaltizapan.htm *http://e-municipios.e-morelos.gob.mx/tlaltizapan.htm
Official page, 2016-2018
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tlaltizapan Municipalities of Morelos Populated places in Morelos Nahua settlements