Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...
defeats his mother, Theresa, Countess of Portugal, in the Battle of São Mamede and becomes sole ruler (''Dux'' - Duke) after demands for independence from the county's people, church and nobles.
*1129 - April 6,
Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...
proclaims himself ''Prince of Portugal''.
*1130
**Prince
Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...
invades
Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** Gallaecia, a Roman province
** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval King ...
.
**Prince
Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...
Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** Gallaecia, a Roman province
** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval King ...
Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...
acknowledges himself as vassal to King Alfonso VII of Castile and León, through the possession of Astorga. Prince Afonso Henriques would never keep his acknowledgement of vassal to King Alfonso VII.
**The Moors retake Leiria.
*1139
**July 25,
Independence of Portugal
The kingdom of Portugal was established from the county of Portugal in the 1130s, ruled by the Portuguese House of Burgundy. During most of the 12th and 13th centuries, its history is chiefly that of the gradual reconquest of territory from the ...
from the
Kingdom of León
The Kingdom of León; es, Reino de León; gl, Reino de León; pt, Reino de Leão; la, Regnum Legionense; mwl, Reino de Lhion was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 when t ...
Almoravids
The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that ...
Arcos de Valdevez
Arcos de Valdevez () is a concelho, municipality along the northern frontier of Portugal and Galicia (Spain), Galicia (Spain). The population in 2011 was 22,847,Leonese and Castilian forces.
**King Afonso I of Portugal tries and fails to conquer
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
from the Moors.
**The Moors retake Leiria.
*1142
**King Afonso I of Portugal retakes
Leiria
Leiria (; cel-x-proto, ɸlāryo) is a city and municipality in the Central Region of Portugal. It is the 2nd largest city in that same region, with a municipality population of 128,640 (as of 2021) in an area of . It is the seat of its own distr ...
from the Moors and the town receives its ''foral'' (compilation of feudal rights) to stimulate the colonisation of the area.
**
Siege of Lisbon (1142)
In or about 1142 according to a brief reference in the Anglo-Norman text known as ''De expugnatione Lyxbonensi'' and the Portuguese text known as the '' Chronica Gothorum'', a group of Anglo-Norman crusaders on their way to Jerusalem were invit ...
papal
The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
representative, the
Cardinal Guido de Vico
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, th ...
, at the Cathedral of Zamora. Both kings promise durable peace between their kingdoms.
**King Afonso I of Portugal declares himself vassal to
Pope Innocent II
Pope Innocent II ( la, Innocentius II; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial and the fi ...
Ibn al-Mundhir
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir al-Naysaburi ( ar, أبو بكر محمد بن إبراهيم بن المنذر بن الجارود النيسابوري) was a student of Shafi'i scholar al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman who was in turn a direc ...
takes
Silves Silves may refer to :
Europe
* Silves, Portugal, municipality and former bishopric in Algarve, southern Portugal
** Silves (parish), a civil parish in the municipality of Silves
** Castle of Silves, a medieval castle in civil parish of Silves
...
Silves Silves may refer to :
Europe
* Silves, Portugal, municipality and former bishopric in Algarve, southern Portugal
** Silves (parish), a civil parish in the municipality of Silves
** Castle of Silves, a medieval castle in civil parish of Silves
...
again become independent.
**The
Order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
of
Cistercians
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...
installs itself in Portugal, at
Tarouca
Tarouca () is a municipality and a city in Viseu District in Norte Region and Douro Subregion in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 8,046, in an area of 100.08 km2.
The city of Tarouca proper has about 3,400 residents; it was promoted to c ...
Maud of Savoy
Matilda of Savoy (french: Mathilde, pt, Mafalda or Matilde; – 3 December 1157/58) was Queen of Portugal, after her marriage to King Afonso Henriques, the first sovereign of Portugal, whom she married in 1146.
Origins
She was the second or thir ...
Maurienne
Maurienne ( frp, Môrièna) is one of the provinces of France, provinces of Savoy, corresponding to the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in France. It is also the original name of the capital of the province, now Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne.
...
.
*1147
**March, King Afonso I of Portugal takes the Taifa of Santarém in a surprise attack.
**May 19, A fleet of almost 200 ships of crusaders (
Second Crusade
The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusa ...
) leaves from
Dartmouth Dartmouth may refer to:
Places
* Dartmouth, Devon, England
** Dartmouth Harbour
* Dartmouth, Massachusetts, United States
* Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Dartmouth, Victoria, Australia
Institutions
* Dartmouth College, Ivy League university i ...
Norman
Norman or Normans may refer to:
Ethnic and cultural identity
* The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries
** People or things connected with the Norm ...
Suffolk
Suffolk () is a ceremonial county of England in East Anglia. It borders Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south; the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowes ...
), Simon of Dover, Andrew of London, and Saher of Archelle.
**June 16, The crusaders fleet arrives at the northern city of Porto, and are convinced by the bishop, Pedro II Pitões, to continue to Lisbon.
**July 1, The Siege of Lisbon begins, after the armies of King Afonso I of Portugal were joined by the crusaders.
**October 21, The Moorish rulers of Lisbon agree to surrender to King Afonso I of Portugal, basically due to the hunger that was felt inside the city walls. The terms of surrender indicated that the Muslim garrison of the city would be allowed to flee.
**October 25, The city of Lisbon opens its doors to the Christian armies. As soon as the Christians enter the city the terms of surrender were broken. Many Muslims were killed, and the city was thoroughly plundered before King Afonso I of Portugal finally was able to stop the onslaught.
**The towns of Almada and Palmela, just south of Lisbon, are taken from the Moors.
**King Afonso I of Portugal orders the construction of the church and monastery of Church of São Vicente de Fora (St. Vincent outside the Walls), in Lisbon, in honour of St. Vincent the Deacon.
*1148
**11 January 1148 - Gonçalo Mendes da Maia captures Óbidos.
**Some of the
crusade
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were i ...
rs that had helped King Afonso I of Portugal conquer Lisbon settle in the newly captured city, and Gilbert of Hastings is elected bishop of the renovated Diocese of Lisbon, but most of the crusaders' fleet continues to the east.
*1149 - A new
Berber
Berber or Berbers may refer to:
Ethnic group
* Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa
* Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages
Places
* Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile
People with the surname
* Ady Berber (1913–196 ...
Almoravids
The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that ...
Cistercians
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...
Tarouca
Tarouca () is a municipality and a city in Viseu District in Norte Region and Douro Subregion in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 8,046, in an area of 100.08 km2.
The city of Tarouca proper has about 3,400 residents; it was promoted to c ...
*1153 - The
Cistercians
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...
Silves Silves may refer to :
Europe
* Silves, Portugal, municipality and former bishopric in Algarve, southern Portugal
** Silves (parish), a civil parish in the municipality of Silves
** Castle of Silves, a medieval castle in civil parish of Silves
...
is taken by the Almohads.
*1154
**King Afonso tries to take Alcácer do Sal a second time, unsuccessfully.
** Sancho, son of King Afonso I of Portugal and future King of Portugal is born.
*1157
**Third attack on Alcácer do Sal with the support of a crusader fleet commanded by the
count of Flanders
The count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders, beginning in the 9th century. Later, the title would be held for a time, by the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. During the French Revolution, in 1790, the co ...
Knights Templar
, colors = White mantle with a red cross
, colors_label = Attire
, march =
, mascot = Two knights riding a single horse
, equipment ...
Alentejo
Alentejo ( , ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond () the Tagus river" (''Tejo'').
Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alent ...
, are taken from the Moors.
*1160
**April - Beja was abandoned.
**The city of Tomar is founded by
Gualdim Pais
Dom Gualdim Pais (1118 – 13 October 1195), a Portuguese crusader, Knight Templar in the service of Afonso Henriques of Portugal. He was the founder of the city of Tomar.
Biography
Gualdim Pais was born in Amares (a town in the province of Minh ...
Geraldo the Fearless
The city of Évora honours Gerald with a place on its coat-of-arms. The central plaza, the Praça do Giraldo, is also named after him.
Geraldo Geraldes or Gerald the Fearless (died prob. 1173), known in Portuguese as Geraldo ''Sem Pavor'' ("wit ...
, retake Évora from the Moors.
**Negotiations between Portugal and León result in the marriage of Princess
Urraca of Portugal
Urraca of Portugal (; (1148 – 1211)) was the queen of León from 1165 until 1171 or 1172 as the wife of King Ferdinand II. She was the daughter of the first Portuguese king, Afonso I, and the mother of Alfonso IX. After her marriage to Ferdina ...
Alentejo
Alentejo ( , ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond () the Tagus river" (''Tejo'').
Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alent ...
) from the Moors.
*1168 - Portuguese frontiersman
Geraldo the Fearless
The city of Évora honours Gerald with a place on its coat-of-arms. The central plaza, the Praça do Giraldo, is also named after him.
Geraldo Geraldes or Gerald the Fearless (died prob. 1173), known in Portuguese as Geraldo ''Sem Pavor'' ("wit ...
Knights Templar
, colors = White mantle with a red cross
, colors_label = Attire
, march =
, mascot = Two knights riding a single horse
, equipment ...
one third of all they conquer to the Moors in
Alentejo
Alentejo ( , ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond () the Tagus river" (''Tejo'').
Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alent ...
.
**
Geraldo the Fearless
The city of Évora honours Gerald with a place on its coat-of-arms. The central plaza, the Praça do Giraldo, is also named after him.
Geraldo Geraldes or Gerald the Fearless (died prob. 1173), known in Portuguese as Geraldo ''Sem Pavor'' ("wit ...
attacks Badajoz.
**King Afonso I of Portugal is wounded by a fall from his horse in Badajoz, and is captured by the competing forces of King Ferdinand II of León. As ransom King Afonso I was obliged to surrender almost all the conquests he had made in
Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** Gallaecia, a Roman province
** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval King ...
in the previous years as well as Badajoz, that the Leonese gave back to the Almohads as a vassal territory.
*1170
**The Almohads transfer their capital to Seville.
**April - Almohad attack on Beja.
**15 August - Prince Sancho is knighted at Santa Cruz in Coimbra.
**September - Second siege of Badajoz.
*1172
**The Order of Santiago settles in Portugal.
*1174 – The kingdom of
Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...
recognizes Portugal as independent.
*1175 - Beja recaptured by Almohads.
*1176 - Coruche is granted to the Order of Calatrava.
*1178 - Prince Sancho leads a great raid into Muslim territory that reaches Seville.
*1179
**
Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland ( it, Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a con ...
Manifestis Probatum
''Manifestis Probatum'' is a papal bull dated 23 May 1179, in which Pope Alexander III officially recognised the ruler and self-proclaimed king Afonso Henriques as the first sovereign King of Portugal.
The Papacy did not at first recognize the l ...
'', recognizes Afonso I as King and Portugal as an independent country with the right to conquer lands from the Moors. With this papal blessing, Portugal was at last secured as a country and safe from any Leonese or Castilian attempts of annexation.
**King Ferdinand II of León repudiates his wife,
Urraca of Portugal
Urraca of Portugal (; (1148 – 1211)) was the queen of León from 1165 until 1171 or 1172 as the wife of King Ferdinand II. She was the daughter of the first Portuguese king, Afonso I, and the mother of Alfonso IX. After her marriage to Ferdina ...
, King Afonso I's daughter.
**The Almohads attack Abrantes.
**An Almohad fleet attacks Lisbon.
*1180
**July 15 - An Almohad fleet is defeated by Fuas Roupinho at the Battle of Cape Espichel.
**The Almohads siege Évora.
*1181
**The Almohads raise the siege of Évora.
**A Portuguese fleet commanded by Fuas Roupinho is defeated by an Almohad fleet of 51 galleys.
*1184
**The Portuguese defeat the Almohads at Santarém.
** Yusuf I, Almohad Caliph, dies and is succeeded by Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur.
*1185
**December 6, King Afonso I of Portugal dies.
** Sancho I of Portugal becomes King of Portugal.
*1185-1212 - Sancho I of Portugal founds several new towns and villages and takes great care in populating remote areas in the northern Christian regions of Portugal, notably with Flemings and
Burgundians
The Burgundians ( la, Burgundes, Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; on, Burgundar; ang, Burgendas; grc-gre, Βούργουνδοι) were an early Germanic tribe or group of tribes. They appeared in the middle Rhine region, near the Roman Empire, and ...
.
*1189 - Sancho captures Silves.
*1190 - The Almohads siege Tomar.
*1191 - The Almohads recapture Silves, Beja, Alcácer do Sal, Palmela, Coina, Almada and all territory south of the Tagus.
*1193 - Mafra was granted to the Order of Calatrava.
*1194 - King Sancho grants the Hospitallers the lands of Guidintesta, where the
Castle of Belver
The Castle of Belver ( pt, Castelo de Belver) is a Portuguese castle in the civil parish of Belver, municipality of Gavião, district of Portalegre, in central Portugal.
History
Belver was the first castle and most important to be construct ...
Muhammad an-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (,'' al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr'', – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death.Évariste Lévi-Provençalal-Nāṣir Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. ...
.
**Guarda was founded.
**King Sancho donated to the Templars the lands of Açafa, where Castelo Branco was later founded.
13th century
*1200
**The Order of Calatrava founds Benavente.
*1202 - Severe hunger afflicted Portugal as most of Europe.
*1205 - Idanha-a-Nova was founded by the Templars.
*1211 - King Sancho granted
Avis
Avis is Latin for bird and may refer to:
Aviation
*Auster Avis, a 1940s four-seat light aircraft developed from the Auster Autocrat (abandoned project)
*Avro Avis, a two-seat biplane
*Scottish Aeroplane Syndicate Avis, an early aircraft built by ...
to the Order of Calatrava.
*1212
**
Afonso II of Portugal
Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...
becomes king.
**Culmination of the Reconquista. Christians, amongst them King Afonso II of Portugal, defeat Almohads (Caliph
Muhammad an-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (,'' al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr'', – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death.Évariste Lévi-Provençalal-Nāṣir Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. ...
Navarre
Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...
,
Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...
Military Order Military order may refer to:
Orders
* Military order (religious society), confraternity of knights originally established as religious societies during the medieval Crusades for protection of Christianity and the Catholic Church
Military organi ...
s (
Knights Templar
, colors = White mantle with a red cross
, colors_label = Attire
, march =
, mascot = Two knights riding a single horse
, equipment ...
Siege of Alcácer do Sal
The siege of Alcácer do Sal lasted from 30 July to 18 October 1217. The well fortified city of Alcácer do Sal was a frontier outpost of the Almohad Caliphate facing Portugal. It was besieged by forces from Portugal, León, the military orders a ...
: The town of Alcácer do Sal is conquered from the Almohads.
*1226 - Unsuccessful Portuguese attack on Elvas.
*1229 - Elvas and
Juromenha
Juromenha is a town in southeastern Portugal, near the border with Spain. It is part of Alandroal Municipality.
See also
*Castelo de Juromenha
Castelo de Juromenha is a castle in Portugal located in Juromenha. It is classified by IGESPAR as a ...
were captured.
*1232
** Moura and Serpa were recaptured by the Hospitallers.
** Castelo de Vide and Crato were founded by the Hospitallers.
*1233 –
Sancho II of Portugal
Sancho II (; 8 September 1209 – 4 January 1248), nicknamed the Cowled or the Capuched ( pt, o Capelo), alternatively, the Pious ( pt, o Piedoso), was King of Portugal from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his bro ...
becomes king.
*1234 -
Aljustrel
Aljustrel () is a town and a municipality in the Portuguese district of Beja. The population in 2011 was 9,257, in an area of 458.47 km2. The present mayor is Nelson Domingos Brito, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is Jun ...
was captured by the Knights of Santiago.
*1238 - Portugal captures most of the Algarve.
*1246 – Pope Innocent IV declares Sancho II an heretic and orders his removal of the throne.
*1247 – Afonso III of Portugal becomes king; Sancho II is exiled to Toledo.
*1249 – Afonso III conquers Faro,
Loulé
Loulé () is a city and municipality in the region of Algarve, district of Faro, Portugal. In 2011, the population of the entire municipality was 70,622 inhabitants, in an area of approximately . The municipality has two principal cities: Loulé ...
,
Albufeira
Albufeira () is a city and seat of its own municipality in the district of Faro, in the southernmost Portuguese region of Algarve. The municipality population in 2021 was 44,158, in an area of . The city proper had a population of 28,645 in 2021 ...
,
Porches Porches may refer to:
* Porch, an architectural element
* Porches (Lagoa), a civil parish (''freguesia'') in the municipality of Lagoa, Algarve, Portugal
* Porches Pottery (Olaria Algarve), producer of hand-painted pottery
* Porches (band)
Porch ...
and Aljezur from the Moors, thus removing all Muslim communities from Portuguese soil and ending the Portuguese Reconquista.
*1254 – First official reunion of the ''Cortes'', the kingdom's general assembly.
*1255 - The city of
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
becomes the capital-city of Portugal.
*1267 - The Treaty of Badajoz was signed.
*1276 –
John XXI
Pope John XXI ( la, Ioannes XXI; – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião ( la, Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death on 20 May 1277. Apart from Damasus I (from ...
becomes the first and only Portuguese Pope (died 1277).
*1279 – Dinis of Portugal becomes king.
*1297 – Dinis signs a treaty with Ferdinand IV of Castile to define the borders between Portugal and Castile.
14th century
*1308 – First Portuguese commercial treaty, signed with England.
*1325 – Afonso IV of Portugal becomes king.
*1341 - Portugal raids the
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...
.
*1355 –
Inês de Castro
Inês de Castro (; in Castilian: Inés; 1325 – 7 January 1355) was a Galician noblewoman and courtier, best known as lover and posthumously-recognized wife of King Peter I of Portugal. The dramatic circumstances of her relationship with Peter ...
is killed by royal order; begins civil war between Afonso IV and his heir Pedro.
*1357 –
Pedro I of Portugal
Peter I (Portuguese: ''Pedro I'', ; 8 April 1320 – 18 January 1367), called the Just (''o Justiceiro'') or the Cruel (''o Cruel''), was King of Portugal from 1357 until his death. He was the third but only surviving son of Afonso IV of Portuga ...
becomes king; Inês de Castro is removed from her grave and crowned Queen of Portugal.
*1367 – Fernando I of Portugal becomes king.
*1383/1385 – Civil war and political anarchy: 1383-1385 Crisis.
See also
*
Timeline of Portuguese history
__NOTOC__
This is a timeline of Portuguese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Portugal and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Portugal.
Centurie ...