The Toronto Telegram

''The Toronto Evening Telegram'' was a conservative, broadsheet afternoon newspaper published in Toronto from 1876 to 1971. It had a reputation for supporting the Conservative Party at the federal and the provincial levels. The paper competed with a newspaper supporting the Liberal Party of Ontario: ''The Toronto Star''. ''The Telegram'' strongly supported Canada's connection with the United Kingdom and the rest of the British Empire"The Tely's 95 years: How the Old Lady went mod," John Brehl, ''Toronto Daily Star'', September 18, 1971, p. 6. as late as in the 1960s.

History

''The Toronto Evening Telegram'' was founded in 1876 by publisher John Ross Robertson. He had borrowed $10,000 to buy the assets of ''The Liberal'', a defunct newspaper,"Founder John Ross Robertson made the Telegram explosive force in life of Toronto," Ralph Hyman, ''The Globe and Mail'', September 20, 1971, p. 8. and published his first edition of 3,800 copies on April 18, 1876. The editor of ''Telegram'' from 1876 to 1888 was Alexander Fraser Pirie (1849-1903), a native of Guelph. Pirie had worked for the ''Guelph Herald'', his father's paper.

The newspaper became the voice of working-class, conservative Protestant Orange Toronto. In 1881, Robertson erected a building for the paper at the southeast corner of King and Bay Streets, on Melinda Street. John R. Robinson succeeded Pirie as editor-in-chief in 1888 and held that position until he died in 1928.

''The Telegram'' focused on local issues and became the largest circulation daily in Toronto, but it lost that position in 1932 to the ''Toronto Daily Star'' and never regained it. During the early 20th century, ''The Tely'', as it was popularly known was one of the first Canadian newspapers to introduce Saturday (and in 1957 Sunday) colour comics section (which by its later years spanned two sections), and a radio (and after 1952 television) magazine with listings for the entire week. Following the death of Robertson's widow in 1947, the paper was bought by George McCullagh, the publisher of ''The Globe and Mail'', for $3.6 million. ''Evening'' was dropped from the paper's name in 1949.

McCullagh died in 1952, and the paper was then purchased by John Bassett for $4.25 million with money borrowed from the Eaton family. In March 1957, the paper introduced a Sunday edition, the first Toronto paper to do so, and was threatened by the Attorney-General of Ontario with charges under the province's Lord's Day Act. The Sunday edition was unsuccessful and ceased publication after four months.

In December 1959, Bassett bought a property on Front Street West and in 1963 moved the ''Telegram'' to a new building at that location from the site at Bay and Melinda Street where the paper had been produced since 1899. At the same time, Telegram Corporation acquired a majority interest in Toronto TV station CFTO-TV.

In July 1964, the International Typographical Union called a strike at the ''Telegram'', the ''Star'', and ''The Globe and Mail''. All three papers continued to publish despite the strike.

The ''Telegram'' lost $635,000 in 1969 and $921,000 in 1970 and was on pace to lose another $900,000 in 1971 when it was shut down that year by Bassett on October 30, just as a strike was looming. Many employees moved to the ''Toronto Sun'', which launched at the same time the ''Telegram'' shut down. The ''Telegram'' had its subscriber list sold to the ''Toronto Star'' for $10 million. The ''Star'' also leased the ''Telegrams Front Street facility, which was sold to ''The Globe and Mail''.

In the book ''The Death of the Toronto Telegram'' (1971), the former ''Telegram'' writer Jock Carroll described the decline of the paper and provided many anecdotes about the Canadian newspaper business from the 1950s to 1970.

York University'
library holds
about 500,000 prints and 830,000 negatives of pictures taken by the ''Telegram'''s photographers. Ove
13,000 images
are currently searchable on line, with more appearing on a regular basis.

Notable staff members

Well-known reporters, editors, columnists and cartoonists included:

* George Bain - later joined the ''Globe and Mail'' and ''Toronto Star''
*Isabel Bassett - also a reporter at CFTO and wife of publisher John Bassett, later a provincial cabinet minister under Mike Harris
*Jock Carroll - later an author and book editor
*Greg Clark - previously a war correspondent and reporter with the ''Toronto Daily Star'', was a humour columnist at the ''Telegram''
*Gordon Donaldson"Toronto reporter and writer Gordon Donaldson dies at 74," ''Expositor'', Brantford, Ontario: June 12, 2001, pg. A.24. - reporter, later an author, television journalist and producer at CBC and CTV
*Andy Donato - art director and cartoonist who was a key player in founding the ''Toronto Sun''
* John Downing - later editor-in-chief of the ''Toronto Sun''
*Frank Drea award-winning labour reporter, later a provincial cabinet minister under Bill Davis
* Lillian Foster - fashion editor and columnist
* Doug Fisher - freelance columnist while initially an NDP Member of Parliament, later joined the ''Toronto Sun''
*John Fraser - later a columnist for the ''Toronto Sun'', ''Globe and Mail'', ''Toronto Star'' and ''National Post'', editor of '' Saturday Night'', Master of Massey College
*Trent Frayne - later a sports columnist for the ''Toronto Sun'', ''Globe and Mail'' and ''Maclean's Magazine''
*Clyde Gilmour - CBC Radio broadcaster and later ''Toronto Star'' movie reviewer
*Dale Goldhawk - later a broadcaster at CBC, CTV and Rogers
* George Gross - later ''Toronto Sun'' sports editor
* Fraser Kelly - political editor, later news anchor at CFTO and CBLT
*Robert Kirkland Kernighan - columnist and poet
* Bob MacDonald - later a ''Toronto Sun'' columnist
*J. Douglas MacFarlane - vice-president and editor-in-chief, 50 years in the newspaper business, 1949 to 1969 at the ''Telegram'', from city editor, advancing to top editorial position
* C.A. (Arnie) Patterson Later founder of CFDR and CFRQ radio, Dartmouth NS and Press Secretary to Pierre Elliott Trudeau
*Ted Reeve - later at ''Toronto Sun''
*Paul Rimstead - later at ''Toronto Sun''
* Judith Robinson - contributed a daily column from 1953 to 1961.
*Margaret Scrivener - later a provincial cabinet minister under Bill Davis
* Merle Shain - feature writer, later associate editor of the ''Chatelaine'', and as a columnist for ''Toronto Sun''
* Walter Stewart - later at ''Toronto Sun''
*Bert Wemp - reporter who became mayor of Toronto (1930)
*Ben Wicks - cartoonist, later joined the ''Toronto Star''
*Peter Worthington - played a major role in starting the ''Toronto Sun'' and served, initially, as its editor
*Ritchie Yorke - later music writer for ''The Globe and Mail'', Canadian editor of ''Billboard'' magazine and ''Rolling Stone''
* Scott Young - sports reporter and father of singer Neil Young, later ''Globe and Mail'
*Lubor J. Zink - later a ''Toronto Sun'' columnist
*Jessie M. Read - Food Economist (Joined 1934) ''Three Meals A Day'' and First Cooking School Film in Canada ''Kitchen Talks'' and Radio Cooking School CKCL Toronto
*Gary Ralph - covered many front-page stories including The October Crisis and Woodstock in the five years leading to the Tely's last edition. Award winner for his police reporting.

See also

* '' Toronto Standard'' 1848-49
* ''Toronto Star'' 1892 to present
* ''Toronto Sun'' 1971 to present
* ''The Globe and Mail'' 1936 to present
** '' The Globe'' 1844-1936
** ''The Mail and Empire'' 1895-1936
*** ''The Toronto Mail'' 1872-1895
*** ''Toronto Empire'' 1872-1895

References

Further reading

*
*
*Toronto: Past and Present / A Handbook of the city. C. Pelham Mulvany (Toronto: W. E. Caiger Publisher, 1884). Toronto Evening Telegram history: pp. 193–194.
*Canada's Newspaper Legend: The Story of J. Douglas MacFarlane by Richard MacFarlane (Toronto: ECW Press Ltd., 2000) Newspaper History in Canada, Biography, 300 pp.

External links

Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University
- Archival photographs from the ''Toronto Telegram'' fonds.

Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, Robarts Library, University of Toronto. Archival and photograph collection of J. Douglas MacFarlane's newspaper career in Toronto.

{{Authority control

Newspapers published in Toronto
Defunct newspapers published in Ontario
Publications established in 1876
Publications disestablished in 1971
Daily newspapers published in Ontario
1876 establishments in Ontario
1971 disestablishments in Ontario
Conservative media in Canada