In the southern

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, tagonggo or tagunggo is a type of music traditionally played by male musicians dressed in their festive fineries. It is considered to be outdoor music, while the related

kulintang Kulintang ( id, kolintang, ms, kulintangan) is a modern term for an ancient instrumental form of music composed on a row of small, horizontally laid gongs that function melodically, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums. As part of ...

ensemble, by contrast, is

chamber music Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small numb ...

. The main instrument of tagonggo music is the tagunggoan, from which it takes its name. The tagunggoan consists of six to eight hanging

gongs A gongFrom Indonesian and ms, gong; jv, ꦒꦺꦴꦁ ; zh, c=鑼, p=luó; ja, , dora; km, គង ; th, ฆ้อง ; vi, cồng chiêng; as, কাঁহ is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Gongs ...

in a pentatonic scale. In addition, the instrumental ensemble consists of a number of medium-sized gongs called mamalala; several small, high pitched, and shallow gongs called pong; one or more tambor (snare drums); and one or more garagara or panda'opan (cymbals). The last two are either of Chinese or European origin. Tagonggo is associated with the Sama,

Bajau The Sama-Bajau include several Austronesian ethnic groups of Maritime Southeast Asia. The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves the Sama or Samah (formally A'a Sama, "Sama people"); or are known by the exonym ...

, and Tausug ethnicities of the Sulu archipelago.{{Cite web, url=https://usa.inquirer.net/4291/artists-explore-state-filipino-art-culture-diaspora, title=Artists explore state of Filipino art, culture in the diaspora, website=usa.inquirer.net, access-date=2019-01-05, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106105918/https://usa.inquirer.net/4291/artists-explore-state-filipino-art-culture-diaspora, archive-date=2019-01-06, url-status=live Occasions or purposes for playing tagonggo include sending off or welcoming dignitaries, honorific serving of

betel quid Betel nut chewing, also called betel quid chewing or areca nut chewing, is a practice in which areca nuts (also called "betel nuts") are chewed together with slaked lime and betel leaves for their stimulant and narcotic effects. The practice ...

, and wedding celebrations. Tagonggo players go at the head of the parade either on foot or aboard a vehicle or motorboat. Tagonggo is also played in ceremonies called kalilang sa tong to appeal to the spirits for a bountiful harvest or for a rich catch of fish.

References

See also: The Maranao Man. Mindanao Art and Culture, Number Four (1980); Marawi City: University Research Center, Mindanao State University; 130pp. Gongs Pitched percussion instruments Philippine folk instruments