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The Sydney central business district (CBD) is the historical and main commercial centre of
Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
. The CBD is Sydney's city centre, or Sydney City, and the two terms are used interchangeably. Colloquially, the CBD or city centre is often referred to simply as "Town" or "the City". The Sydney city centre extends southwards for about from
Sydney Cove Sydney Cove (Eora: ) is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, one of several harbours in Port Jackson, on the coast of Sydney, New South Wales. Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney locatio ...
, the point of first European settlement in which the Sydney region was initially established. Due to its pivotal role in Australia's early history, it is one of the oldest established areas in the country. Geographically, its north–south axis runs from Circular Quay in the north to Central railway station in the south. Its east–west axis runs from a chain of parkland that includes Hyde Park, The Domain, Royal Botanic Gardens and Farm Cove on
Sydney Harbour Port Jackson, consisting of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers, is the ria or natural harbour of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The harbour is an inlet of the Tasman Sea (p ...
in the east; to
Darling Harbour Darling Harbour is a harbour adjacent to the city centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that is made up of a large recreational and pedestrian precinct that is situated on western outskirts of the Sydney central business district. Origin ...
and the Western Distributor in the west. The Sydney City is Australia's main financial and economic centre, as well as a leading hub of economic activity for the Asia-Pacific region. The city centre and areas immediately around it employ approximately 22% of the Sydney region's workforce. The City has the largest gathering of workers in the whole of Sydney. Most of them are white collar office workers in the finance and professional service industries. In 2012, the number of workers operating in the City was 226,972. Based on industry mix and relative occupational wage levels it is estimated that economic activity (GDP) generated in the city in 2015/16 was approximately $118 billion. Culturally, the city centre is Sydney's focal point for nightlife and entertainment. It is also home to some of the city's most significant buildings and structures.


Geography and urban structure

The Sydney CBD is an area of very densely concentrated skyscrapers and other buildings, interspersed by several parks such as Hyde Park, The Domain, Royal Botanic Gardens and Wynyard Park. George Street is the Sydney CBD's main north–south thoroughfare. The streets run on a slightly warped grid pattern in the southern CBD, but in the older northern CBD the streets form several intersecting grids, reflecting their placement in relation to the prevailing breeze and orientation to Circular Quay in early settlement. The CBD runs along two ridge lines below Macquarie Street and York Streets. Between these ridges is Pitt Street, running close to the course of the original Tank Stream (now tunneled). Bridge Street took its name from the bridge running east–west that once crossed this stream. Pitt Street is the retail heart of the city which includes the Pitt Street Mall and the Sydney Tower. Macquarie Street is a historic precinct that houses such buildings as the State
Parliament House Parliament House may refer to: Australia * Parliament House, Canberra, Parliament of Australia * Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia * Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament of Queensland * Parliament House, Darwin, Parliame ...
and the Supreme Court of New South Wales.


Boundaries

The New South Wales Geographical Names Board defines the area covering the central business district as the suburb named "Sydney". The formal boundaries of the suburb "Sydney" covers most of the peninsula formed by Cockle Bay in the west and Woolloomooloo Bay in the east. It extends north to Circular Quay, Bennelong Point and
Mrs Macquarie's Chair Mrs Macquarie's Chair (also known as Lady Macquarie's Chair) is an exposed sandstone rock cut into the shape of a bench, on a peninsula in Sydney Harbour. It was hand carved by convicts in 1810, for Elizabeth Macquarie, the wife of Major-Gener ...
, east to Woolloomooloo Bay and the eastern boundary of the Domain and Hyde Park, south to Goulburn Street just north of Sydney's Chinatown (Haymarket), and west to cover the
Darling Harbour Darling Harbour is a harbour adjacent to the city centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that is made up of a large recreational and pedestrian precinct that is situated on western outskirts of the Sydney central business district. Origin ...
area on the western shore of Cockle Bay. However, it does not include the northwestern portion of the peninsula which includes the Barangaroo, the Rocks, Miller's Point, Dawe's Point and Walsh Bay area, which are formally separate suburbs grouped by the City of Sydney into the "small area" called "The Rocks - Miller's Point - Dawe's Point". Although not part of the CBD, Chinatown, Haymarket, the Rocks, Miller's Point and Dawe's Point are often regarded as part of the city centre. The postcode zone 2000 is also roughly correlative with the city centre. "Sydney City" is very occasionally used to refer not only to the City proper, but also its nearby inner suburbs such as Pyrmont, Haymarket, Ultimo and Woolloomooloo.


City of Sydney boundaries over time

The City of Sydney is traditionally the governing authority for Sydney's city centre. However, the boundaries of the City of Sydney have always been larger than the city centre or CBD. For example, Pyrmont has been in the City of Sydney since 1842 but is usually considered to be an inner western suburb, not a part of the Sydney city centre or CBD. Today's City of Sydney is far larger than the city centre or CBD. File:COS pre 1909.png, Boundaries pre–1909 File:City of Sydney 1909-1949.png, Boundaries 1909–1948 File:City of Sydney 1949-1968.png, Boundaries 1949–1968 File:City of Sydney 1968-1982.png, Boundaries 1968–1982 File:City of Sydney 1982-1988.png, Boundaries 1982–1988 File:City of Sydney 1989-2003.png, Boundaries 1989–2003


History

Sydney's history begins in
prehistoric Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of ...
times with the occupation of the district by Australian Aboriginals, whose ancestors came to Sydney in the Upper Paleolithic period.
Radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. The method was dev ...
suggests that they lived in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan. The principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The modern history of the city began with the arrival of a
First Fleet The First Fleet was a fleet of 11 ships that brought the first European and African settlers to Australia. It was made up of two Royal Navy vessels, three store ships and six convict transports. On 13 May 1787 the fleet under the command ...
of British ships in 1788 and the foundation of a penal colony by Great Britain. The area surrounding Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) was home to several
Aboriginal Aborigine, aborigine or aboriginal may refer to: *Aborigines (mythology), in Roman mythology * Indigenous peoples, general term for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area *One of several groups of indigenous peoples, see ...
tribes. The "
Eora The Eora (''Yura'') are an Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales. Eora is the name given by the earliest European settlers to a group of Aboriginal people belonging to the clans along the coastal area of what is now known as the Sy ...
people" are the coastal Aboriginal people of the Sydney district. The name ''Eora'' simply means "here" or "from this place", and was used by Local Aboriginal people to describe to the British where they came from. After arriving to Botany Bay, Captain
Arthur Phillip Admiral Arthur Phillip (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first governor of the Colony of New South Wales. Phillip was educated at Greenwich Hospital School from June 1751 unti ...
decided that the area was not suitable since it had poor soil, no secure anchorage and no reliable water source. Thus, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at
Sydney Cove Sydney Cove (Eora: ) is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, one of several harbours in Port Jackson, on the coast of Sydney, New South Wales. Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney locatio ...
on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day. The colony was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Sydney Cove offered a fresh water supply and Port Jackson a safe harbour, which Phillip described as: "being without exception the finest Harbour in the World". With the expansion of European settlement large amounts of land was cleared for farming, which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal food sources. This, combined with the introduction of new diseases such as smallpox, caused resentment within the Aboriginal clans against the British and resulted in violent confrontations. The oldest legislative body in Australia, the
New South Wales Legislative Council The New South Wales Legislative Council, often referred to as the upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales. The other is the Legislative Assembly. Both sit at Parliament House in th ...
, was created in Sydney in 1825 as an appointed body to advise the
Governor of New South Wales The governor of New South Wales is the viceregal representative of the Australian monarch, King Charles III, in the state of New South Wales. In an analogous way to the governor-general of Australia at the national level, the governors of the ...
. The northern wing of Macquarie Street's's Rum Hospital was requisitioned and converted to accommodate the first Parliament House in 1829, as it was the largest building available in Sydney at the time. In 1840 the Sydney City Council was established. Australia's first parliamentary elections were conducted for the
New South Wales Legislative Council The New South Wales Legislative Council, often referred to as the upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales. The other is the Legislative Assembly. Both sit at Parliament House in th ...
in 1843. The passing of the ''Sydney Incorporation Act'' in 1842 officially recognised the colonial settlement as a township and imposed a managerial structure to its administration. Macquarie set aside a large portion of land for an Anglican Cathedral and laid the foundation stone for the first St Mary's Catholic Cathedral in 1821. St Andrew's Anglican Cathedral, though more modest in size than Macquarie's original vision, later began construction and, after fire and setbacks, the present St Mary's Catholic Cathedral foundation stone was laid in 1868, from which rose a towering gothic-revival landmark. Religious groups were also responsible for many of the philanthropic activities in Sydney. One of these was the
Sydney Female Refuge Society For 77 years the Sydney Female Refuge Society provided a home for women escaping from prostitution and unmarried young girls who fell pregnant. The society operated from 1848 to 1925 and until 1901 was located in Pitt Street South. History The ref ...
set up to care for prostitutes in 1848. An academy of art formed in 1870 and the present
Art Gallery of New South Wales The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most importa ...
building began construction in 1896. Inspired by the works of French impressionism, artists camps formed around the foreshores of Sydney Harbour in the 1880s. The Romanesque landmark Queen Victoria Building (QVB), designed by George McRae, was completed in 1898 on the site of the old Sydney markets. In the midst of World War I, on Valentine's Day, riots racked the CBD, in what has come to be known as the Central Station Riots of 1916. A substantial segment of the violence was concentrated in the Central area. These riots involved five thousand military recruits who refused to comply with extraneous parade orders. During the riots, they caused significant damage to buildings. People with "foreign" names were especially targeted. The recruits clashed with soldiers, resulting in the death of Private Ernest William Keefe. Eight people sustained injuries. Because this incident occurred in the middle of the Great War the state discouraged media coverage. Only a fifth of the rioters were court-marshalled. These riots spurred the introduction of lockout laws for pubs after 6 pm. This law was only lifted in 1955.


Governance

Administratively, the Sydney CBD falls under the authority of the
local government area A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for. The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a State (administrative division), state, province, divi ...
of the City of Sydney. The
New South Wales state government The Government of New South Wales, also known as the NSW Government, is the States and territories of Australia, Australian state democratic administrative authority of New South Wales. It is currently held by a coalition of the Liberal Party o ...
also has authority over some aspects of the CBD, in particular through Property NSW. In the New South Wales state parliament, the seat of "
Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
" covers the city centre together with inner western, southern and eastern suburbs. Independent Alex Greenwich has represented the state seat of Sydney since the
2012 by-election 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. I ...
, triggered by the resignation of previous independent
Clover Moore Clover Margaret Moore (née Collins, born 22 October 1945) is an Australian politician. She has been the List of Mayors and Lord Mayors of Sydney, Lord Mayor of the City of Sydney since 2004 and is currently the longest serving Lord Mayor of Syd ...
, who was the
Lord Mayor of Sydney The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor of Sydney is the head of the Council of the City of Sydney, which is the local government area covering the central business district of Sydney in the State of New South Wales, Australia. The Lord Mayor has be ...
, due to introduced state laws preventing dual membership of state parliament and local council. In the federal parliament, the seat of "
Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
" covers the city centre together with a larger set of inner western, southern and eastern suburbs, as well as islands in the Sydney Harbour and Lord Howe Island. Australian Labor Party member Tanya Plibersek has represented the federal seat of Sydney since the
1998 Australian federal election The 1998 Australian federal election was held to determine the members of the 39th Parliament of Australia. It was held on 3 October 1998. All 148 seats of the House of Representatives and 40 seats of the 76-seat Senate were up for election. T ...
.


Commercial area

The Sydney CBD is home to some of the largest Australian companies, as well as serving as an Asia-Pacific headquarters for many large international companies. The financial services industry in particular occupies much of the available office space, with companies such as the Westpac, Commonwealth Bank of Australia,
Citibank Citibank, N. A. (N. A. stands for " National Association") is the primary U.S. banking subsidiary of financial services multinational Citigroup. Citibank was founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, and later became First National City ...
, Deutsche Bank, Macquarie Bank, AMP Limited, Insurance Australia Group, AON, Marsh, Allianz,
HSBC HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational universal bank and financial services holding company. It is the largest bank in Europe by total assets ahead of BNP Paribas, with US$2.953 trillion as of December 2021. In 2021, HSBC had $10.8 tri ...
,
Axa Axa S.A. (styled as ''AXA'' or GIG in the Middle East) is a French multinational insurance company. The head office is in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. It also provides investment management and other financial services. The Ax ...
, ABN Amro,
RBC RBC may refer to: Media and arts * ''RBK Daily'', a general business newspaper published in Moscow, Russia. * RBK Group, a large Russian media group * RBC Ministries, now Our Daily Bread Ministries, a Christian media outlet in Grand Rapdis, Mich ...
and
Bloomsbury Publishing Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction. It is a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index. Bloomsbury's head office is located in Bloomsbury, an area of the London Borough of Camden. It has a U ...
all having offices.


Transport

Sydney's CBD is serviced by commuter rail, light rail, bus and
ferry A ferry is a ship, watercraft or amphibious vehicle used to carry passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A passenger ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, Italy, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi ...
transport. Sydney's main commuter rail hub is Central railway station ("Central"), which is located to the south of the CBD in Haymarket: it connects services for almost all of the lines in the Sydney Trains network, as well as being the terminus for
NSW TrainLink NSW TrainLink is a train and coach operator in Australia, providing services throughout New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, along with limited interstate services into Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Its primary interc ...
country and inter-urban rail services. From Central, there is a largely-underground CBD rail loop, accessed in both directions via Central, which services five CBD stations (
Town Hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
,
Wynyard Wynyard may refer to: Australia: *Wynyard, Sydney, the district of Sydney CBD around Wynyard railway station, Sydney *Wynyard Park, Sydney *Wynyard, Tasmania *County of Wynyard, in the Murrumbidgee–Tumut region of New South Wales Canada: *Wynya ...
, Circular Quay,
St James Saint James or St. James may refer to: People Saints *James, brother of Jesus (died 62 or 69), also known as James the Just *James the Great (died 44), Apostle, also known as James, son of Zebedee, or Saint James the Greater **Saint James Matamoro ...
and Museum). This is known as the City Circle. In addition, a separate underground line to
Bondi Junction Bondi Junction is an eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 6 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of Waverley. Bondi Junction is a largely comme ...
services an additional underground station, Martin Place. The Inner West Light Rail passes immediately to the south of the CBD, connecting Central to nearby suburbs of Sydney's Inner West. The CBD and South East Light Rail runs north–south through the CBD, connecting Circular Quay with Central and the south eastern suburbs. Buses service the CBD along several dozen routes to both inner and more remote suburbs. NightRide is an after-hours bus service that operates between midnight and 5:00 am, with most services running from George Street outside the Sydney Town Hall.
Sydney Ferries Sydney Ferries is the public transport ferry network serving the city of Sydney, New South Wales. Services operate on Sydney Harbour and the connecting Parramatta River. The network is controlled by the New South Wales Government's transport a ...
operate largely from Circular Quay, on the northern edge of the CBD. There are several wharves (directly beneath the elevated Circular Quay commuter rail station), with Wharf 3 operating exclusively to Manly. There are also ferries services from the western edge of the CBD at Barangaroo. Additionally, the rapid transit line connecting the northwest suburbs with is planned to continue to the CBD when the second stage of the Sydney Metro is completed. This rapid transit line is underground in the CBD area and will link the
North Shore North Shore or Northshore may refer to: Geographic features Australia *North Shore (Sydney), a suburban region of Sydney **Electoral district of North Shore **North Shore railway line, Sydney *Noosa North Shore, Queensland * North Shore, New So ...
to Bankstown via a tunnel underneath Sydney Harbour and the CBD. It is currently under construction, with a planned completion date of 2024. Construction on a separate rapid transit line to connect the CBD with the secondary centre of Parramatta is also expected to begin in late 2022.


Culture

Sydney's cultural centre is compacted within its central business district and inner city ring, due to its nightlife, pedestrian traffic and centrality of notable attractions. There is a large concentration of cultural institutions within the CBD including: the Museum of Sydney, the
State Library of New South Wales The State Library of New South Wales, part of which is known as the Mitchell Library, is a large heritage-listed special collections, reference and research library open to the public and is one of the oldest libraries in Australia. Establish ...
, the Customs House branch of the City of Sydney Library, the Theatre Royal, the City Recital Hall and the
Japan Foundation The was established in 1972 by an Act of the National Diet as a special legal entity to undertake international dissemination of Japanese culture, and became an Independent Administrative Institution under the jurisdiction of the Ministry o ...
. There are a total of 19 churches located in the Sydney city centre. Many other cultural institutions are located at the surrounds of the CBD, such as: the
Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour, it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive buildings and a masterpiece of 20th-century architec ...
and the
Museum of Contemporary Art Museum of Contemporary Art (often abbreviated to MCA, MoCA or MOCA) may refer to: Africa * Museum of Contemporary Art (Tangier), Morocco, officially le Galerie d'Art Contemporain Mohamed Drissi Asia East Asia * Museum of Contemporary Art Shangha ...
to the north, the Australian Museum and the
Art Gallery of New South Wales The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most importa ...
to the east, the Powerhouse Museum to the west,
White Rabbit Gallery The White Rabbit Gallery is an contemporary art museum located in the Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the me ...
and the Haymarket branch of the City of Sydney Library to the south. The lanes and alleyways of Sydney exhibit the culture and arts of the CBD. Every January during the summer, the city celebrates with the
Sydney Festival Sydney Festival is a major arts festival in Australia's largest city, Sydney that runs for three weeks every January, since it was established in 1977. The festival program features in excess of 100 events from local and international artists an ...
. There are art, music and dance exhibitions at indoor and outdoor venues. Australian and International theatre during the month is also featured, including
Aboriginal Aborigine, aborigine or aboriginal may refer to: *Aborigines (mythology), in Roman mythology * Indigenous peoples, general term for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area *One of several groups of indigenous peoples, see ...
, and Contemporary. Many of these events are free. The Sydney Film Festival is an international event organised every year in June at various venues across the CBD. The festival opened on 11 June 1954 and was held over four days, with screenings at Sydney University. Attendance was at full capacity with 1,200 tickets sold at one guinea each. Sydney boasts a lively café culture, as well as a club and bar scene distributed throughout the CBD and concentrated in a couple of locations such as
Darling Harbour Darling Harbour is a harbour adjacent to the city centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that is made up of a large recreational and pedestrian precinct that is situated on western outskirts of the Sydney central business district. Origin ...
. Although Kings Cross is not technically located within the Sydney CBD, it is accessible via William Street, which runs through Hyde Park and is part of the inner-city region. Oxford Street hosts Sydney's gay scene.


Architecture

The Sydney CBD contains many of Australia's tallest skyscrapers, including Governor Phillip Tower, MLC Centre and World Tower, the latter consisting predominantly of apartments. It is also home to the Australia Square tower building on George Street, which was the city's tallest building until 1976. As of 2017, the tallest structure is Centrepoint Tower at which has dominated the city skyline since it was topped out in 1981. In 2016, height limits for buildings were lifted from to . Sydney's CBD features a juxtaposition of old and new architecture. The old architecture dates back to Sydney's earliest days as a colony, down to the more grandiose Victorian architecture from the Gold rush era–the most substantial examples are the Queen Victoria Building and the Sydney Town Hall. Modern architectures take form as high-rises and skyscrapers, which are prolific among all of Sydney's city streets. The earliest skyscraper constructed in Sydney was Culwulla Chambers, which stands at a height of and was completed in 1912. Designed by Spain, Cosh and Minnett, the building consisted of 14 floors and cost £100,000 to build. Heritage conservation has been an ongoing issue for Sydney's city centre since the introduction of green bans in the 1970s and the increasing need for office or living space. Since then, a number of prominent buildings in the CBD have been lost: Anthony Hordern & Sons on George Street, the Regent Theatre also on George Street, Commercial Travelers' Club and Hotel Australia at Martin Place all attracted the ire of Sydneysiders–Sydney Mayor Clover Moore, then the MP for Bligh, even addressed a crowd in Martin Place in 1988 in a futile attempt to save the Regent Theatre from its imminent fate.


Heritage listings

The Sydney central business district has many heritage-listed buildings including: * Pyrmont Bridge * Tank Stream * 45 Alfred Street: Customs House, Sydney * 2-6 Barrack Street:
Pinnacle House Pinnacle House is a heritage-listed former warehouse at 2-6 Barrack Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Sheerin & Hennessy and built from ...
* 107-109 Bathurst Street:
107-109 Bathurst Street, Sydney 107-109 Bathurst Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed former bank building and now KFC fast food restaurant located at 107-109 Bathurst Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wa ...
* Between George and Pitt Street, Martin Place:
Sydney Cenotaph The Sydney Cenotaph is a heritage-listed monument located in Martin Place, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Bertram Mackennal and built from 1927 to 1929 by Dorman Long & Co. It is also known as Martin Place Memorial ...
* 31 Bligh Street:
New South Wales Club building New South Wales Club building is a heritage-listed former clubhouse and now offices located at 31 Bligh Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designe ...
* 5-11 Bridge Street: Burns Philp Building * 13-15 Bridge Street: Liner House * 22-33 Bridge Street: Department of Lands building * 35-39 Bridge Street: Department of Education building * 41 Bridge Street: First Government House * 6-18 Bulletin Place:
Bulletin Place Warehouses Bulletin or The Bulletin may refer to: Periodicals (newspapers, magazines, journals) * Bulletin (online newspaper), a Swedish online newspaper * ''The Bulletin'' (Australian periodical), an Australian magazine (1880–2008) ** Bulletin Debate, ...
* 3-15 Campbell Street: Capitol Theatre * 72-72a Castlereagh Street: Trust Building * 302 Castlereagh Street: Downing Centre * City Circle railway: Museum railway station * City Circle railway: St James railway station * 153-159 Clarence Street:
Red Cross House The Red Cross House is a heritage-listed former commercial building and now Australian Red Cross and blood transfusion centre located at 153-159 Clarence Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government ...
* 281 Clarence Street:
Clarence Street Police Station The Clarence Street Police Station is a heritage-listed former police station and now community service office located at 281 Clarence Street, Sydney, Australia. It was designed by James Barnet as the NSW Government Architect and was built fr ...
* College Street: St Mary's Cathedral * 6-8 College Street: Australian Museum building * Concourse under Western Distributor:
Darling Harbour Carousel The Darling Harbour Carousel is a heritage-listed carousel located at the concourse under the Western Distributor at Darling Harbour in the Sydney central business district in the City of Sydney local government area, New South Wales, Austral ...
* Darling Harbour goods railway:
Railway Square road overbridge The Railway Square road overbridge is a heritage-listed road overbridge carrying George Street over the former Darling Harbour goods railway line at Railway Square in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local governmen ...
* Eastern Suburbs railway:
Martin Place railway station Martin Place railway station is a heritage-listed underground commuter rail station located on the Eastern Suburbs line, serving the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. Named after Martin Place, it is served by Sy ...
* Elizabeth Street:
Hyde Park Obelisk The Hyde Park Obelisk is a heritage-listed obelisk that served as a sewer vent and is now a monument located in Hyde Park at the intersection of Elizabeth Street and Bathurst Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Syd ...
* 60-70 Elizabeth Street:
GIO building The GIO Building is a heritage-listed office tower located at 60-70 Elizabeth Street in the Sydney central business district in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built during 1929. It is also known ...
* 150-152 Elizabeth Street: Australian Hall * 154-158 Elizabeth Street:
Metters Building The Metters Building is a heritage-listed office building at 154-158 Elizabeth Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Robertson and Marks ...
* 160-162 Elizabeth Street: Crown Hotel * 187a Elizabeth Street: Great Synagogue * 216 - 220 Elizabeth Street:
Sharpies Golf House Sign The Sharpies Golf House Sign is a heritage-listed neon animated advertising sign in Sydney, Australia. It was built from 1958 to 1964 by Consolidated Neon (later Claude Neon), and sat atop a golfing business at 216 – 220 Elizabeth Street, ...
* Elizabeth Street and St James Road: Old Registry Wing (Supreme Court of New South Wales) * 110-120 Elizabeth, Park, Liverpool, College Streets: Hyde Park * 66-80 Erskine Street:
Watch House Terrace Watch House Terrace is a heritage-listed row of terraced houses at 66–80 Erskine Street, Sydney, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. History It was bui ...
* 82 Erskine Street:
Erskine Street Police Station Erskine Street Police Station is a heritage-listed former police station at 82 Erskine Street, Sydney, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by William Dumaresq and built in 1827. It is also known as the Erskine Street ...
* Farm Cove: Royal Botanic Garden and The Domain * Farm Cove Crescent: Man O'War Steps * 244 George Street:
Metropolitan Hotel, Sydney Metropolitan Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 244 George Street, Sydney, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. History The coastal Aboriginal people around Sydney are known as the Eora. ...
* 296 George Street:
Skinners Family Hotel The Skinners Family Hotel is a heritage-listed former pub and now retail optometrist shop, located at 296 George Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It wa ...
* 341 George Street:
341 George Street, Sydney 341 George Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed bank building located at 341 George Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1927 to 1932 an ...
* 343 George Street:
343 George Street, Sydney 343 George Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed former bank building and now nine-storey retail and commercial premises. It is located at 343 George Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of ...
* 348 - 352 George Street:
348-352 George Street, Sydney 348-352 George Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed office building located at 348 - 352 George Street, Sydney, George Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. ...
* 354 George Street:
354 George Street, Sydney 354 George Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed retail and office building and former bank building located at 354 George Street, Sydney, George Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New ...
* 429-481 George Street: Queen Victoria Building * 483 George Street: Sydney Town Hall * 631, 633-635 George Street:
King George Hotel George Hotel is a heritage-listed former hotel at 631 George Street, Sydney, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. History Two separate land grants for 631–635 George Street were issue ...
and
Haymarket Post Office Haymarket Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 633–635 George Street, Sydney, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by E. Henderson and built from 1927 to 1928 by H. W. Thompson Ltd. It was added to th ...
* 812a-814 George Street: Christ Church St Laurence * 1400 George Street: St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney * 4-10 Goulburn Street:
Sydney Trades Hall The Sydney Trades Hall is a heritage-listed trade union building located at 4-10 Goulburn Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Smedle ...
* Great Southern and Western Railway; Illawarra Rail:
Central railway station, Sydney Central is a heritage-listed railway station located in the centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The station is the largest and busiest railway station in Australia and serves as a major transport interchange for NSW TrainLink inte ...
* 1 Harbour Street:
Chinese Garden of Friendship The Chinese Garden of Friendship () is a heritage-listed Chinese garden at 1 Harbour Street, in the Sydney Central Business District, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Modelled after the classic private gardens of the Ming dynasty, ...
* 181-187 Hay Street:
181-187 Hay Street, Sydney 181-187 Hay Street, also known as the Corporation Building or Municipal Building, is a heritage-listed former council chambers located at 181-187 Hay Street, in the Haymarket district of Sydney, Australia. It was built from 1893. The property ...
* 33-39 Hunter Street:
Perpetual Trustee Company Building Perpetual Trustee Company Building is a heritage-listed office building at 33–39 Hunter Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Robertson ...
* 60-66 Hunter Street:
City Mutual Life Assurance building The City Mutual Life Assurance Building is a heritage-listed commercial building located at 60-66 Hunter Street, Sydney, Hunter Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Aus ...
* 68-96 Hunter Street:
Qantas House Qantas House is an Australian heritage-listed office building at 68-96 Hunter Street, Sydney. It was designed by Rudder, Littlemore & Rudder and built from 1955 to 1957 by Concrete Constructions Pty Ltd. It is also known as No. 1 Chifley Squar ...
* Hyde Park South, near Liverpool Street: ANZAC War Memorial * Hyde Park, Liverpool Street:
HMAS Sydney I - SMS Emden Memorial His Majesty's Australian Ship (HMAS) (or Her Majesty's Australian Ship when the monarch is female) is a ship prefix used for commissioned units of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). This prefix is derived from HMS (Her/His Majesty's Ship), the pre ...
* 529-531 Kent Street:
The Judges House The Judges House is a heritage-listed former gentleman's villa residence and homeless shelter and now corporates offices and restaurant located at 529 - 531 Kent Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local gove ...
* King Street: Greenway Wing (Supreme Court of New South Wales) * 173 King Street: St James' Church * Little Hay Street:
John Bridge Woolstore The John Bridge Woolstore is a heritage-listed former warehouse located at 64 Harbour Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area. It was probably designed by either William Pritchard or his so ...
* Little Hunter Street (between Hunter Street, and Curtin Place): Little Hunter and Hamilton Street Precinct * 98 Liverpool Street: Central Local Court House * Macquarie Place: Macquarie Place Precinct * 27-31 Macquarie Place: Kyle House * Macquarie Street: Hyde Park Barracks * Macquarie Street:
Parliament House Parliament House may refer to: Australia * Parliament House, Canberra, Parliament of Australia * Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia * Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament of Queensland * Parliament House, Darwin, Parliame ...
* Macquarie Street: Sydney Conservatorium of Music * 89-91 Macquarie Street:
Royal Automobile Club of Australia building Royal Automobile Club of Australia building is a heritage-listed Meetinghouse, clubhouse located at 89–91 Macquarie Street, Sydney, Macquarie Street, Sydney, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by H. E. Ross and Rowe ...
* 93-97 Macquarie Street: 93-97 Macquarie Street, Sydney * 117-119 Macquarie Street: Treasury building * 121 Macquarie Street: Chief Secretary's building * 133 Macquarie Street:
History House, Sydney History House, Sydney is a heritage-listed former residence, doctor's rooms and clubhouse and now historical society located at 133 Macquarie Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New ...
* 135-137 Macquarie Street:
AMA House, Sydney AMA House, Sydney or the Australian Medical Association House, Sydney is a heritage-listed former medical office and library and now commercial offices located at 135-137 Macquarie Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City ...
* 197 Macquarie Street:
St Stephen's Uniting Church St Stephen's Uniting Church is a heritage-listed Uniting Church located at 197 Macquarie Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. Developed initially as St Ste ...
* Macquarie Street, Bennelong Point: Government House * 47-51 Market Street: State Theatre * 1 Martin Place:
General Post Office The General Post Office (GPO) was the state postal system and telecommunications carrier of the United Kingdom until 1969. Before the Acts of Union 1707, it was the postal system of the Kingdom of England, established by Charles II in 1660. ...
* 4-10 Martin Place: Challis House * 42-46 Martin Place: MLC Building, Sydney * 48-50 Martin Place: State Savings Bank building * 53-63 Martin Place: APA Building, Sydney * 19-21 O'Connell Street: Public Trust Office * 4-8 Phillip Street: Justice and Police Museum * 39-47 Phillip Street:
Phillip Street Terraces The Phillip Street Terraces are heritage-listed terrace houses and now mixed commercial buildings, offices and restaurant located at 39-47 Phillip Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of ...
* 64-66 Pitt Street:
Wales House, Sydney Wales House is a heritage-listed former newspaper office building, bank building and now hotel located at 64–66 Pitt Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. ...
* 122 Pitt Street:
The Sydney Club The Sydney Club is a heritage-listed club premises at 122 Pitt Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by George Allen Mansfield, Mansfield Bro ...
* 138-140 Pitt Street: Kings Hotel * 142-144 Pitt Street:
Grahame's Corner Grahame's Corner is a heritage-listed commercial and office building located at 142-144 Pitt Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by G. A. ...
* 195 - 197 Pitt Street: The Strand Arcade * 264 Pitt Street: Pitt Street Uniting Church * 275-277a Pitt Street:
Sydney School of Arts building The Sydney School of Arts building, now the Arthouse Hotel, is a heritage-listed meeting place, restaurant and bar, and former mechanics' institute, located at 275-277a Pitt Street in the Sydney central business district in the City of Sydne ...
* 339-341 Pitt Street:
Sydney Water Head Office The Sydney Water Head Office, now known as Kimpton Margot Sydney is a heritage-listed hotel, formerly an office building, located in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Henry Budden & Mackey a ...
* Prince Albert Road: Registrar-General's building * 1 Shakespeare Place: State Library of New South Wales building * St James Road:
Banco Road Court (Supreme Court of New South Wales) The former Banco Court of the Supreme Court of New South Wales is a heritage-listed courthouse at St James Road, Sydney, Australia. It was designed by Walter Liberty Vernon and built from 1895 to 1896. It forms part of the historic complex know ...
* 20 Sussex Street:
Sussex Hotel The Sussex Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 20 Sussex Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1913 to 1915. Historically known as the New Hunter River Hotel, it was known as the Big House Hotel from 1973 until 1991, t ...
* 81 Sussex Street:
Bristol Arms Hotel Bristol Arms Hotel is a heritage-listed pub located at 81 Sussex Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as the Welcome Inn Hotel. It was adde ...
* 95-99 Sussex Street: Hawken and Vance Produce Exchange * 107-117 Sussex Street:
Royal George Hotel, Sydney Royal George Hotel is a heritage-listed pub located at 115–117 Sussex Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1903. The adjoining former Cut ...
* 121-127 Sussex Street: 121-127 Sussex Street, Sydney * 139-153 Sussex Street: 139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney * 161 Sussex Street:
161 Sussex Street, Sydney 161 Sussex Street is a heritage-listed historic site located at 161 Sussex Street, Sydney, Sussex Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The property is owned ...
* 163-169 Sussex Street: 163-169 Sussex Street, Sydney * 171 Sussex Street:
Dundee Arms Hotel The Dundee Arms Hotel, commonly called The Dundee Arms, is a heritage-listed pub located at 171 Sussex Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built in ...
* 173-185 Sussex Street: Corn Exchange, Sydney * 14-16 York Street:
International House, Sydney International House is a heritage-listed commercial building at 14-16 York Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Robertson & Marks and buil ...
* 19-31 York Street: Transport House, Sydney * 22 York Street:
22 York Street, Sydney 22 York Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed commercial office and former warehouse located at 22 York Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It has now been ...
* 45-47 York Street: AWA Tower * 73 York Street: 73 York Street, Sydney * 75 York Street: National House * 77-79 York Street: Grace building * 147-149 York Street: Hong Kong House * 5-7 Young Street:
Hinchcliff House Hinchcliff House is a heritage-listed former wool store, hostel for homeless men and university campus at 5–7 Young Street, Sydney, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The southern section was built , while the northern section was b ...
* 36-42 Young Street:
Young Street Terraces The Young Street Terraces are heritage-listed former government offices and nurses' quarters, and now offices, at 36-42 Young Street, in the Sydney central business district in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Austr ...


Demographics

At the 2021 census, the population of the Sydney CBD was recorded as 16,667. In the 2016 census, there were 17,252 people residing in Sydney CBD. The median age was 30 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 4.5% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 5.7% of the population. 17.0% of the people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were Thailand (13.3%), China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) (11.7%), Indonesia (10.7%), South Korea (5.4%) and India (3.5%). Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.2% of the population. 25.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included
Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...
(14.6%), Thai (13.0%),
Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesia ...
(9.1%), Korean (5.0%) and Cantonese (4.2%). The most common ancestries in the CBD were Chinese (24.6%), Thai (11.3%), English (9.3%), Indonesian (5.1%) and Korean (4.9%). The most common responses for religion in Sydney CBD were No Religion (31.7%), Buddhism (21.7%), Not stated (15.8%), Catholic (12.6%) and
Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...
(3.3%). 18.2% were couple families with children, 65.6% were couple families without children and 8.5% were one parent families. 33.4% were married. 0.2% were separate houses, 0.0% were semi-detached, row or terrace houses, townhouses etc., 98.9% were flat or apartments and 0.6% were other dwellings. 15.7% of the homes were owned outright, 13.4% were owned with a mortgage and 65.7% were rented. 49.3% were family households, 31.8% were single person households and 18.9% were group households.


See also

* List of tallest buildings in Sydney *
Geography of Sydney The geography of Sydney is characterised by its coastal location on a basin bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north and the Woronora Plateau to the south. Sydney lies on a su ...
*
List of suburbs in Sydney This is a complete listing of the suburbs and localities in the greater Sydney area in alphabetical order. Sydney has about 30 local government areas, each consisting of several suburbs. Suburbs in Australia are purely geographical, not politi ...
* ''''


References


External links

* {{Sydney central business district historical attractions, state=collapsed Regions of Sydney Economy of Sydney