Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU or simply ''Seongdae'',

Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The ...

: 성균관대학교;

Hanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, ...

: 成均館大學校) is a private comprehensive

research university A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are the most important sites at which knowledge production occurs, along with "intergenerational kno ...

in South Korea. The institution traces its origins to the historic Sungkyunkwan, founded in 1398 and located in central

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...

.
SKKU Official Brochure 2013 As the foremost educational institution of the Joseon, Joseon Dynasty, it was governed by the great code of the state administration
Gyeongguk Daejeon, the great code with royal assent.
Sungkyunkwan in the code of Gyeongguk Daejeon It was restructured as a comprehensive university in the late 19th century, and has since greatly expanded its course offerings. The university spends heavily on

research and development Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existi ...

, mostly sponsored by

Samsung The Samsung Group (or simply Samsung) ( ko, 삼성 ) is a South Korean multinational manufacturing conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It comprises numerous affiliated businesses, most of them united under the ...

Hyundai Hyundai is a South Korean industrial conglomerate ("chaebol"), which was restructured into the following groups: * Hyundai Group, parts of the former conglomerate which have not been divested ** Hyundai Mobis, Korean car parts company ** Hyundai As ...

, and government agencies, producing high-end research scientists including chemical engineering professor Park Nam-Gyu, who was named a

Clarivate Citation Laureate Clarivate Citation Laureates formerly Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates is a list of candidates considered likely to win the Nobel Prize in their respective field. The candidates are so named based on the citation impact of their published resear ...

in 2017 by Clarivate Analytics, and physics professor Lee Young-hee, director of the Center for Integrated

Nanostructure A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures. Nanostructural detail is microstructure at nanoscale. In describing nanostructures, it is necessary to differentiate between the number of di ...

Physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which rel ...

in the Institute for Basic Science. Both scientists frequently appear in ''

Nature Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans ar ...

''.

Location

The university's Humanities and Social Sciences Campus, also housing arts departments, is in central Seoul on the same hill as Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung (two of the royal palaces of Joseon). It is near

Hyehwa-dong Hyehwa-dong is a '' dong'' (neighborhood) of Jongno-gu in Seoul, South Korea. It is adjacent to the Seoul National University Hospital. Attractions * PMC Daehangno Jayu Theater - musical ''Polaroid'' were played from 3 to 24 August 2008, starrin ...

and

Daehangno Daehangno (Hangul:대학로 Hanja:, lit. "college street") is a neighborhood in Seoul north of the Han River within Jongno-gu and Seodaemun-gu. Formerly known as Sunggyobang (Hangul:숭교방 Hanja:), meaning "high respect for teaching", its c ...

. The nearest subway station is Hyehwa Station on

Seoul Subway Line 4 Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 4 (dubbed ''The Blue Line'') of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a long line crossing from the southwest to the northeast across the Seoul National Capital Area. The central section in Seoul City is operated by ...

. The Natural Sciences Campus, housing natural science, engineering, medicine, and sports departments, is within walking distance of

Sungkyunkwan University Station Sungkyunkwan University Station (Station P153) is a ground-level metro station on line 1 of the Seoul Subway in Yuljeon Dong, Jangan Gu, Suwon, South Korea. The station's sole exit offers access to Sungkyunkwan University and Dongnam Health C ...

in the northwest of

Suwon Suwon (, ) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as "The City of Filial Piety". With a populati ...

. The 101-hectare campus, 45 km south of Seoul, was established in 1978.

History

Sungkyunkwan was established in 1398 as the

Joseon Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and ...

Dynasty's highest educational institution. Its name means, "Sung (成, to make), Kyun (均, harmonious society), Kwan (館, institute)." It focused on an in-depth study of the

Chinese Classics Chinese classic texts or canonical texts () or simply dianji (典籍) refers to the Chinese texts which originated before the imperial unification by the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, particularly the "Four Books and Five Classics" of the Neo-Confucian ...

, Confucian canon, and literature of the era, and how to apply the knowledge to governing the nation and understanding the nature of humanity. It also served as a shrine (see Munmyo) to the Confucian sages where rituals were held regularly to honor them and their teachings. It was located within the

city walls A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications with towers, bastions and gates ...

of Hanseong (modern-day Seoul), the capital during the Joseon period. It followed the example of the

Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unifica ...

-period Gukjagam, which in its latter years was also known by the name "Sungkyunkwan". Numerous Korean historical figures, including

Yi Hwang Yi Hwang (January 3, 1502– January 3, 1571) was the most important Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon Dynasty. He was a figure of the Neo-Confucian literati, established the Yeongnam School and set up the Dosan S ...

and

Yi I Yi Yi (; December 26, 1536 – February 27, 1584) was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon Dynasty. Yi I is often referred to by his pen name Yulgok ("Chestnut valley"). He was also a politicianhanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, ...

calligraphy were created and archived by Sungkyunkwan scholars over the centuries.

Ancient University Period (1398-1894)

The history of Sungkyunkwan University can be divided into the ancient university period, the modern university period, and the contemporary university period. The ancient university period was from 1398 to 1894. During this period, traditional

Korean Confucianism Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism that emerged and developed in Korea. One of the most substantial influences in Korean intellectual history was the introduction of Confucian thought as part of the cultural influence from China. ...

education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. ...

was practiced, and institutional operation was also ancient. The ancient university period can be divided into three periods as follows. The first period is the period of establishment, from 1398 to 1494, that is, from the establishment of Sungkyunkwan during the reign of King

Taejo of Joseon Taejo of Joseon (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), born Yi Seong-gye (), was the founder and first ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After ascending to the throne, he changed his name to Yi Dan (), and reigned from 1392 to 1398. He was ...

to the time of King Seongjong of Joseon. During this period, buildings were constructed, systems were established, and operating policies were established, and the system of the top national university was completed. The second period is the period of recession, from 1495 to 1724, that is, from Yeonsan-gun to Gyeongjong. During this period, due to the tyranny of

Yeonsangun of Joseon Yeonsangun of Joseon or Prince Yeonsan of Joseon (23 November 1476 – 20 November 1506), personal name Yi Yung ( Korean: 이융; Hanja: 李㦕), was the tenth ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. Often considered the worst tyrant in Joseon's ...

, it was reduced to a place where Seongkyunkwan held a feast. It was only restored to its original state after King Jungjong of Joseon's accession. Also, during the reign of King

Seonjo of Joseon Seonjo of Joseon (26 November 1552 – 16 March 1608) was the fourteenth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea from 1567 to 1608. He was known for encouraging Confucianism and renovating state affairs at the beginning of his reign. However, politi ...

, Seongkyunkwan was burnt down during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), and it was rebuilt. The third period is the period of revival, from 1725 to 1894, that is, from the reign of Yeongjo of Joseon to the time of

Gabo Reform The Gabo Reform, also known as the Kabo Reform, describes a series of sweeping reforms suggested to the government of Korea, beginning in 1894 and ending in 1896 during the reign of Gojong of Korea in response to the Donghak Peasant Revolution. ...

. During this period, the education of Sungkyunkwan became lively amid the political and academic revival, and the theory of reformation of the education system was actively developed by

Silhak Silhak was a Korean Confucian social reform movement in late Joseon Dynasty. ''Sil'' means "actual" or "practical", and ''hak'' means "studies" or "learning". It developed in response to the increasingly metaphysical nature of Neo-Confucianism ...

scholars.

Modern university period (1895~1945)

The modern university period can also be roughly divided into three periods. The first period was the Enlightenment period from 1895 to 1910, that is, from the time Sungkyunkwan was founded as a modern university to Japanese annexation of Korea. In 1895, a three-year department of Chinese Classics (Korean: 경학과; Hanja: 經學科; RR:gyeonghakkwa) was established in Sungkyunkwan by the

Command paper A command paper is a document issued by the Government of the United Kingdom, UK Government and presented to Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament. White papers, green papers, treaty, treaties, government responses, draft bills, reports fr ...

, and various courses such as

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, a ...

, and mathematics were opened. At the same time, the professor appointment system, admission examination system, and graduation examination system were implemented, a semester system was introduced, and modern institutional reforms were carried out, such as setting the number of teaching days per year and the number of lecture hours per week. As a result, Sungkyunkwan was transformed from an ancient university to a modern university. The second period, the period of ordeal, is

Korea under Japanese rule Between 1910 and 1945, Korea was ruled as a part of the Empire of Japan. Joseon Korea had come into the Japanese sphere of influence with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876; a complex coalition of the Meiji government, military, and business o ...

. Sungkyunkwan lost its educational function as the highest school in

Contemporary University Period (1945~Present)

The period of development, the third period of the modern university period, means the contemporary university period. In 1945, the Japanese Empire was defeated. In November of the same year,

Kim Chang-sook Kim or KIM may refer to: Names * Kim (given name) * Kim (surname) ** Kim (Korean surname) *** Kim family (disambiguation), several dynasties **** Kim family (North Korea), the rulers of North Korea since Kim Il-sung in 1948 ** Kim, Vietnamese ...

led the Sungkyunkwan University preparatory association. Sungkyunkwan University was established by collecting some of the property of the Hyanggyo and collecting donations from Confucian scholars. After the

Korean War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Korean War , partof = the Cold War and the Korean conflict , image = Korean War Montage 2.png , image_size = 300px , caption = Clockwise from top: ...

, as the nation modernized and underwent social, political, and economic reforms, SKKU played an important role in academic freedom in higher education and also kept traditional ethics and morality alive in Korean society.

Partnership with Samsung

partnered with SKKU in the period of 1965–1977 and renewed the partnership in 1996. The partnership has helped SKKU realize its vision in pursuit of globalization and fostering talented graduates.
Global leading programs with Samsung Through the partnership, SKKU has developed high-quality research infrastructure and achieved excellent human resource management. The partnership also enabled SKKU to develop world-leading academic programs in software development, mobile communications engineering, energy engineering, nanotechnology, business, medicine, and law. Through the

Samsung Global Scholarship Program Samsung Global Scholarship Program (Samsung GSP or GSP) is a talent program of Samsung Electronics (SEC). Focusing on the goal of having talented personnel with strong business skills, leadership potential and career aspirations, SEC recognized the ...

(GSP), each year 15–25 students are selected for

Seoul National University Seoul National University (SNU; ) is a national public research university located in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946, Seoul National University is largely considered the most prestigious university in South Korea; it is one of the thr ...

's engineering program or SKKU's Graduate School of Business (SKK GSB). Selected GSP students currently study for three semesters. Previously, it was four semesters, including a possibility of spending a semester at one of SKK GSB's top partner universities in the United States (

MIT Sloan School of Management The MIT Sloan School of Management (MIT Sloan or Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, a ...

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manha ...

Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Chart ...

Kellogg School of Management The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (also known as Kellogg) is the business school of Northwestern University, a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1908, Kellogg is one of the oldest and most ...

University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...

Ross School of Business The Stephen M. Ross School of Business, also known as Michigan Ross, is the business school of the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Founded in 1924, the school is ranked among the best business schools ...

Dartmouth College Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native ...

Tuck School of Business The Tuck School of Business (also known as Tuck, and formally known as the Amos Tuck School of Administration and Finance) is the graduate business school of Dartmouth College, a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Founded i ...

Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. Campuses Indiana University has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration of IUPUI. * Indiana Univers ...

Kelley School of Business The Kelley School of Business (KSB) is an undergraduate and graduate business school at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana and Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. , approximately 7,500 full-time undergraduate and graduate students are ...

Rankings and reputation

According to the ranking of South Korean universities annually published by national daily newspaper

JoongAng Daily ''Korea JoongAng Daily'' is the English edition of the South Korean national daily newspaper ''JoongAng Ilbo''. The newspaper was first published on October 17, 2000, originally named as ''JoongAng Ilbo English Edition''. It mainly carries news ...

, Sungkyunkwan University is ranked nationally as the second best university in South Korea after

. For several years, U.S. News & World Report ranked Sungkyunkwan University second university in South Korea after SNU. Internationally, SKKU is ranked 88th in the

Quacquarelli Symonds Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) is a British company specialising in the analysis of higher education institutions around the world. The company was founded in 1990 by Nunzio Quacquarelli. History On 5 October 2017, QS Quacquarelli Symonds acquired Ho ...

(QS)

world university rankings College and university rankings order the best institutions in higher education based on factors that vary depending on the ranking. Some rankings evaluate institutions within a single country, while others assess institutions worldwide. Rankings ...

2021. In the

Times Higher Education ''Times Higher Education'' (''THE''), formerly ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'' (''The Thes''), is a British magazine reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education. Ownership TPG Capital acquired TSL Education ...

2019 world university rankings, SKKU is ranked 82nd. In the QS Asia rankings, SKKU is ranked 15th. The reputation of the university stems from SKKU's international engagement including short-term study abroad programs and dual-degree programs, as well as its industrial partnerships, and its graduate reputation as evidenced in the high employment rate of SKKU graduates. In the

Financial Times The ''Financial Times'' (''FT'') is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs. Based in London, England, the paper is owned by a Japanese holding company, Nikke ...

, SKK GSB's MBA is ranked 35th worldwide, seventh in Asia, and first in Korea. SKKU's School of Medicine is affiliated with Samsung Medical Center, the top research hospital in Korea.

Motto

SKKU's motto, "Humanity, Righteousness, Propriety, and Wisdom" (仁, 義, 禮, 智), reflects the basic spirit of

Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...

. These four cardinal virtues express humankind's four inherent elements of spirit, action, conscience, and intellect. Humanity abides in the heart that loves, righteousness abides in the heart that knows right from wrong, propriety abides in the heart that knows forbearance, and wisdom abides in the heart that perceives. Confucian philosophy attests to man's innate goodness, and at the same time recognizes that this quality must nevertheless be awakened and nurtured. These four principles, which comprise SKKU's educational philosophy, are the basis for higher education's goals of the search for truth and the establishment of social justice, which are, in turn, based on humanit

University symbol

The university's symbol—the ginkgo leaf—is derived from the giant Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo trees (

Natural Monument A natural monument is a natural or natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Under World Commission on Protected Areas guidelines, na ...

No. 59) at Myeongnyundang. Both trees are male, and thus do not bear fruit. They are believed to have been planted in 1519 by Yun Tak, a former chief scholar of Sungkyunkwan.

Campuses

Humanities and Social Sciences Campus

The Humanities and Social Sciences Campus is located behind Sungkyunkwan. The campus includes the 600th Anniversary Building, Student Center, Central Library, Faculty Hall, International Hall, Business School, Hoam Hall, Dasan Hall of Economics, Toegye Hall of Humanities, Suseon Hall, Law School and more.

Natural Sciences Campus

Samsung Library

The library is equipped with state-of-the art digital media room where students can have recreational activity like watching movies. The library also offers several CD player stations for amusements, open cafe and sleeping arena where students can take nap if tired.

Learning Factory

SKKU Learning Factory is a student facility at Natural Sciences campus in

where creative ideas can be made into a prototype product using 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC router, and Arduino. It has been established by the Fusion Based Creative Informatics Human Resources Development Team, and it serves as a place where students can realize their ideas and build human connections.

Student housing and dormitories

Sungkyunkwan University offers on-campus dormitories to its students on the campuses which are known as SKKU dorms. Humanities and Social Sciences campus in

offers ten dormitories and housing facilities namely, E-house, G-house, K-house, C-house, I-house, M-house, Crownville A, Crownville C, Victory House, and LWG House whereas, the Natural Sciences Campus in

offers five dormitories namely, In-Gwan, Ui-Gwan, Ye-gwan, Shin-Gwan and Ji-Gwan. Dorm culture of the university is vibrant, owing to frequent recreational events such as free pizza parties, outdoor trips, painting competitions, Yoga classes, and so on, targeting its international students. The dorm entrances are secured with automatic RFID key-tag doors which ensure only the students can have legal entry inside. Routine fire-safety and earthquake-safety simulations in the dorms are performed every semester to ensure the safety of the students.

Rooms

The dormitories house both male and female students but floors are designated for a specific gender. SKKU dorms provide variety of room types depending on the need, fee and academic results. Students can be offered single/two/four person rooms. Apartment-type facilities are also offered where more than four students live in separate rooms in an apartment. All the rooms are equipped with furniture, air-conditioner and free wifi. Special single rooms are reserved for disabled students in Shin-gwan dorm.

Research institutes

Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology

Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) was founded on 1 March 2005 as one of the four core programs of Sungkyunkwan University's VISION2010+ plan to be ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. With financial support from

Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology The Samsung Group (or simply Samsung) ( ko, 삼성 ) is a South Korean Multinational corporation, multinational manufacturing Conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It comprises numerous affi ...

, its goal is to become one of the world's top 5 nanotechnology-related institutes. The current director of SAINT is

Michael Grätzel Michael Grätzel (born 11 May 1944, in Dorfchemnitz, Saxony, Germany) is a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne where he directs the Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces. He pioneered research on energy and electron t ...

N-Center

N-Center is the home of the Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics in the Institute for Basic Science and the Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR). Professor Lee Young-hee, an internationally renowned physicist engaged in nanotechnology research, is the director.

International programs

Sungkyunkwan University has a high number of international students, making up over 10% of the total undergraduate student body. In 2011, the population of international students at SKKU surpassed 1,000. There were over 2,700 international students enrolled at SKKU in 2013, and each year more than 2,000 Korean students from SKKU go abroad. SKKU maintains partnerships with over 653 universities in over 73 countries around the world, and has agreements with 21 overseas institutions to offer dual-degree programs.

Facilities

When Sungkyunkwan University was established in 1946, Jongyeonggak, Bicheondang and Myeongnyundang were used as libraries. After that, a new library was built. A library was opened on the Natural Sciences Campus in 1979, and a Library of Medicine was established in 1998. In 1999, the Law Library was opened. In 2000, Jongyeonggak was newly established. Currently, the Central Library of the Humanities and Social Sciences Campus and the Samsung Library of the Natural Sciences Campus are the core libraries. It has more than 2.15 million books. It has the ninth largest collection of books among university libraries in South Korea. University Area: 3,593,341 m² :Humanities and Social Sciences Campus: 1,394,154 m² / Natural Sciences Campus: 2,199,187 m² :(including Tobong Varsity Teams Training Center: 61,339 m² / Botanical Gardens: 329,222 m² / :Samchuk Seaside Retreat: 2,390 m²) Building Area: 344,510 m² :Humanities and Social Sciences Campus: 141,803 m² :Natural Sciences Campus: 202,707 m²

Sports facilities

Under the College of Sports Science, several student sports clubs at Sungkyunkwan University are active including baseball club, floor ball club, tennis club, basketball club, soccer club, volleyball club, and cricket club. Full-size soccer field, basketball playground and baseball fields are located inside the campus. File:Baseball field at Sungkyunkwan university.jpg, Baseball field File:Basket ball field.jpg, Basketball courts File:Soccer field.jpg, Soccer field File:Volleball playground.jpg, Volleyball playground

Notable alumni

Politics, diplomacy and public service

* Hwang Kyo-ahn (황교안), former

Prime Minister of South Korea The prime minister of the Republic of Korea (PMOTROK or PMOSK; ) is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea who is appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's ap ...

, former Acting President of South Korea * Lee Wan-koo (이완구), former

* Chung Hong-won (정홍원), former

* Lee Young-jin (이영진), Justice of the

Constitutional Court of Korea The Constitutional Court of Korea () is highest constitutional court in judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. Established under Chapter 6 of the Constitution of South Korea, the Court has ultimate jurisdiction over judici ...

* Park Byeong-seug (박병석), Chairman of the

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...

member for

Seo District Seo-gu (), or " Western District," is the name of a ''gu'' in several South Korean cities: * Seo-gu, Busan * Seo-gu, Daegu * Seo-gu, Daejeon * Seo-gu, Gwangju * Seo-gu, Incheon Seo District (Seo-gu) is the largest district in Incheon, South Korea ...

(

Daejeon Daejeon () is South Korea's fifth-largest metropolis, with a population of 1.5 million as of 2019. Located in the central-west region of South Korea alongside forested hills and the Geum River, the city is known both for its technology an ...

) *

Yang Seung-jo Yang Seung-jo (; born 21 March 1959) is a South Korean lawyer and politician. He has served as the governor of South Chungcheong Province since 2018. Early life Yang Seung-jo was born in Cheonan, South Chungcheong Province to a Confucian schola ...

(양승조), Governor of

South Chungcheong Province South Chungcheong Province ( ko, 충청남도, ''Chungcheongnam-do''), also known as Chungnam, is a province of South Korea. South Chungcheong has a population of 2,059,871 (2014) and has a geographic area of 8,204 km2 (3,168 sq mi) located in ...

, former

member for

Cheonan Cheonan (; 천안시, ''Cheonan-si''), also spelled Ch'ŏnan, is a city in South Chungcheong, South Korea. Cheonan has a population of 666,417 (2018), making it the most-populous city or county in South Chungcheong, and the third most-populous ci ...

Ko Chang-soo Ko Chang-soo (born December 5, 1934, in Hungnam) is a Korean poet and diplomat. Chang obtained a Doctor of Letters degree from Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul, Korea. He wrote his dissertation on Buddhist thoughts in T. S. Eliot Thomas ...

(고창수), former

Consul General A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people ...

Seattle Seattle ( ) is a port, seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the county seat, seat of King County, Washington, King County, Washington (state), Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in bo ...

, Washington; former Ambassador to

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the Er ...

and Pakistan *

Lee Jong-seok Lee Jong-seok may refer to: * Lee Jong-seok (politician) (born 1958): former South Korean Minister of Unification * Lee Jong-seok (judge) (born 1961): 8th President of the Constitutional Court of Korea * Lee Jong-suk Lee Jong-suk (, born 1 ...

(이종석), former

Minister of Unification The Ministry of Unification is an executive department of the South Korean government aimed at promoting Korean reunification. It was first established in 1969 as the ''National Unification Board'', under the rule of Park Chung-hee. It gained its ...

* Choung Byoung-gug (정병국), former Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism, member of the

for Yeoju and Yangpyeong County *

Ahn Gyu-back Ahn Gyu-back (; born 29 April 1961) is a South Korean politician in the liberal Minjoo Party of Korea. He has been a member of the National Assembly for Dongdaemun, Seoul, since 2012, and previously served as a party list member from 2008 to 20 ...

(안규백), member of the

for Dongdaemun District (

) *

Park Yong-jin Park Yong-jin (; born 17 April 1971) is a South Korean labor activist and politician in the liberal Minjoo Party of Korea. He was elected member of the National Assembly for Gangbuk, Seoul, in the April 2016 parliamentary elections. Park wa ...

(박용진), member of the

for Gangbuk District (

) *

Choi Gyung-hwan Choi Gyung-hwan (Korean language, Korean: 최경환, born 28 July 1959) is a South Korean activist and politician. He is the National Assembly (South Korea), Member of the National Assembly for Gwangju North District (Gwangju), North 2nd constit ...

(최경환) member of the

for Buk District (

Gwangju Gwangju () is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until the provincial offic ...

)

Sports

* Han Hong-gyu (한홍규), Midfielder for

Chungju Hummel FC Chungju Hummel Football Club was a South Korean professional football club based in Chungju of Chungcheongbuk-do province. The club was based in Icheon from 2006 to 2007, and prior to that in Uijeongbu. Chungju Hummel played in the K League ...

* Jung Kwang-seok (정광석), Retired football player and manager for Yongin City FC *

Kim Deok-il Kim Deok-Il (; born 11 July 1990) is a South Korean footballer who plays as a forward Forward is a relative direction, the opposite of backward. Forward may also refer to: People * Forward (surname) Sports * Forward (association football ...

(김덕일), Forward for

Seongnam FC Seongnam () is the fourth largest city in South Korea's Gyeonggi Province after Suwon and the 10th largest city in the country. Its population is approximately one million. Seongnam is a satellite city of Seoul. It is largely a residential city ...

Kim In-sung Kim In-sung (; Hanja: 金寅成; born 9 September 1989) is a South Korean footballer who currently plays for Pohang Steelers. He graduated from Sungkyunkwan University and formerly played for Russian Premier League side PFC CSKA Moscow. Career ...

(김인성), Midfielder for

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors ( ko, 전북 현대 모터스) is a South Korean professional football club based in Jeonju, North Jeolla Province that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. Playing at the Jeonju World C ...

* Kim Mi-hyun (김미현), Professional golfer * Lee Ho-jin (이호진), Defender * Lee Jong-won (이종원), Midfielder for

* Lee Sang-gi (이상기), Goalkeeper for Suwon FC * Lim Joong-yong (임중용), Retired football player and coach * Mo Chang-min (모창민), Infielder for NC Dinos *

No Jin-hyuk No Jin-hyuk (Hangul: 노진혁, Hanja: 盧珍赫; born July 15, 1989, in Gwangju, South Korea) is a South Korean shortstop for the NC Dinos in the Korea Baseball Organization. He bats left-handed and throws right-handed. Amateur career As a ...

(노진혁), Shortstop for NC Dinos * Yoon Deok-yeo (윤덕여), Retired football player and coach * Kim Byung-hyun (김병현), Former Major League Baseball Pitcher * Jeon Kwang-in (전광인), Men's National Volleyball Player * Seo Jae-duck (서재덕), Men's National Volleyball Player

Entertainment

Bae Yong-joon Bae Yong-joon (; born August 29, 1972) is a South Korean businessman and former actor. He has starred in numerous television dramas, including, notably, ''Winter Sonata'' which became a major part of the Korean Wave. Bae retired from acting af ...

(배용준), Actor and businessman * Carlos Gorito (카를로스 고리토), South Korea-based Brazilian television personality * Cha Eun-woo (차은우), Actor and member of South Korean boy band Astro * Eunseo (은서), Member of South Korean-Chinese girl group

WJSN WJSN (; ), also known as Cosmic Girls, is a South Korean girl group formed by Starship Entertainment. The group debuted on February 25, 2016, with the extended play '' Would You Like?'' and with twelve members: Seola, Xuanyi, Bona, Exy, Soo ...

* Go Ah-sung (고아성), Actress *

Han Soo-yeon Han Soo-yeon ( born April 24, 1983) is a South Korean actress best known for her roles in Korean dramas, '' Pure Love'' (2013) and '' Love in the Moonlight'' (2016). Early life and education Han was born in South Korea, and moved with her moth ...

(한수연), Actress * Heo Young-joo (허영주), Former member of South Korean girl group The SeeYa * Hwang In-sun (황인선), Singer * Hyomin (효민), Actress and member of South Korean girl group T-ara *

Jeon Sung-woo Jeon Seong-woo (born December 30, 1987) is a South Korean actor. Career Jeon debuted as a musical actor at the age of 20 in the musical ''Royal Dream of the Moon'' in which he portrayed the young version of Jeongjo of Joseon. He has since appe ...

(전성우), Actor *

Ji Hyun-woo Ji Hyun-woo (born Joo Hyung-tae on 29 November 1984) is a South Korean actor and musician. He was formerly the lead guitarist for Korean indie rock band and is best known for his leading roles in the cable TV series '' Queen and I'' (2012) an ...

(지현우), Actor * Jo Bo-ah (조보아), Actress * Joo Won (주원), Actor * Jung Hye-sung (정혜성), Actress * Kang Ji-young (강지영), Actress and former member of South Korean girl group KARA *

Kim Dae-myung Kim Dae-myung (born February 16, 1981) is a South Korean actor. He began his acting career in theater, then rose to fame in the television series '' Misaeng: Incomplete Life'' (2014), as well as ''Hospital Playlist ''Hospital Playlist'' () ...

(김대명), Actor * Kim Ga-young (김가영), Actress and former member of South Korean girl group

Stellar Stellar means anything related to one or more stars (''stella''). The term may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Stellar'' (magazine), an Irish lifestyle and fashion magazine * Stellar Loussier, a character from ''Mobile Suit Gun ...

* Kim Hye-soo (김혜수), Actress *

Kim Mu-yeol Kim Mu-yeol (born May 22, 1982) is a South Korean actor. Following a successful career in musical theatre, Kim was first cast in minor parts on film and television. But after getting good reviews in his supporting roles in '' The Scam'' (2009) an ...

(김무열), Actor * Kim Nam-joo (김남주), Member of South Korean girl group

Apink Apink ( ko, 에이핑크, ja, エーピンク) is a South Korean girl group formed by IST Entertainment (formerly Play M Entertainment, A Cube Entertainment, and Plan A Entertainment). The group debuted on April 19, 2011, with the extended pla ...

* Ko Sung-hee (고성희), Actress * Krystal Jung (정수정), Korean-American actress and member of South Korean girl group

f(x) F, or f, is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ef'' (pronounced ), and the plural is ''efs''. Hist ...

* Kwak Jung-wook (곽정욱), Actor * Ku Hye-sun (구혜선), Actress * Lee El (이엘), Actress *

Lee Min-jung Lee Min-jung (; born February 16, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She began her career in Jang Jin's stage plays, and for a few years appeared in supporting roles on film and television. She became known after her appearance in ''Boys Over Flo ...

(이민정), Actress * Lee Si-a (이시아), Actress and former member of South Korean girl group

CHI CHI Chi or CHI may refer to: Greek *Chi (letter), the Greek letter (uppercase Χ, lowercase χ); Chinese * ''Chi'' (length) (尺), a traditional unit of length, about ⅓ meter *Chi (mythology) (螭), a dragon *Chi (surname) (池, pinyin: ''chí'' ...

* Lee Tae-hwan (이태환), Actor and former member of South Korean boy band

5urprise 5urprise (; pronounced surprise), is the first ever South Korean actor group and consists of five actors: Yoo Il, Seo Kang-joon, Gong Myung, Kang Tae-oh and Lee Tae-hwan. History 5urprise was launched by talent agency Fantagio in September 201 ...

* Moon Ga-young (문가영), Actress * Moon Geun-young (문근영), Actress * Moon So-ri (문소리), Actress * Park Chul-soo (박철수), Film director and screenwriter *

Park Joo-mi Park Joo-mi (born October 5, 1972) is a South Korean actress. Career Park made her entertainment debut as an Asiana Airlines model, then began acting in 1991, starring in television dramas such as ''Beautiful Seoul'' (1999) and ''Feels Good'' ...

(박주미), Actress *

Park Se-wan Park Se-wan (born September 24, 1994) is a South Korean actress. Career In 2016, Park made her television acting debut in KBS2's short drama special '' The Red Teacher''. She started gaining more attention in 2017 with her supporting roles in ...

(박세완), Actress * Park Sol-mi (박솔미), Actress *

Park So-hyun Park So-hyun (born February 11, 1971) is a South Korean actress. She has a syndicated talk radio show ''Love Game'', aired via the SBS Power FM since 1999. She also participated in variety show We Got Married. On September 20, 2016, Park So-hy ...

(박소현), Actress * Seo Ji-hye (서지혜), Actress * Seo Shin-ae (서신애), Actress *

Shin Ye-eun Shin Ye-eun (; born January 18, 1998) is a South Korean actress, best known for her role in the web series '' A-Teen'' and its sequel '' A-Teen 2''. She also starred in the television series '' He Is Psychometric'', '' Welcome'', and '' More Th ...

(신예은), Actress * Song Joong-ki (송중기), Actor * Swings (문지훈), Rapper * Uee (유이), Actress and former member of South Korean girl group After School *

Yang Hye-ji Yang Hye-ji (; born 20 January 1996) is South Korean actress. She is best known for her roles in dramas such as '' Live On'', '' Nevertheless'', '' When the Weather Is Fine,'' and ''The Rich Son ''The Rich Son'' () is a South Korean televis ...

(양혜지), Actress

Historical figures

* Yi Gae(1417-1456): Entered in 1436.

Six martyred ministers The six martyred ministers or Sayuksin were six ministers of the Joseon Dynasty who were executed by King Sejo in 1456 for plotting to assassinate him and restore the former king Danjong to the throne. The Six were Seong Sam-mun, Pak Paeng-ny ...

, Compilation of ''

Dongguk Jeongun The ''Dongguk Jeongun'' (''Standard Rhymes of the Eastern States'') is a Korean dictionary of rhymes which sets out a standard practice for pronouncing Chinese characters in Korean. It was compiled between 1446 and 1448 under the instructions of ...

''. File:Hwang Hui.jpg, Hwang Hui(1363-1452): Yeonguijeong in the early

Joseon Dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and ...

. File:學易齋鄭麟趾尊影.jpg, Jeong In-ji(1396-1478): Entered in 1411. Yeonguijeong who contributed to the development of culture and science in the early

. File:东国通鉴.jpg,

Choe Hang (Joseon civil minister) Choe Hang may refer to: * Choe Hang (military official) * Choe Hang (Goryeo civil minister) * Choe Hang (Joseon civil minister) {{Disambiguation ...

(1409-1474): Entered in 1434. Compilation of '' Gyeongguk daejeon''. File:Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.png, Munjong of Joseon(1414-1452): Entered in 1421. The first Crown Prince to enter Sungkyunkwan. File:Shin Suk-ju.jpg, Shin Suk-ju(1417-1475): Entered in 1438. A politician and diplomat of the early

. File:세조 어진 초본.jpg,

Sejo of Joseon Sejo of Joseon (2 November 1417 – 23 September 1468), personal name Yi Yu ( Korean: 이유; Hanja: 李瑈), sometimes known as Grand Prince Suyang ( Korean: 수양대군; Hanja: 首陽大君), was the seventh ruler of the Joseon dynasty of ...

(1417-1468): Entered in 1430. The seventh king of the

. File:Yerim Yukdeoksa 2.jpg,

Gim Jongjik Gim Jongjik (Hangul:김종직, 1431–1492), often known by his pen name Jeompiljae(점필재), was a leading Korean Neo-Confucian scholar in the early Joseon Dynasty. He was born in Miryang in Gyeongsang province, to a yangban family of the Seo ...

(1431-1492): Entered in 1453. Compilation of '' Donggukyeojiseungram''. File:Cho Kwang-jo in 1750.jpg, Jo Gwang-jo(1482-1519): Entered in 1510. Munmyo Baehyang (Korean: 문묘배향; Hanja: 文廟配享). Hyangyak was promoted throughout the country. File:Statue of Yi Hwang.jpg,

(1501–1570): Entered in 1523. Wrote ''The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning'' (hangul: 성학십도, hanja: 聖學十圖). The philosophers who completed the framework of Neo-Confucian moral philosophy. File:Portrait of Seosan Daesa-Cheonghodang.jpg,

Hyujeong Hyujeong (, 1520-1604), also called Seosan Daesa (서산대사, 西山大師) was a Korean Seon master. As was common for monks in this time, he travelled from place to place, living in a succession of monasteries. Buddhist monks had been forced to ...

(1520-1604): Entered in 1537. He served as a warrior monk during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598). File:Sitting Yi I.jpg,

Yi I Yi Yi (; December 26, 1536 – February 27, 1584) was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon Dynasty. Yi I is often referred to by his pen name Yulgok ("Chestnut valley"). He was also a politicianMunmyo Baehyang (Korean: 문묘배향; Hanja: 文廟配享). Wrote ''The Essentials of the Studies of the Sages'' (hangul: 성학집요, hanja: 聖學輯要). philosopher who elevated the Chosun dynasty's Neo-Confucianism to another level of sophistication. File:Chingbirok.jpg, Ryu Seong-ryong(1542-1607): Entered in 1565. Yeonguijeong during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598). Wrote the '' Jingbirok''. File:Korea-Portrait of Kim Jangsaeng.jpg,

Kim Jang-saeng Kim Jang-saeng (김장생, 金長生) (July 8, 1548 - August 3, 1631) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, educator, and writer of Korea's Joseon period. He was successor to the Neo-Confucian academic tradition of Yulgok Yi I (이이) an ...

(1548-1631): Entered in 1623. Sa-eob of Sungkyunkwan (Korean: 성균관사업; Hanja: 成均館司業), Munmyo Baehyang (Korean: 문묘배향; Hanja: 文廟配享). File:Yun Du-seo.jpg, Yun Seon-do(1587-1671): Entered in 1612. Wrote the ''Gosan seonsaeng yugo''(Korean: 고산선생유고; Hanja: 孤山先生遺稿). File:Heo Mok.jpg,

Heo Mok Heo Mok (Hangul: 허목, Hanja: 許穆; 10 January 1596 – 2 June 1682) was a Korean calligrapher, painter, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Joseon Dynasty, who came from the Yangcheon Heo clan. He was most commonly known by the ...

(1565-1682): Entered in 1675. Jeju of Sungkyunkwan (Korean: 성균관제주; Hanja: 成均館祭酒) File:Yunhyu.jpg,

Yun Hyu Yun Hyu (Hangul: 윤휴, Hanja: 尹鑴; 1617 – 1680) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar and official, who lived during the Joseon Dynasty. Yun was the political leader of the Southern (''Namin'') faction of the Joseon Dynasty. His pen nam ...

(1617-1680): Entered in 1675. Sa-eob of Sungkyunkwan (Korean: 성균관사업; Hanja: 成均館司業), Criticized the doctrine of

Zhu Xi Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...

. File:Korea-Portrait of Kwon Sangha-Joseon.jpg, Gwon Sang-ha(1641-1721): Entered in 1660. Criticized the Theory of human and animal nature are the same (Korean: 인물성동론; Hanja: 人物性同論; RR: Inmulseongdonglon) File:Portrait of Park Munsu.jpg,

Bak Mun-su Park Mun-su (; 28 October 1691 – 22 May 1756), also known as Bak Munsu, was a Korean government official in the period of King Yeongjo in the Joseon dynasty. He was famous for his lifetime spent protecting the Korean people from corrupt royal ...

(1691-1756): Jeonjeog of Sungkyunkwan (Korean: 성균관전적; Hanja: 成均館典籍), Worked as a Secret royal inspector. File:Portrait of King Yeongjo - Chae Yong Shin (蔡龍臣 1850-1941) Cho Seok-jin (趙錫晉 1853-1920) et (cropped).jpg, Yeongjo of Joseon(1694-1776): Entered in 1722. Implemented the Policy of Impartiality (Korean: 탕평책; Hanja: 蕩平策; RR; tangpyeongchaek), the Equalized Tax Law (Korean: 균역법; Hanja: 均役法; RR: gyunyeokbeop) File:2009-01-24 - Portrait of King Jeongjo in Unhangak.JPG,

Jeongjo of Joseon Jeongjo of Joseon (28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800), personal name Yi San (Korean: 이산; Hanja: 李祘), sometimes called Jeongjo the Great (Korean: 정조대왕; Hanja: 正祖大王), was the 22nd monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. ...

(1752-1800): Entered in 1761. Founded Kyujanggak. File:Jeong Yak-yong.jpg,

Jeong Yak-yong Jeong Yak-yong (August 5, 1762 – April 7, 1836) or Chong Yagyong, often simply known as ‘Dasan’ (茶山, one of his ‘ho’ / pen-names meaning ‘the mountain of tea’), was a Korean agronomist, philosopher, and poet. He was one of the ...

(1762-1836): Entered in 1783. The famous scholar of the

movement (Korean: 실학; Hanja: 實學). Written over 500 books, including Mongmin Simseo (Korean: 목민심서; Hanja: 牧民心書), Gyeongse yupyo (Korean: 경세유표; Hanja: 經世遺表). File:Park Kyu-su.jpg,

Bak Gyusu Bak Gyusu ( ko, 박규수, 朴珪壽; 1807–1877) was a scholar-bureaucrat, teacher, politician, and a diplomat of the Joseon Dynasty. He was known as a pioneer of the enlightenment group. Bak Gyusu was the grandson of Park Ji-won, the great ...

(1807-1877): Entered in 1827. A pioneer of the enlightenment group. File:Portraits for Choe Ik-Hyeon by Chae Yong-sin.jpg, Choe Ik-hyeon(1833-1906): Entered in 1854. Uijong Cheoksa Activities, Righteous Army Activities in 1895, 1905. File:Gim Okgyun.png, Kim Ok-gyun(1851-1894): Entered in 1872. Main member of Gapsin Coup. File:박은식.JPG, Park Eun-sik(1859-1925): Lecturer in 1900. Wrote the ''Painful History of Korea'' (Korean: 한국통사; Hanja: 韓國痛史; RR: Hanguk tongsa). File:Yi Dong-nyung.jpg, Yi Dong-nyeong(1869-1940): Entered in 1892. A

Korean independence activist The Korean independence movement was a military and diplomatic campaign to achieve the independence of Korea from Japan. After the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910, Korea's domestic resistance peaked in the March 1st Movement of 1919, which w ...

. President of the

Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea The Korean Provisional Government (KPG), formally the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, was a partially recognized Korean government-in-exile based in Shanghai, China, and later in Chongqing, during the period of Japanese c ...

in exile in

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...

, China. File:단재신채호.jpg, Sin Chaeho(1880-1936): Ph.D. 1905. A

, historian. Wrote the ''Ancient History of Korea'' (Korean: 조선상고사; Hanja: 朝鮮上古史; RR: Chosǒn Sanggo Sa) File:조소앙 얼굴.jpg, Jo So-ang(1887-1959): Entered in 1902. Wrote the ''Daehan Independence Declaration''(Korean: 대한독립선언서; Hanja: 大韓獨立宣言書). Advocated the Three Principles of the Equality.

References

External links

Official site
{{Authority control Educational institutions established in 1946 1946 establishments in Korea Educational institutions established in the 14th century 14th-century establishments in Korea 1398 establishments in Asia Private universities and colleges in South Korea Universities and colleges in Seoul Universities and colleges in Suwon Confucian universities and colleges Jongno District Samsung