Sukarni Kartodiwirjo (14 July 1916 – 7 May 1971) was an Indonesian
freedom fighter
A resistance movement is an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to withstand the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. It may seek to achieve its objectives ...
Murba Party
Murba Party ( id, Partai Murba, Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak, Proletarian Party) was a ' national communist' political party in Indonesia. Feith, Herbert. The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia'. Ithaca ...
until his death.
Biography
Sukarni was born on 14 July 1916 in Sumberdiran, Garum,
Blitar
Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude ...
. The name Sukarni in Javanese means "to pay more attention". He was the fifth child of Dimun Kartodiwirjo, son of Prince
Diponegoro
Prince Diponegoro ( jv, ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawirya ; 11 November 1785 – 8 January 1855), also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. The e ...
's right-hand man Onggomerto, and Supiah, a woman from Kediri. Sukarni's older siblings were Hono, Sukarlim, Sukarmilah, Sukardi, while the younger siblings were Suparti, Endang Sarti, Endi Sukarto, Sukarjo, and an unnamed sibling who died as a child. Sukarni studied at Mardisiswo in Blitar, similar school to
Taman Siswa
''Taman Siswa'' ( en, Garden of Pupils) was a Javanese educational movement and school system
State schools (in England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand) or public schools (Scottish English and North American English) are generally pri ...
that time. Sukarni continued to study at Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS; Dutch school for natives). When Sukarni graduated from HIS and registered for Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO; secondary school), his father died in 1929. After graduating from MULO, Sukarni then continued his study to Kweekschool (teacher school) and Volks Universiteit (People University).
According to Emalia Iragiliati, Sukarni became a follower of
Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Sukarno was the leader of ...
in
Bandung
Bandung ( su, ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, Bandung, ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of West Java. It has a population of 2,452,943 within its city limits according to the official estimates as at mid 2021, making it the fourth most ...
when he was studying journalism, encouraged by Sukarno's elder sister, Wardoyo, in Blitar.
In 1930, Sukarni joined Perhimpunan Pemuda Pelajar Indonesia, which was later renamed to Indonesia Muda, and became the chairman of the Blitar section. He also joined Persatuan Pemuda Rakyat Indonesia (Perpri) section Purworejo. In 1933 he became the chairman of Indonesia Muda section
Purworejo
Purworejo is a regency ( id, kabupaten) in the southern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,034.82 km2 and had a population of 695,427 at the 2010 Census and 769,880 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate ...
. Due to his activities in Indonesia Muda, Sukarni was expelled from MULO but he was allowed to take a special examination so he still graduated. Sukarni once created PPPI's rival, Persatuan Pemuda Kita because the former did not allow youths who had not attended school to join. After creating this, later both groups were merged and became Indonesia Muda. At the Indonesia Muda congress in Surabaya, Sukarni managed to persuade congress participants to approve his idea allowing youths that hadn't attended school to join Indonesia Muda. In 1934, he was appointed as the chairman of Pengurus Besar Indonesia Muda. Sukarni helped Anwari and elder sister of Sukarno, Wardoyo, to establish the
Partindo
The Indonesia Party ( id, Partai Indonesia), better known as Partindo, was a nationalist political party in Indonesia that existed before independence and was revived in 1957 as a leftist party.
Pre-independence party
In 1927, future Indonesian p ...
Blitar chapter and for the first time met
Wikana
Wikana (16 October 1914 – 1966) was an Indonesian minister and independence leader. He was one of the youths who forced Sukarno and Hatta to declare independence immediately after the surrender of the Japanese. He was the first Indonesian Mini ...
, Asmara Hadi, and SK Trimurti. At the end of 1935, Sukarni was appointed as chairman of the Perpri
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
section. In 1936, Sukarni translated
Tan Malaka
Tan Malaka (2 June 1897 – 21 February 1949) was an Indonesian teacher, Marxist, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union (Persatuan Perjuangan) and Murba Party, independent guerrilla, Indonesian fighter, and national hero. ''Tempo'' credited him ...
's brochures and pamphlets from
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
to
Indonesian
Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to:
* Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia
** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago
** Indonesian ...
and distributed them. He managed to escape the arrest of Indonesia Muda members in the head office in Jakarta on 19 June 1936. The colonial government searched for Sukarni due to his article in ''Indonesia Muda'' magazine encouraging youths to unite against colonialism.
Sukarni who was pursued by the government then decided to go to Borneo. He said goodbye to his mother in Blitar and entrusted the Indonesia Muda leadership to
Ruslan Abdulgani
Ruslan Abdulgani (November 24, 1914, Surabaya — June 29, 2005, Jakarta, his first name is also spelled Roeslan) was an Indonesian government official and diplomat known for his role as a leader during the Indonesian National Revolution in ...
. Sukarni lived in disguise under the name Maidi Borneo area from 1937 to 1940. He traveled to
, then moved to Murung Pudak working as coolie at Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM). He then moved to Sangasanga and worked as servant at one of BPM official's houses. He subsequently moved to Balikpapan and served as a data recorder in the BPM topography department.
Sukarni eventually was arrested by the colonial government there before the Japanese attacked the Dutch East Indies - sometime in 1940 according to Husein Yusuf, while in disguise as the employee of the department of BPM. He was brought to
Samarinda
Samarinda is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of . Samarinda ranks first on East Kalimantan Human dev ...
before being jailed in
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
, which was chosen over
Boven Digul
Boven Digoel Regency is a regency (''kabupaten'') in the northern part of the Indonesian province of South Papua. It is split off from Merauke Regency (of which it used to be a part) on 12 November 2002. The regency covers an area of , and the tot ...
because Japanese army had attacked the Dutch Indies. Sukarni was then brought to Jakarta via
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...
. Sukarni initially was jailed in
Pasar Baru
Pasar Baru is an administrative village in the Sawah Besar subdistrict (kecamatan) in Central Jakarta of Indonesia. It has postal code of 10710.
Pasar Baru is also the name of a 19th-century market which was established in the neighborhood and ga ...
prison. Sukarni was later released and lived with ''
Antara
Antara is an Indonesian news agency organized as a statutory corporation. It is the country's national news agency, supplying news reports to many domestic media organizations. It is the only organization authorized to distribute news material ...
'' staff.
Sukarni, as well as employees of ''Antara'' such as
Adam Malik
Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 – 5 September 1984), or more commonly referred to simply as Adam Malik, was an Indonesians, Indonesian politician, diplomat, and journalist, who served as the 3rd Vice President of Indonesia from 1978 until ...
, A.M. Sipahutar, Pandu Kartawiguna, and Abdul Hakim, and other activists such as Asmara Hadi, Mulia, Wasdji Kartawiganda, and Wikana were arrested in December 1941 because the Dutch colonial government considered them dangerous. At first they were jailed in Pasar Baru prison. They then moved to
Sukabumi
, nickname = id, Kota Santri en, City of Learners
, image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Sukabumi City.svg
, map_caption = Location within West Java
, mapsize =
, pushpin_map = Ind ...
, then
Garut
Garut is a district and town in West Java of Indonesia, and the former capital of Garut Regency. It is located about 75 km to the southeast of the major city of Bandung.
History
The modern history of Garut started on March 2, 1811 when Balub ...
then Sukabumi again. Before being transferred to
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, they were then moved to
Nusakambangan
Nusa Kambangan (also Nusakambangan, Kambangan island, or Nusa Kambangan Island) island is located in Indonesia, separated by a narrow strait from the south coast of Java; the closest port is Cilacap in Central Java province. It known as the plac ...
on 2 March 1942 and settled there. The transport ship in which they were deported, KPM Tawali, along with other ships docked there then were destroyed by Japanese attacks on 4 and 5 March. On 10th, all of the prisoners were set free including Sukarni, Adam Malik, and Wikana. On 15th, Sukarni and the others traveled to Maos by foot. They then crossed the
Serayu River
The Serayu River is a river in Central Java, Indonesia, about 300 km southeast of the capital Jakarta.
Hydrology
The river spanned from northeast to southwest with length around 181 km, and crossring five ''kabupaten'' (regency) in Central ...
then walked again to Jeruklegi. There they went to Jakarta using train from
Bandung
Bandung ( su, ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, Bandung, ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of West Java. It has a population of 2,452,943 within its city limits according to the official estimates as at mid 2021, making it the fourth most ...
. In this train, Sukarni met Nursjiar, his future wife.
In Jakarta, Sukarni worked for several news agencies such as ''Antara'', which was later replaced by
Dōmei Tsushin
was the official news agency of the Empire of Japan.
History and development
Dōmei was the end result of years of efforts by Japanese journalists and business leaders to create a national news agency in Japan that could compete with (and if nec ...
and ''Sendenbu'' (the
Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
The Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. It was one of the most crucial and important periods in modern Indonesian history.
In May ...
's propaganda department). During this time, according to Adam Malik, and according to Emalia Iragiliati that time was 1942, Sukarni married Nursjiar. Sukarni and the other young men worked in ''Sendenbu'' and other Japanese office to infiltrate and find information.
Sukarni persuaded chairman of Perhimpunan Pelajar-Pelajar Indonesia
Chairul Saleh
Chairul Saleh Dt Paduko Rajo (September 13, 1916 – February 8, 1967) was born in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra. He was an Indonesian government minister and vice prime minister during the Sukarno presidency. He was a close confidant of Sukarno, who ...
and chairman of Baperpi Supeno to establish an educational institution for Indonesian young men. At the end of 1942 the Ashrama Angkatan Baru or Ashrama Pemuda at Menteng 31 was founded and aided by ''Sendenbu''. In 1943, the first two were responsible for organizing the institution as chairman and vice chairman respectively helped by A.M. Hanafi as secretary and I. Wiejaja as treasurer.
In this period, Sukarni also had some connection to Tan Malaka who worked at a Japanese factory in Bayah,
Banten
Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java Se ...
, at the time. Sukarni had been visited by Tan Malaka using the alias Husin, which Sukarni did not know. They discussed politics for a day before Husin visited other activists such as Chairul Saleh and
Tjokroaminoto
Raden Mas Hadji Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto (16 August 1882 – 17 December 1934), better known in Indonesia as H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto, was an Indonesian nationalist. He became one of the leaders of the Islamic Trade Union ( id, Syarekat Dagang Islam) ...
, who Husin had not met, and
Achmad Subardjo
Achmad Soebardjo Djojoadisoerjo (23 March 1896 – 15 December 1978) was a diplomat, one of Indonesia's founding fathers, and an Indonesian national hero. He was the first Foreign Minister of Indonesia. In 1933, he received the degree '' Meester ...
.
Sukarni became a father in 1943 after Nursjiar gave birth Luhantara, their first son. A year later, they had another son, Kumalakanta.
Sukarni took part in the Kongres Pemuda meeting held between 16 and 18 May 1945 in
Villa Isola
Villa Isola (now Bumi Siliwangi) is an art-deco building in the northern part of Bandung, the capital of West Java province of Indonesia. Overlooking the valley with the view of the city, Villa Isola was completed in 1933 by the Dutch architect W ...
, Bandung. The desire of the young men for
Indonesian independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ( id, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of t ...
increased after the meeting, especially in Java. In that year, Sukarni was also the chairman of the Committee van Actie Menteng 31.
On 3 June 1945, Sukarni and 32 other young men held a meeting at Gedung Gambir Selatan. The result of the meeting was the appointment of 10 committee members led by B.M. Diah and Sukarni, Sudiro, Sjarif Thajeb, Harsono Tjokroaminoto, Wikana, Chairul Saleh, Gultom, Supeno, and Asmara Hadi, who were responsible for discussing the formation of Gerakan Angkatan Baru Indonesia which was founded on 15 June.
Sometimes in
Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence
The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence ( id, Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia), PPKI, ja, 独立準備委員会, Dokuritsu Junbi Iinkai, lead=yes) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of auth ...
(PPKI) meetings, the youth had some problem with the older generation. Sukarni and Chairul Saleh were transferred due to this.
Ashrama 31 was then dissolved on 15 August 1945 immediately after the Japanese army. The activists from various youth groups then formed the Committee van Actie headed by Sukarni, Chairul Saleh and Wikana as vice-chairmen, and Adam Malik, Pandu Kartawiguna, Maruto Nitimihardjo, Djohar Nur, Darwis, A.M. Hanafi, and Armunanto as members.
At Sukarno's house on the night of 15 August, young men urged him to declare the independence of Indonesia. According to Sukarno in his autobiography, Sukarni was there urging him, but according to Sukarni, that time he was at Cikini 71 waiting the result of the discussion. The young men didn't want the independence as a present from Japanese. During the wait, Sukarni, dr Muwardi, Dr. Sutjipto, Chairul Saleh, Wikana, Jusuf Kunto, and the others planned the abduction of Sukarno- Hatta. Sukarni talked to Sukarno supporting the other young men's argument to declare independence when they began the abduction at dawn on the 16th.
Sukarni, Singgih, Muwardi, and Jusuf Kunto took Sukarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok while Wikana and Chairul Saleh waited in Jakarta. Latief Hendradiningrat from
Pembela Tanah Air
''Pembela Tanah Air'' (abbreviated PETA; ) or was an Indonesian volunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in Indonesia by the occupying Japanese. The Japanese intended PETA to assist their forces in opposing a possible invasion by the Allies ...
(PETA) borrowed the youths' military uniforms and pistols to fool Japanese soldiers. Sukarni and Kunto went with Hatta, while Sukarno, his wife
Fatmawati
Fatmawati (5 February 1923 – 14 May 1980) is a National Hero of Indonesia ( id, Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia). As the inaugural First Lady of Indonesia, she was the third wife of the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, and the mother of Indon ...
, and their son Guntur traveled in another car. They arrived in Jakarta in the evening the same day after Achmad Subardjo followed them and managed to persuade the young men to go home.
Sukarno and Hatta were brought to Rear Admiral Maeda's house. Sukarni stated that he already prepared the revolt in several places in Jakarta. Maeda disagreed with the revolt because it was more dangerous than a proclamation. Sukarni, accompanied by
Sayuti Melik
Mohamad Ibnu Sayuti, known as Sayuti Melik (November 22, 1908 – February 27, 1989) was an Indonesian typist. He helped type a copy of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, which Sukarno proclaimed to Indonesia on August 17, 1945. He wa ...
and Maeda's subordinate Nishijima, then informed the people that were ready to cancel the revolt.
Sukarni and the other young men were at the house, now the
Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum
The Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum ( id, Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi) is a history museum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The building is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was formulated.
History
The building
The buildin ...
, during the writing of the proclamation manuscript. Sukarni advised the others to choose only Sukarno and Hatta to sign the declaration instead of all people who were there that time.
After the
Central Indonesian National Committee
The Central Indonesian National Committee, ( id, Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat) or KNIP, was a body appointed to assist the president of the newly independent Indonesia. Originally purely advisory, it later gained assumed legislative functions. ...
(KNIP) was given the authority as the legislative on 17 October, Sukarni demanded the reform of the organization and appointed
Sjahrir
Sutan Sjahrir (5 March 1909 – 9 April 1966) was an Indonesian politician, and revolutionary independence leader, who served as the first Prime Minister of Indonesia, from 1945 until 1947. Previously, he was a key Indonesian nationalist organiz ...
as the chairman instead of Kasman Singodimejo and as the formateur of the KNIP Working Group In November, Sukarni joined the Chairul Saleh-led Badan Kongres Pemuda in Yogyakarta.
In 1946, Sukarni's third child, Parialuti Indarwati, was born. On 31 March 1946, Persatuan Perdjuangan leaders were arrested by government authorities ordered by Sjahrir including Tan Malaka, secretary general Sukarni, and Sayuti Melik. In 1947, Sukarni was imprisoned in Ponorogo prison, Madiun, along with Tan Malaka, Moh. Yamin, and Ahmad Subardjo. Sukarni and Tan Malaka were then transferred to Magelang prison. They were released in September 1948 from the prison.
In November 1948, Sukarni was elected as chairman of
Murba Party
Murba Party ( id, Partai Murba, Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak, Proletarian Party) was a ' national communist' political party in Indonesia. Feith, Herbert. The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia'. Ithaca ...
in the first congress mainly suggested by Tan Malaka. Mainly Sukarni-led Murba opposed the government policies especially Linggarjati, Renville, and KMB, except the
decree
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for ...
reimposing 1945 Constitution.
Sukarni managed to escape from Yogyakarta down the
Code River
Code (; Indonesian: ''Kali Code'') is the name of a river that flows through the city of Yogyakarta on the island of Java, Indonesia.second military aggression was started. Sukarni and the other traveled to
Imogiri
Imogiri (ꦲꦶꦩꦒꦶꦫꦶ in Javanese script or ''Imagiri'' in standard Javanese spelling) is a royal graveyard complex in Yogyakarta, in south-central Java, Indonesia, as well as a subdistrict under the administration of Bantul Regency. Im ...
then Gunungkidul escaping from Dutch army. Outside Yogyakarta, Sukarni helped Lieutenant Colonel
Suharto
Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto ...
carrying out guerrilla attacks. During these time, Sukarni strangely disguised under the name Suharto.
In 1949, Nursjiar gave birth to her fourth child, Goos Murbantoro. In 1952, Sukarni and Husein Yusuf traveled to
Balikpapan
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2 ...
to meet the former old friends during at work at BPM. In 1953, Sukarni's last child, Emalia Iragiliati was born in Yogyakarta.
After the general election in 1955, Sukarni was appointed as a member of legislature.
Sukarni was appointed by Sukarno as ambassador to the
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
mid 1960. The leadership of Murba was passed to Wasid Suwarto. Sukarni then returned in March 1964.
After Indonesian's foreign diplomacy was inclined to
Peking
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
and
communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, Sukarni was arrested on 5 January 1965 charged with sedition and attempting to assassinate Sukarno using the Badan Pendukung Sukarnoisme, while according to Hasyim Darif, Sukarni was arrested because of his action against the
Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. ...
(PKI). According to A. Hamzah Tuppu, Sukarno was provoked by
Aidit
Dipa Nusantara Aidit (born Ahmad Aidit; 30 July 1923 – 22 November 1965) was an Indonesian communist politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) from 1951 until his summary execution during the mass ...
. He was detained in the detention center inAttorney General's office. After the transition to New Order, in 1966 Sukarni was released.
Sukarni became the chairman of Murba after the party had been prohibited during Sukarni's detention. When a rumor spread that Sukarno was about to be brought before a military court, Sukarni asked Hamzah Tuppu personally to prevent it. Sukarni reasoned that if Sukarno was imprisoned, the republic would end because it had no dignity mentioning a detainee every year in the independence celebration.
Sukarni was elected as 4th Chairman of Dewan Harian Nasional of Angkatan '45 after its first congress in April (pp. 258–9, according to Mayjen. M. Jasin) or September 1966 in Gelora Senayan. Sukarni was then involved in Delegasi '45 along with other Angkatan '45 to persuade Sukarno to disband the PKI to avoid civil war.
In 1967, Sukarni became a member of the
Supreme Advisory Council
The Supreme Advisory Council ( id, Dewan Pertimbangan Agung, DPA), is a defunct Council, advisory council for the President of Indonesia. Its function was to give advice on state and foreign affairs.
Background
There was no credible source about ...
.
In 1970, Sukarni and Rasjidi were involved in Musyawarah Besar Angkatan '45 in Berastagi, North Sumatera.
Several times in 1971, Sukarni was admitted to
Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Cipto Mangunkusumo or Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo (4 March 1886 in Pecangakan, Ambarawa, Semarang – 8 March 1943 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia) was a prominent Indonesian independence leader and Sukarno's political mentor. Together with Erne ...
.
Before the 1971 general election, Sukarni persuaded other social and political elements to join Murba. On 5 May 1971, Sukarni requested Darif to write his general election campaign speech when they met in the evening that day. Two days later on the morning of 7 May, Sukarni died in Jakarta. His remains were buried in Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata.
Political views
Sukarni considered the
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence ( id, Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan, BPUPK; ja, 独立準備調査会, Hepburn: , Nihon-shiki / Kunrei-shiki: ), sometimes referred to as the Investigating Co ...
(BPUPK) to be dominated by older Indonesians and the
Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence
The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence ( id, Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia), PPKI, ja, 独立準備委員会, Dokuritsu Junbi Iinkai, lead=yes) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of auth ...
(PPKI) by Japanese military-backed old activists.
According to Hasyim Darif, Sukarni was influenced by Sukarno mainly during the underground activities against the Dutch colonial government and Japanese military government when the two met and discussed politics, but Sukarni was against Sukarno during the National Revolution. Sukarni was also influenced by Tan Malaka during the Dutch and Japanese era through Tan Malaka's writings. Tan Malaka influenced Sukarni both political theory and practices during National Revolution. Both of them opposed the Indonesian government compromising with the Dutch including when concluding the
Linggadjati Agreement
The Linggardjati Agreement (''Linggarjati'' in modern Indonesian spelling) was a political accord concluded on 15 November 1946 by the Dutch administration and the unilaterally declared Republic of Indonesia in the village of Linggarjati, Kuning ...
, the
Renville agreement
The Renville Agreement was a United Nations Security Council-brokered political accord between the Netherlands, which was seeking to re-establish its colony in South East Asia, and Indonesian Republicans seeking for Indonesian independence durin ...
, and the
Round Table Conference
The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–1932 were a series of peace conferences organized by the British Government and Indian political personalities to discuss constitutional reforms in India. These started in November 1930 and ended in Dec ...
. Khalid Rasjidi described Sukarni as "the most loyal and most trusted Tan Malaka's disciple." After Sukarno declared the
Nasakom
Guided Democracy () was the political system in place in Indonesia from 1959 until the New Order began in 1966. It was the brainchild of President Sukarno, and was an attempt to bring about political stability. Sukarno believed that the par ...
philosophy, Sukarni was against PKI political activities.
Moh. Padang stated that "Murba was Sukarni, Sukarni was Murba; without Sukarni Murba didn't exist."
Iragiliati citing Sukarni, said that Indonesian ''murba'' (musyawarah rakyat banyak; deliberation of common people) is different than western version. Indonesian version prioritizes family relationship.
Roeslan Abdulgani described the political view of Sukarni as "radical-revolutionary" while his way of life was "filled with the soul of democracy".
Legacy
Sukarni was posthumously awarded the Bintang Maha Putera IV medal. According to the Emalia Iragiliati, youngest daughter of Sukarni, Sukarni was able to speak Javanese, Indonesian, Dutch, German, and Japanese.
An exhibition about Sukarni and GSSJ Ratulangie was held from 6 until 30 August 2009 in the
Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum
The Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum ( id, Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi) is a history museum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The building is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was formulated.
History
The building
The buildin ...
, Jakarta.
On 7 November 2014, the government of Indonesia made Sukarni a
National Hero
The title of Hero is presented by various governments in recognition of acts of self-sacrifice to the state, and great achievements in combat or labor. It is originally a Soviet-type honor, and is continued by several nations including Belarus, Ru ...
along with
Djamin Ginting
Lieutenant General Djamin Ginting (12 January 1921 – 23 October 1974), was an Indonesian military officer and independence fighter from Tanah Karo. He was appointed a National Hero of Indonesia by President Joko Widodo on 7 November 2014.
E ...