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Defenders Of The Homeland
''Pembela Tanah Air'' (abbreviated PETA; ) or was an Indonesian volunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in Indonesia by the occupying Japanese. The Japanese intended PETA to assist their forces in opposing a possible invasion by the Allies. By the end of the war, there were a total of 69 battalions (''daidan'') in Java (around 37,000 men) and Sumatra (approximately 20,000 men). On 17 August 1945, the day after the Indonesian Declaration of Independence, the Japanese ordered the PETA ''daidan'' to surrender and hand over their weapons, which most of them did. The Indonesian Republic's newly declared President, Sukarno, supported the dissolution rather than turn the organisation into a national army as he feared allegations of collaboration had he allowed a Japanese-created militia to continue to exist.Ricklefs (1981), p. 194Sunhaussen (1982), pp. 2–4Bachtiar(1988), p. 12 During the Indonesian National Revolution, former PETA officers and troops, such as Suharto and Sud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muljadi Djojomartono
Muljadi Djojomartono ( EYD: Mulyadi Joyomartono; 3 May 189823 October 1967) was an Indonesian politician and military officer who served as Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare between 1960–1966 and Minister of Social Affairs between 1957 and 1962 and briefly in 1966. Affiliated with the Islamic organization Muhammadiyah, he had originated in Surakarta and served as a battalion commander in the Defenders of the Homeland organization, which resulted in his participation during the Indonesian National Revolution as an officer in his hometown. He was appointed as a minister by Sukarno despite protestations from his political party and Muhammadiyah, which opposed Muljadi's accommodation of Sukarno's actions. Early life Muljadi was born in Surakarta on 3 May 1898 and received education in Islamic institutions. Career Pre-independence For a time, he worked as an employee of the postal service. Muljadi helped with the 1934 founding of a radio station in Surakarta, the SRI ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holan Iskandar
Holan is a small village in the municipality of Oppdal in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the European route E6 highway and along the river Driva at the northern end of the Drivdalen valley. It is about south of the municipal center of Oppdal (village), Oppdal and about north of the small village of Kongsvoll. References Villages in Trøndelag Oppdal {{Trøndelag-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarwo Edhie Wibowo
Lieutenant General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo (25 July 1925 – 9 November 1989) was an Indonesian military leader and the father of Kristiani Herrawati, the former first lady of Indonesia and the wife of president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and also the father of Chief of Staff Pramono Edhie Wibowo. As an army colonel he played a direct role (with irregular commanders Anwar Congo, Adi Zulkadry, Safit Pardede, Kopkamtib, Pangdam) in directing troops during the Indonesian killings of 1965–66, in which more than half a million Indonesian civilians died. With Suharto's blessing, Wibowo initiated the slaught Later, he served as Chairman of the BP-7 center, as Indonesia's ambassador for South Korea and as governor of the Indonesian Military academy. Early life Sarwo Edhie was born in Purworejo, Central Java to a family of civil servants working for the Dutch Colonial Government. As a child, he learned silat as a form of self-defense. As he grew up, Sarwo Edhie formed an admira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achmad Yani
General Ahmad Yani (19 June 1922 – 1 October 1965) was the Commander of the Indonesian Army, and was killed by members of the 30 September Movement during an attempt to kidnap him from his house. Early life Ahmad Yani was born in Jenar, Purworejo, Dutch East Indies on 19 June 1922 to the Wongsoredjo family, a family that worked at a sugar factory run by a Dutch owner. In 1927, Yani moved with his family to Batavia, where his father now worked for a Dutch General. At Batavia, Yani worked his way through primary and secondary education. In 1940, Yani left high school to undergo compulsory military service in the colonial government's Army of the Dutch East Indies, where he initially trained as a navy seaman. He studied military topography in Malang, East Java, but this education was interrupted by the Japanese invasion in 1942, at which time Yani and his family moved back to Central Java. In 1943, he joined the Japanese-sponsored PETA army, and underwent further training ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bambang Sugeng
Lieutenant General (Ret.) Bambang Soegeng ( EYD: Bambang Sugeng; 31 October 1913 – 22 June 1977) was an Indonesian military officer and diplomat. He was the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army between 1952 and 1955, and was later ambassador to the Holy See, Japan and Brazil. Soegeng originated from Magelang and completed high school education before dropping out. He worked as a civil servant for some time, and joined the PETA military organization during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, rising to become a battalion commander. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence, he organized a unit in the nascent BKR and later rose to the rank of a divisional commander, approving the General Offensive of 1 March 1949. He became the military commander for East Java before becoming Army Chief of Staff in 1952, during a period of tension between the civilian government and the army. He resigned in 1955, and during his ensuing diplomatic career attempted to garner su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gatot Subroto
Gatot Soebroto ( Enhanced Spelling: Gatot Subroto, 10 October 1907 – 11 June 1962) was an Indonesian general who began his military career with the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and rose to be deputy Army chief-of-staff. Early life Soebroto was born in Purwokerto, Central Java. He began his education at a ''Europeesche Lagere School'', an elementary school for the children of Europeans, but was expelled for fighting with the Dutch children.Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) He then moved to a ''Hollandsch-Inlandsche School'' for Indonesians. He did not continue his education after graduating from this elementary school, but instead found a job. However, he was dissatisfied, and decided on a military career.Sudarmanto (1996)Bachtiar (1988) Pre-independence military career In 1923, Gatot enrolled in military school in Magelang. After graduating, he joined the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and rose to the rank of sergeant.Sundhaussen (1982) In 1942, the Japanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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