Steyr-Daimler-Puch () was a large
manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a r ...
conglomerate based in
Steyr,
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
, which was broken up in stages between 1987 and 2001. The component parts and operations continued to exist under separate ownership and new names.
History
![Steyr-Werke 1926](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Steyr-Werke_1926.jpg)
The company, initially known as Josef und Franz Werndl and Company was founded in 1864 as a
rifle
A rifle is a long-barreled firearm designed for accurate shooting, with a barrel that has a helical pattern of grooves ( rifling) cut into the bore wall. In keeping with their focus on accuracy, rifles are typically designed to be held with ...
manufacturer. It grew rapidly during the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, by the end of which it employed 14,000 people. The company began producing
bicycle
A bicycle, also called a pedal cycle, bike or cycle, is a human-powered or motor-powered assisted, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A is called a cyclist, or bicyclist.
Bic ...
s in 1894.
Steyr automobile
Steyr was an Austrian automotive brand, established in 1915 as a branch of the ''Österreichische Waffenfabriks-Gesellschaft'' (ÖWG) weapon manufacturing company. Renamed ''Steyr-Werke AG'' in 1926 and merged with Austro-Daimler and Puch into Stey ...
s were made after 1918. In September 1917 Steyr recruited
Hans Ledwinka
Hans Ledwinka (14 February 1878 – 2 March 1967) was an Austrian automobile designer.
Youth
Ledwinka was born in Klosterneuburg (Lower Austria), near Vienna, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
He started his career as a mechanic, a ...
, now remembered as one of the great automobile engineers of the twentieth century, but then relatively unknown, to the position of "Chefkonstrukteur", to lead the creation of their automobile manufacturing business
The first Steyr car, the six cylinder Type II "12/40" appeared in 1920. It was heavy and well-built, if a little cumbersome. It spawned sports versions with an impressive list of international achievements. The small but luxurious 1.5 L six Type XII of the late twenties won international motor press acclaim.
![SteyrPuch 500 Grill](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/SteyrPuch_500_Grill.JPG)
The company changed its name to Steyr-Werke AG in 1926. In 1934, Steyr merged with
Austro-Daimler
Austro-Daimler was an Austro-Hungarian automaker company, from 1899 until 1934. It was a subsidiary of the German ''Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft'' (DMG) until 1909.
Early history
In 1890, Eduard Bierenz was appointed as Austrian retailer. The ...
-
Puch
Puch () is a manufacturing company located in Graz, Austria. The company was founded in 1899 by the industrialist Johann Puch and produced automobiles, bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles. It was a subsidiary of the large Steyr-Daimler-Puch cong ...
to form Steyr-Daimler-Puch. The range produced in these years mainly consisted of very modern designs, sporting partially or complete
unit construction : ''For the vehicle design where the vehicle's skin is used as a load-bearing element, see Monocoque.''
Unit construction is the design of larger motorcycles where the engine and gearbox components share a single casing. This sometimes includes ...
bodies in streamlined livery, from the one-litre
Steyr 50
The Steyr 50 is a small car released in 1936 by the Austrian automobile manufacturer Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG.
Design
The streamlined body was approved by Director Karl Jenschke to be constructed in 1935, however, in November of that same year Jensc ...
to the 2.3 L
Steyr 220 "six".
During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, when Austria was part of the
Third Reich
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, Steyr-Daimler-Puch's Generaldirektor Georg Meindl became one of the first German industrialists to suggest the use of
slave labour
Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...
from concentration camps to boost manpower at Steyr. The request was approved and prisoners were brought by guarded train from the
Mauthausen-Gusen
Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen (roughly east of Linz), Upper Austria. It was the main camp of a group with nearly 100 further subcamps located throughout Austria and southern Germany ...
camp complex at
Gusen 30 km distant. Later, on 5 January 1942, Meindl wrote a letter to SS Gruppenführer
Ernst Kaltenbrunner recommending a new 'satellite' prison camp be constructed to house prisoners nearer the Steyr factory complex, explaining how this would reduce the time and loss of prisoners in transit to and from work while also reducing security and transport overhead costs.
This was approved and prisoners were used for facilities construction (bomb shelters, etc.), and to supplant manufacturing labor. This practice was not yet common at other larger German companies, though others followed suit including
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquartere ...
and
MAN
A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromo ...
. The vehicle range was for military use, including the Steyr RSO
Raupenschlepper Ost
''Raupenschlepper Ost'' (German: "Caterpillar Tractor East", more commonly abbreviated to RSO) was a fully tracked, lightweight vehicle used by the Wehrmacht in World War II. It was conceived in response to the poor performance of wheeled and h ...
with an air-cooled 3.5 L V8 engine designed by
Ferdinand Porsche
Ferdinand Porsche (3 September 1875 – 30 January 1951) was an Austrian-German automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche AG. He is best known for creating the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner–Porsche), the Volksw ...
, who worked for the company at that time. War-time production there included small arms, assault rifles, machine guns, and aircraft engines.
After the war, Steyr-Daimler-Puch built
diesel
Diesel may refer to:
* Diesel engine, an internal combustion engine where ignition is caused by compression
* Diesel fuel, a liquid fuel used in diesel engines
* Diesel locomotive, a railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engin ...
engined trucks and buses, small and heavy tractors and resumed passenger car production. First, Steyr assembled the
FIAT 1100E, then put their own engine in a
Fiat 1400
The Fiat 1400 and Fiat 1900 are passenger cars produced by Italian automotive manufacturer Fiat from 1950 to 1958 and from 1952 to 1959 respectively. The two models shared body and platform, but while the 1.4-litre 1400 was Fiat's intermediate of ...
, renaming the car the "Steyr 2000". From 1957 through to the early 1970s it produced the tiny
Puch 500
The Puch 500 is a city car produced by the Austrian manufacturer Puch, a subsidiary of Steyr-Daimler-Puch in Graz. It was built under licence from Fiat and was based on the Fiat 500.
The beginning
In 1954 it was decided at Steyr-Puch to resum ...
under license from FIAT, again with an engine of Austrian design.
Most prominent was its range of off-road cars, from the two-cylinder
Haflinger
The Haflinger, also known as the Avelignese, is a breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy (namely Hafling in South Tyrol region) during the late 19th century. Haflinger horses are relatively small, are always chestnut with flaxen ...
and the
4 x 4 or 6 x 6
Pinzgauer, the
Fiat Panda
The Fiat Panda is a city car manufactured and marketed by Fiat since 1980, currently in its third generation.
The first generation Panda (Mk 1: 1980–1986 & Mk2: 1986–2003), introduced in 1980, was a two-box, three-door hatchback designed b ...
4x4 (999 cc) to the
Mercedes-Puch G. SDP was the initial designer and manufacturer of these utility vehicles. The Haflinger was produced from 1959–1974, the Pinzgauer from 1971–2000, and the Puch G (also known as
Mercedes G-Class) from 1979.
The company's
Puch
Puch () is a manufacturing company located in Graz, Austria. The company was founded in 1899 by the industrialist Johann Puch and produced automobiles, bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles. It was a subsidiary of the large Steyr-Daimler-Puch cong ...
division produced a line of
motorcycles
A motorcycle (motorbike, bike, or trike (if three-wheeled)) is a two or three-wheeled motor vehicle steered by a handlebar. Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long-distance travel, commuting, cruising ...
,
moped
A moped ( ) is a type of small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than full motorcycles or automobiles. The term used to mean a similar vehicle except with both bicycle pedals and a motorcycle engine. Mopeds typ ...
s, and motor
scooters marketed in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
through
Sears Roebuck
Sears, Roebuck and Co. ( ), commonly known as Sears, is an American chain of department stores founded in 1892 by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Curtis Roebuck and reincorporated in 1906 by Richard Sears and Julius Rosenwald, with what began a ...
including the
Puch 250 SGS
The Puch 250 SGS (Schwing-Gabel-Sport) is a motorcycle that was manufactured by the Austrian Steyr Daimler Puch AG's Puch division in Thondorf near Graz. The motorcycle is powered by a split-single two-stroke engine (two pistons sharing a single ...
which was delivered in a cardboard crate box to the customer's home. The Austro-Daimler branch built heavy tractors and trucks for the imperial Austrian army (before 1915). The main Steyr civil agricultural tractor production started in 1947.
After the war Steyr-Daimler-Puch resumed manufacturing bicycles and mopeds, gradually establishing distributors in several countries to manage their sales. Steyr made bicycles for sale for other retailers, most notably Sears. In the mid 1970s "Steyr-Daimler-Puch America" was incorporated in Connecticut to manage importation and distribution of bicycles and mopeds. Puch Austro-Daimler bicycles remained in production at Graz in Austria until the motorcycle and bicycle fabrication portions of the company there were sold in the mid 1987 to
Piaggio & C. S.p.A. of Italy.
Gradual dissolution
In 1987, Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG began selling portions of its different production lines to form separate companies, which included Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG ("Steyr Commercial Vehicles", SNF; still based in Steyr) for truck manufacturing, Steyr Bus GmbH (in Vienna) for bus manufacturing,
[Bushell, Chris (ed.). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1989'', p. 494. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): ]Jane's Information Group
Jane's Information Group, now styled Janes, is a global open-source intelligence company specialising in military, national security, aerospace and transport topics, whose name derives from British author Fred T. Jane.
History
Jane's Informat ...
. . Steyr-Daimler-Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG (SFT) and the
EUROSTAR
Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service connecting the United Kingdom with France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Most Eurostar trains travel through the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated sep ...
joint venture in Graz-Liebenau for assembly of automobiles and, in 1990,
Steyr Tractor
Steyr Tractor (properly called Steyr Landmaschinentechnik AG) is an Austrian agricultural machinery manufacturer. The company was founded in 1864 in St. Valentin, Austria, and manufactures tractors .It was part of the Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomer ...
(Steyr Landmaschinentechnik AG).
Other production lines were spun off or sold outright to form independent companies, including Puch's
motorcycle
A motorcycle (motorbike, bike, or trike (if three-wheeled)) is a two or three-wheeled motor vehicle steered by a handlebar. Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long-distance travel, commuting, cruising ...
division going to
Piaggio
Piaggio & C. SpA (Piaggio ) is an Italian motor vehicle manufacturer, which produces a range of two-wheeled motor vehicles and compact commercial vehicles under seven brands: Piaggio, Vespa, Gilera, Aprilia, Moto Guzzi, Derbi, and Scarabeo ...
and
Steyr Mannlicher
Steyr Arms () is a firearms manufacturer based in Sankt Peter in der Au, Austria. Originally part of Steyr-Daimler-Puch, it became independent when the conglomerate was broken up in 1989. Prior to 1 January 2019, the company was named Steyr M ...
producing weapons. In 1990, the
diesel engine
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-call ...
division was spun off into Steyr Motorentechnik GmbH, which in 2001 became an independent company, renaming itself
Steyr Motors GmbH. Steyr Landmaschinentechnik AG (Steyr Tractor) was sold to
Case Corporation
The Case Corporation was a manufacturer of agricultural machinery and construction equipment. Founded, in 1842, by Jerome Increase Case as the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company, it operated under that name for most of a century. For anot ...
in 1996 and renamed Case Steyr Landmaschinentechnik (and is part of
CNH since 1999).
Automobile production remained with Steyr-Daimler-Puch Fahrzeugtechnik (SFT) until
Magna International
Magna International Inc. is a Canadian parts manufacturer for automakers. It is one of the largest companies in Canada and was recognized on the 2020 ''Forbes'' Global 2000. The company is the largest automobile parts manufacturer in North Americ ...
acquired a majority holding in 1998. In 2001–2002 SFT was absorbed fully by Magna, becoming
Magna Steyr
Magna Steyr AG & Co KG is an automobile manufacturer based in Graz, Austria, where its primary manufacturing plant is also located. It is a subsidiary of Canadian-based Magna International and was previously part of the Steyr-Daimler-Puch cong ...
.
In 1998, the production of military vehicles was sold to an Austrian investor company, which named it Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeug GmbH (SSF). In 2003, SSF was sold to the U.S. company
General Dynamics
General Dynamics Corporation (GD) is an American publicly traded, aerospace and defense corporation headquartered in Reston, Virginia. As of 2020, it was the fifth-largest defense contractor in the world by arms sales, and 5th largest in the Uni ...
, a defence-equipment manufacturer and into
General Dynamics Land Systems
General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) is a manufacturer of military vehicles such as tanks and lighter armored fighting vehicles.
History
In February 1982 Chrysler announced the sale of Chrysler Defense, its profitable defense subsidiary, to ...
.
Steyr trucks
Steyr's first truck was the Typ III, presented in 1920. Steyr built traditional bonneted trucks in the post war years. In 1968 the distinctive
cab over
Cab-over, also known as cab over engine (COE), cab forward (U.S.), flat nose (Canada), or forward control (UK), is a body style of truck, bus, or van that has a vertical front, "flat face" or a semi-hood, with the cab of the truck sitting a ...
Steyr 90 series was introduced. This was followed by the 91 and the 92 series, built until
MAN
A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromo ...
took over Steyr's truck production in 1990. A version of the 92 series is still built as the 12M18/12S18 for a number of military users, and was sold by Britain's
ERF as the ES-series.
Some MAN trucks are still available with "Steyr" branding for the Austrian market. The smaller 590/690-series of trucks utilized the cabin of the
Hanomag-Henschel F-series; they were facelifted in 1982 and became the 591/691.
Beginning in 1994, Steyr used MAN's F2000 cab for the NSK series (''Neue Schwere Klasse'', or "new heavy class"), while the light and medium duty trucks were the NLK and NMK (''Neue Leichte Klasse'' and ''Neue Mittlere Klasse''), based on MAN's similarly situated L2000 and M2000 ranges respectively. The NLK ranged from the 6S10 (6.5 tons, 102 PS) to the 11S23 (11 tons, 233 PS). The NMK range was from 12 tonners up to the three-axle 25S26.
These cabins were referred to as "Typ 152" in Steyr's internal parlance.
* Typ XII
* Typ XVII
* Typ 40
* Typ 6x4
*
Noriker
*
Typ 270
*
Typ 260
*
Typ 370
*
Typ 380
*
380-480 series
*
580-586 series
*
680-880 series
*
Typ 680M
* 1968-1979
Steyr 90 series
* 1969-1982
590-690 series
* 1978-199?
Typ 91
* 1982-198?
591-691 series
* 1986-2003
Typ 92
Military vehicles
Historic
*
Steyr 1500A light truck & staff car
*
ADGZ
The Steyr ADGZ was an Austrian-German heavy armored car used during World War II. It was originally designed for the Austrian Army (its designation was "M35 Mittlerer Panzerwagen") from 1934, and delivered in 1935–1937.
History
The Austrian a ...
*
Raupenschlepper Ost
''Raupenschlepper Ost'' (German: "Caterpillar Tractor East", more commonly abbreviated to RSO) was a fully tracked, lightweight vehicle used by the Wehrmacht in World War II. It was conceived in response to the poor performance of wheeled and h ...
tracked prime mover
*
Greif A1
Greif (German for Griffin) may refer to:
* Greif (surname)
* Greif, Inc., a Fortune 1000 company
* Operation Greif, a German infiltration operation using English-speaking troops during the Battle of the Bulge
* Heinkel He 177 Greif, a German heav ...
4KH7FA-SB armoured recovery vehicle
*
SK-105 Kürassier
The SK-105 ''Kürassier'' is an Austrian light tank armed with a rifled 105 mm gun in an oscillating turret. It is estimated that over 700 have been produced.
History
Design and development
The SK-105 was developed by Saurer-Werk (now Ste ...
light tank/tank destroyer
*
Saurer 4K 4FA
The Saurer 4K 4FA is an Austrian armoured personnel carrier with caterpillar tracks. It was later replaced by the Steyr 4K 7FA G 127. It went into production in 1961.
History
In 1956, the contractor Osterreichische Saurer-Werke from Vienna (whic ...
APC
*
Steyr 4K 7FA APC
*
Steyr 1491 Percheron heavy truck - variant built by
UTDC
The Urban Transportation Development Corporation Ltd. (UTDC) was a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario, Canada. It was established in the 1970s as a way to enter what was then expected to be a burgeoning market in advanced l ...
as 24M32 Heavy Logistic Vehicle Wheeled for the
Canadian Army
The Canadian Army (french: Armée canadienne) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also respo ...
*
Pinzgauer
*
Haflinger
The Haflinger, also known as the Avelignese, is a breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy (namely Hafling in South Tyrol region) during the late 19th century. Haflinger horses are relatively small, are always chestnut with flaxen ...
Modern
*
Pandur 6X6 APC
*
Pandur 8X8 APC
The Pandur II is an improved modular all-wheel-drive version of the Pandur I, Pandur 6x6 APC wheeled armoured vehicle. It was developed as a private venture by the Austrian company Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeuge. Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfa ...
*
Steyr 12M18 heavy truck - variant built by
BAE Systems Land & Armaments
BAE Systems Platforms & Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems Inc. and is a large provider of tracked and wheeled armored combat vehicles, naval guns, naval ship repair and modernization, artillery and missile launching systems, a ...
as
Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is a series of military vehicles that are based on a common chassis and vary by payload and mission requirements. The FMTV is derived from the Austrian Steyr 12M18 truck, but substantially m ...
for the
US Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...
*
ASCOD
The ASCOD (Austrian Spanish Cooperation Development) armoured fighting vehicle family is the product of a cooperation agreement between Austrian Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG and Spanish General Dynamics Santa Bárbara Sistemas ( both companies are no ...
AFV
Weapons
Steyr Daimler Puch produced handguns as well, e.g. the
pistols
A pistol is a handgun, more specifically one with the chamber integral to its gun barrel, though in common usage the two terms are often used interchangeably. The English word was introduced in , when early handguns were produced in Europe, ...
Steyr SP (1957) and
Steyr GB
The Steyr GB is a double-action 9×19mm Parabellum caliber, large-framed semi-automatic pistol employing a gas-delayed blowback action. As such the GB abbreviation stand for ''Gasbremse'' (gas brake). It was designed in 1968, intended as a replac ...
(designing began in 1968), the
sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment and optics for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses of the military sniper. The modern sniper rifle is a por ...
Steyr SSG 69 (1969) and the
assault rifle Steyr AUG (1977).
Steyr-Mannlicher
Steyr Arms () is a firearms manufacturer based in Sankt Peter in der Au, Austria. Originally part of Steyr-Daimler-Puch, it became independent when the conglomerate was broken up in 1989. Prior to 1 January 2019, the company was named Steyr Man ...
, founded in 1989, continued the production of handguns until 2019, then the name of the company was changed to
Steyr Arms
Steyr Arms () is a firearms manufacturer based in Sankt Peter in der Au, Austria. Originally part of Steyr-Daimler-Puch, it became independent when the conglomerate was broken up in 1989. Prior to 1 January 2019, the company was named Steyr M ...
.
See also
*
Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark
The Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark (German for ''Aircraft Engine Factory Eastern March'') was a large German aircraft engine supplier during World War II, a part of the Steyr-Daimler-Puch cartel. It specialized in engines for the majority of aeroplan ...
*
Eastbourne Redoubt
Eastbourne Redoubt is a circular coastal defence fort at Eastbourne, East Sussex, on the south coast of England. It was built in 1805 as part of the British anti-invasion preparations during the Napoleonic Wars. The building is now owned by th ...
Museum possesses and displays General
Hans-Jürgen von Arnim
Hans-Jürgen Bernard Theodor von Arnim (; 4 April 1889 – 1 September 1962) was a German general in the Nazi Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several armies. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Early life ...
's
Steyr 1500A Afrika Korps
The Afrika Korps or German Africa Corps (, }; DAK) was the German expeditionary force in Africa during the North African Campaign of World War II. First sent as a holding force to shore up the Italian defense of its African colonies, the ...
Staff Car. It was captured by
the Royal Sussex Regiment
The Royal Sussex Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that was in existence from 1881 to 1966. The regiment was formed in 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot ...
.
*
László Almásy
László Ede Almásy de Zsadány et Törökszentmiklós ( hu, Almásy László Ede; ; 22 August/3 November 1895 – 22 March 1951) was a Hungarian aristocrat, motorist, desert explorer, aviator, Scout-leader and sportsman who served as the ...
used Steyr vehicles to explore the Sahara in the 1920s and 1930s. He is the basis of the lead character in the
English Patient.
References
Further reading
* Ehn, Friedrich F. ''Das große Puch-Buch. Die Zweiräder von 1890 bis 1987'', 8. Auflage, Weishaupt, Gnas 2013, .
* Reprinted by Studienverlag (2014) .
* Pfundner, Martin. ''Austro Daimler und Steyr. Rivalen bis zur Fusion. Die frühen Jahre des Ferdinand Porsche''. Böhlau, Wien 2007. .
* Rudolf, Egon. ''Puch. Eine Entwicklungsgeschichte'', Weishaupt, Gnas 2007, .
* Seper, Hans. ''100 Jahre Steyr-Daimler-Puch A.G.'' 1864–1964. 3. Auflage, Weishaupt, Gnas 2009, (Vorabdruck aus: ''Blätter für Technikgeschichte''. Heft 26).
* Verwüster, Wolfgang J. ''Puch. Mopeds, Roller und Kleinkrafträder'', Weishaupt, Gnas 2012, .
External links
Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeug GmbHwebsite, one of several descendant companies of SDP AG
Pandur II in profile: Steyr's 8x8 digitised warfare platform is gathering speedInternational Defence Review, January 2007
- article about the Austro-Daimler bicycles with the history of the Puch Austro Daimler company, pdf pamphlets, images, etc.
*
{{Authority control
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1864
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 2001
Motor vehicle manufacturers of Austria
Cycle manufacturers of Austria
Motorcycle manufacturers of Austria
Steyr
Defunct bus manufacturers
Companies involved in the Holocaust
Bus manufacturers of Austria
Economy of Upper Austria