Staszica and Paderewskiego streets are located in downtown district, in Bydgoszcz,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

. Many of the buildings along this axis are either registered on the

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, also known as Cuiavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie, or Kujawy-Pomerania Province ( pl, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie ) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divide ...

heritage list, or part of a historical ensemble of

Eclectic Eclectic may refer to: Music * ''Eclectic'' (Eric Johnson and Mike Stern album), 2014 * ''Eclectic'' (Big Country album), 1996 * Eclectic Method, name of an audio-visual remix act * Eclecticism in music, the conscious use of styles alien to th ...

and Art Nouveau architecture in Bydgoszcz.

Location

Streets stretch on a continuous axis, roughly south-north oriented, running parallel to Gdańska and 20 Stycznia 1920 streets on the west. Staszica street, is long, from the crossing with Krasiński Street to the southern tip of Paderewskiego street. Paderewskiego street, long, extends to the north Staszica till reaching the intersection with Chodkiewicza street.

History

On an 1876 map by Paul Berthold Jaekel, the pathway is indicated, without any mention of the name. The first map to reference both streets dates back to 1908, under the following calling: ''Braesicke Straße'' and ''Schiller Straße''. In Bromberg address books, both axis are listed from 1905 onwards. During several decades, Staszica street has been part of a longer path, incorporated to now 3 Maja street: * till 1860s, this longer track was known as ''Grostwo'' (estate), then ''Hempel estate''; * identically, from 1914 to 1926, 3 Maja (then ''Hempel straße'') and Staszica (then ''Braesicke straße'') streets were merged under the calling ''Hempel straße'' and ''Ulica Grodztwo''. Paderewskiego street inception was part of a district developed in two plans, one at the end of the 19th century, another in 1903. The concept of this new area was based on a rectangular grid of streets ( Gdańska,

Adam Mickiewicz Alley Adam Mickiewicz Alley is one of the main streets of downtown district in Bydgoszcz, where several buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List. Location The street links Gdańska Street to Józef Weyssenhoff ...

, Józef Weyssenhoff Square, Niemcewicza and Chodkiewicza), all located within city boundaries. This district was also convenient by the proximity of the newly built facilities (administrative and educational center), main railway station. By 2023, Paderewskiego street will be extended to the north by to join the future ''Music Academy Campus'' which is planned stand on a three-

hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100- metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is ...

plot, between streets Kamienna, Chodkiewicza and Gdańska

Naming

Staszica street was known as ''Braesicke Straße'', from its construction to 1920 and during

German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...

(1939-1945). Mr Braesicke was a mayor of Bromberg from 1890 to 1898. Current name comes from

Stanisław Staszic Stanisław Wawrzyniec Staszic (baptised 6 November 1755 – 20 January 1826) was a leading figure in the Polish Enlightenment: a Catholic priest, philosopher, geologist, writer, poet, translator and statesman. A physiocrat, monist, pan-Slavis ...

(1755-1826), a leading figure of the Polish Enlightenment: a Catholic priest, philosopher, geologist, writer, poet, translator and statesman. Paderewskiego street was called ''Schiller Straße'', from its inception till 1920, and also during German occupation, with reference to German poet Friedrich Schiller. Patron name refers to

Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (; – 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist and composer who became a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the new nation's Prime Minister and foreign minister during which he signed the Treaty of Versaill ...

(1860-1941), a Polish pianist and composer, politician, statesman and spokesman for Polish independence.

Main edifices

Staszica Street

The street, on its first numbers, faces on the east a large green area, ''Lieutenant Leszek Biały'' square. Tenement at Zygmunt Krasiński Street 23, corner with Staszica street 2010, by Budlex

Modern architecture Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that for ...

The plot at then ''Fröhnerstraße 3'' was first owned by Robert Böhme, also landlord of tenement at Nr.21. At the end of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, the area has been left abandoned until a first theatre, ''Paw'', was built. It opened on Sunday 8 November 1929 with an 800-seat capacity. It became cinema ''Appolo'' in 1931. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

, Nazi authorities changed its name to ''Bidegast''. The theatre was renamed ''Polonia'' in 1945: it welcomed movies till March 31, 2003. Once demolished, the place has been housing a new habitation complex, ''Rubinowy Dom'' (Ruby House), since 2010. File:Rubinowydom corner.jpg, Corner view File:Rubinowy dom 1.jpg, View from the square File:Rubinowy-Dom 2.jpg, Facade on Krasińskiego street Tenement at 1 1902-1903

Eclecticism Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories i ...

At its construction, the address was ''Braesicke Straße 2'': house landlord was Albert Sawallich, first

evangelical Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being " born again", in which an individual expe ...

sexton. Stripped from many original details but a facade

cartouche In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an oval with a line at one end tangent to it, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name. The first examples of the cartouche are associated with pharaohs at the end of the Third Dynasty, but the f ...

, the elevation still display two

bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. Types Bay window is a generic term for all protruding window constructions, regardless of whether they are curved or angular, or ...

s, and a series of dormers topped by finials. Access to the building is allowed through two large decorated wooden doors with transom lights. File:Staszica 1 global.jpg, Main elevation on the street File:Staszica 1 (2).jpg, Detail of the cartouche File:Staszica 1 restaurant.jpg, Gate of the restaurant ''Lieutenant Leszek Biały'' square This green area is what is left from the urban plan developed in the 1910s by German architect

Josef Stübben Hermann Josef Stübben (10 February 1845 in Hülchrath – 8 December 1936 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German architect and urban planner, one of the best-known theorists and practitioners in Germany at the end of the 19th century. Stübben stu ...

and called the Sielanka estate ( en, Idyll). At the time this part of the city had not been touched by urban growth, as Gdańska or Dworcowa streets could have been at the end of the 19th century. ''Sielanka'' district never included this square as it was a property of Province of Posen ( ger, Provinz Posen) and not owned by the municipality. After the rebirth of Poland in 1918, the area was declared to be constructed, but no project was ever completed. In the 1960s, a memorial has been built up to celebrate the ''Millennium of the Polish State'' ( pl, Pomnik Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego). Designed by Polish artist Stanislaw Lejkowski, it was unveiled on July 22, 1967. However, the entire scheme was never achieved: the nest in the tripod was supposed to be crowned with the Piast eagle, which was considered by the communist authorities to be too similar to the symbols used during

WWII World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

by the

Polish Armed Forces in the West The Polish Armed Forces in the West () refers to the Polish military formations formed to fight alongside the Western Allies against Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II. Polish forces were also raised within Soviet territories; th ...

. In 2011, the city had even projects to demolish it, but it turned out to be very expensive. The site has been given the name ''Lt. Leszek Biały'' in November 2013. Leszek Biały was a hero of the

Home Army The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) est ...

during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

. His father Ludwik lived at 1 Sielanka Street. Under the code name ''Jakub'', he was arrested in February 1945 by members of soviet controlled Ministry of Public Security and was murdered during interrogations on March 3, 1945. File:Liceum Ogolnoksztalcace nr VI im Jana i Jedrzeja Sniadeckich 1975.jpg, The square and its monument c. 1975 File:Skwer Leszka Białego w Bydgoszczy (3).jpg, The square from the street File:Skwer Leszka Białego w Bydgoszczy (4).jpg, The unachieved monument to the ''Millennium of the Polish State'' File:Staszica square Początkowo projekt zakładał umieszczenie między trzema filarami ,wielkiego orła piastowskiego w gnieździe.jpg, Detail of the crown File:25 listopada 2013 odsłonięto tablica upamiętniająca bydgoskiego bohatera Armii Krajowej ppor. Leszka Białego.jpg, Memorial stone and plaque to Leszek Biały Tenement at 3 1903-1904, by

Fritz Weidner Fritz Weidner (1863–1950) was an important designer and builder in Bromberg (Bydgoszcz, Poland). A vast majority of his works is associated with the city. He is one among many architects and builders who gave a characteristic shape to the town ...

, elements of

Historicism Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying their history, that is, by studying the process by which they came about. The term is widely ...

and Art Nouveau The construction of this tenement, at then ''Braesicke Straße 3'', was funded by Prussian city authorities and dedicated for renting ( ger, Wohnungsverein zu Bromberg). It housed up to 8 families. After 1918, the building kept its role as city rental flats, under Polish direction. Today, it is part of the network of lodgings offered to Music school students in Bydgoszcz, together with neighbouring building at Nr.7 (at the corner with Kołłątaja street). In the backyard is located an auditorium with 100 seats ( pl, Sala Koncertowa). The building displays a symmetric array of

loggia In architecture, a loggia ( , usually , ) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, usually on an upper level, but sometimes on the ground level of a building. The outer wall is open to the elements, usually supported by a series of columns ...

s, on both sides of a slight round

topped with a

wattle and daub Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung a ...

gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...

. There is a wood-and glass gate to the concert hall with a transom light. File:Staszica 3 elevation.jpg, View from the street File:Staszica 3 detail.jpg, Bay window File:Gates at No.3.jpg, Detail of the entry gates (students rooms and concert hall) High School Nr.6, at 4 Registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list Nr.601432, reg. A/989, May 28, 1991Załącznik do uchwały Nr XXXIV/601/13 Sejmiku Województwa Kujawsko-Pomorskiego z dnia 20 maja 2013 r. 1910

style The building houses a Polish high school. The institution is in the vicinity of ''

Pomeranian Philharmonic , native_name_lang = , image = File:Bdg Filharmonia fr 1 07-2013.jpg , image_size = 300px , image_alt = Pomeranian Philharmonic Bydgoszcz , image_caption = Pomeranian Philharmonic in Bydgoszcz , coor ...

building,

Bydgoszcz Music Academy - "Feliks Nowowiejski" , native_name_lang = , image = File:Bdg AkadMuz 5 07-2013.jpg , image_size = 250 , image_alt = Motto of the Academy at the Main building of Bydgoszcz Music Academy, main building entrance , caption = Mott ...

and the Bydgoszcz Music Schools. No far from High School Nr.6 stand St. Vincent de Paul Basilica and '' Cyprian Norwid'' High School Nr.1. The building is registered on the

Heritage List. File:Bdg VI LO 5 5-2015.jpg, Entry gate File:VI LO panorama 3.jpg, View of eastern facades File:VI LO panorama 2.jpg, View from Staszica Street Tenement at 5 1903-1904, by

, elements of

and Art Nouveau Similar to abutting tenements at Nr.3 and 7, Nr.5, at then ''Braesicke Straße 4'', was funded by Prussian city authorities and dedicated for renting ( ger, Wohnungsverein zu Bromberg), housing up to 6 families. After 1918, the building has been managed under Polish direction, under the calling ''Bydgoszcz Housing Cooperative'' ( pl, Bydgoska Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa, BSM). In this building lived one of the first sponsor of the ''BSM'' project, Teofil Gackowski The elevation is distinctive from others in the street by the presence of a triangular

topped by a

tented roof A tented roof (also known as a pavilion roof) is a type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak. W. Dean EastmanHometown Handbook: Architecture./ref> Tented roofs, a hallmark of medieval religious architecture, wer ...

. In addition,

s show a more original adornment, including arched tops. File:Elevations on the street.jpg, Nr.5 elevation from the street File:Facade at No.5.jpg, Detail of the

File:Avant-corps detail.jpg,

Loggia In architecture, a loggia ( , usually , ) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, usually on an upper level, but sometimes on the ground level of a building. The outer wall is open to the elements, usually supported by a series of columns ...

s details Tenement at 7 1903-1904

Initial address was ''Braesicke straße 5'': the tenement was owned by the municipality, under the name ''"City apartment association"'' ( ger, Wohnungsverein Gehörig) After the restoration of

in 1920, it changed to its Polish equivalent structure, pl, Towarzystwo mieszkaniowe. In 1983, it was purchased to the benefit of

to house

music school A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music. Such an institution can also be known as a school of music, music academy, music faculty, college of music, music department (of a larger ins ...

departments and lodgings for students. Today, it is part of the network of Bydgoszcz Academy of Music teaching buildings, all located downtown; the tenement includes as well a dormitory. Together with the building at 4 Szwalbego, they offer 90 beds. The huge building offers sleek facades on both streets. On Kołłątaja street there is a sharp triangular

topped by a high oitched

with a finial, and on Staszica street a slight

avant-corps An ''avant-corps'' ( it, avancorpo or , plural , german: Risalit, pl, ryzalit), a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the ''corps de logis'', often taller than othe ...

topped with curves and simili

pilaster In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wal ...

s. Both sides display a series of shed dormers, as well as entry gates adorned with a large lintel (Staszica street), and lighter one with flower motifs and a woman head (Kołłątaja side). File:Bdg ul Staszica 2 4-2015.jpg, View of the building at 7 Staszica street File:Akademia facade.jpg, Facade on Kołłątaja street File:Akademia kollataj gate.jpg, Gate on Kołłątaja street File:Akademia main Gate.jpg, Gate and facade on Staszica street Ancient shelter for blinds, at 9 Registered on

heritage list, Nr.A/1569, August 26, 2010 1899-1901, by Karl Bergner

& Dutch Mannerism Built at the beginning of the 20th century, the edifice at ''Roonstraße 13/14'' was initially conceived as a refuge for blind children ( ger, Blindenheim). The initiator of the construction was the director of nearby Educational Centre for Blind Children, Anton Wittig. He organized the ''"Society for blind people"'', which, till 1901, collected funds to build a shelter in home Bydgoszcz. The hostel was operational up to 1962, as part of the specialized school. Today the building houses two clinics, ''Śródmieście'' (''Downtown'', 445m²) and ''Akademicka'' (''Academic'', 312m²), and two specialist medical offices for individuals. In 2015, city authorities have put the building on sale, with an estimated price of 3.5 million PLN. The building displays

eclectic Eclectic may refer to: Music * ''Eclectic'' (Eric Johnson and Mike Stern album), 2014 * ''Eclectic'' (Big Country album), 1996 * Eclectic Method, name of an audio-visual remix act * Eclecticism in music, the conscious use of styles alien to th ...

style, with forms referring to Dutch Mannerism. Two other edifices in Bydgoszcz feature such Dutch-mannerist frontages: the former Prussian Eastern Railway Headquarters and the Lloyd palace. Its brick facades are plaster decorated with architectural details. Slight

, ornamented with

bossage Bossage is uncut stone that is laid in place in a building, projecting outward from the building, to later be carved into decorative moldings, capitals, arms, etc. Bossages are also rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond ...

, are crowned with

volute A volute is a spiral, scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite column capitals. Four are normally to be found on an Ion ...

adorned

s and pinnacles. Windows are topped with cornices. Main entrance on Kołłątaja street bears the inscription ''"Blindenheim "'' (''"Home for Blind"''). It is positioned at the centre of the

and includes an ornated portal with doric columns. File:N9 1902.jpg, "Blindenheim" ca 1902 File:Bdg Kollataja przych 1 10-2013.jpg, Current view File:Bdg Blindenheim 2 6-2015.jpg, Main elevation on Kołłątaja street File:Bdg Kollatajaprzych 1 07-2013.jpg, Entrance on Staszica street File:Bdg Blindenheim 3 07-2014.jpg, Detail of the portal on Kołłątaja street File:Bdg Blindenheim 1 07-2014.jpg, Detail of a

Paderewskiego Street

Copernicanum building, at 1 Kopernika Street Registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list Nr.601363, reg.A/784 (May 5, 1992) 1903-1906, by Carl Zaar and Rudolf Vahl

Secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics le ...

Style The building had many owners: initially a Prussian

realschule ''Realschule'' () is a type of secondary school in Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia (''realna gimnazija''), the Austrian Empire, the German Empire, Denmark and Norway (''realskole''), Sweden (''realskola''), ...

, then a city high school for mathematics and natural sciences, it housed a military hospital during

. In 1923, to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the birth of

Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (; pl, Mikołaj Kopernik; gml, Niklas Koppernigk, german: Nikolaus Kopernikus; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated ...

, the then junior high school adopted his name. The University of Casimir the Great has been the current owner of the edifice since 2005. File:Copernicanum panorama.jpg, View of backyard File:Bdg Copernicanum szcz 5 07-2013.jpg, Main portal File:Bdg Copernicanum noc 5 07-2013.jpg, By night Jan Kochanowski Park in Bydgoszcz 1901,by Konrad Neumann The park is located in an area urbanized at the beginning of the 20th century; it covers 3,15 ha. It hosts an outdoor gallery of monuments of composers and virtuoso, as well as the iconic local statue "The Archer". File:Bdg parkKochanowskiego pnr2 10-2013.jpg, Panoramic view File:Park Kochanowskiego - łuczniczka.jpg, The park with the famous "Archer" File:Bdg parkK pomniki 6 10-2015.jpg, View with one composer monument on the foreground Tenement at 1, corner with

1905-1908,Gminna Ewidencja Zabytków Miasta Bydgoszczy. Program Opieki nad Zabytkami miasta Bydgoszczy na lata 2013-2016 by Paul Sellner Art Nouveau Built in the first years of the 20th century on a commission by Wilhelm Knelke, a manufacturer, its first landlord was a rentier, Ferdinand Krauße. In 1908, Mr Friedländer, a banker, purchased the building: his widow lived there till the end of

WWI World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. This corner building displays typical tin roof above each of its

s. The main door features Art Nouveau motifs and patterns. File:Bdg Mickiewicza 8 07-2013.jpg, General view of both frontages File:Paderewskiego 1.jpg, Elevation on Paderewskiego street File:Paderewskiego 1 rog mickiewicza.jpg, Facade on Mickiewicz Alley File:Paderewskiego 1 door.jpg, Art Nouveau style gate Woythaler house, at 2 1910-1912

, elements of Art Nouveau David Woythaler commissioned this villa at the beginning of the 20th century: he was the director of one of the largest manufacturers of snuff tobacco in

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

, located at today's Focha street 18. After the First World War and the re-establishment of

, the villa changed ownership. In 1948, a public kindergarten had been set up here ( pl, Przedszkole nr 22), but moved to Fordon in the

2010s File:2010s collage v21.png, From top left, clockwise: Anti-government protests called the Arab Spring arose in 2010–2011, and as a result, many governments were overthrown, including when Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi was killed; Crimea is ...

. Today, the building houses a private kindergarten. This large villa keeps its original features: a massive

on the left side, with a

terrace Terrace may refer to: Landforms and construction * Fluvial terrace, a natural, flat surface that borders and lies above the floodplain of a stream or river * Terrace, a street suffix * Terrace, the portion of a lot between the public sidewalk an ...

on the top, and a lean tower bordering the right side, crowned by a characteristic

onion dome An onion dome is a dome whose shape resembles an onion. Such domes are often larger in diameter than the tholobate upon which they sit, and their height usually exceeds their width. These bulbous structures taper smoothly to a point. It is a typ ...

and a finial. File:Paderewkiego 2 1913.jpg, House Woythaler ca 1913 File:House at N2.jpg, View of the villa from the Park Tenement at 3 1906, by Wilhelm Knelke Art Nouveau Wilhelm Knelke, director of a limestone factory, was the first landlord of the building, though he never lived there. One of the oldest buildings in the street, the frontage features interesting

ornaments An ornament is something used for decoration. Ornament may also refer to: Decoration *Ornament (art), any purely decorative element in architecture and the decorative arts *Biological ornament, a characteristic of animals that appear to serve on ...

: rosettes in a

frieze In architecture, the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Paterae are also usually used to decorate friezes. Even when neither columns nor ...

crowning the transom light gate, two adorned

s with cartouches and a large

dormer embellished with vegetal Art Nouveau stuccos. The tenement has been renovated in 2017. File:Paderewskiego 3.jpg, Main elevation on the street File:Paderewskiego 3 top.jpg, Adorned

balcony A balcony (from it, balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. Types The traditional Maltese balcony ...

and

File:Paderewskiego 3 door.jpg, Entry gate File:Paderewskiego 3 BW.jpg, Triangular

Max Eichenberg's Villa, at 4 1904, by

Rudolf Kern Rudolf Kern was an important designer and builder in Bydgoszcz, at the end of the Prussian period of the city. Most his works have been realized between 1903 and 1914. His artistic style relates to Art Nouveau and Modernism. Life Rudolf Kern alle ...

Art Nouveau Rudolf Kern designed this villa for Max Eichenberg, a rentier; at the time, the address was ''Schillerstraße 18''. Soon, in 1910, Alfred Hübschmann, a merchant in clothing business, bought the house and lived there until the First World War. The villa, one of the oldest in the street, is iconic of the Art Nouveau architecture in Bydgoszcz. Noticeable are fanciful metal elements, ornaments with the faces of women and fish as well as insects and plants. Also part of the villa are characteristic

s featuring floral ornamentation in the lintels, in cartouches, on

s and at the gate.

Wrought iron Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" ...

motifs are chiseled above the entry. The

is topped by a delicate

turret crowned by a finial. File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 4 2 07-2013.jpg, View of the villa from the street File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 4 1 07-2013.jpg, Detail of the side turret File:Bdg Staszica villa 3 6-2015.jpg,

Ogee An ogee ( ) is the name given to objects, elements, and curves—often seen in architecture and building trades—that have been variously described as serpentine-, extended S-, or sigmoid-shaped. Ogees consist of a "double curve", the combinat ...

wall dormer File:Secesyjne reliefy willi na ul.Paderewskiego 4 w Bydgoszczy.JPG, Art Nouveau motifs Building at 4

, corner with Paderewskiego Street 1906-1908 Art Nouveau This building displays highly decorated balconies and

s. The roof boasts eyelid dormers. File:Kamienica al Mickiewicza.jpg, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Fragment secesyjnej kamienicy na Al.Mickiewicza 4 w Bydgoszczy.JPG, Detail of portal and

File:Secesyjna kamienica na Al.Mickiewicza 4 w Bydgoszczy-wykusz,wieżyczka.JPG, Detail of the

with eyelid dormer Paul Sellner Tenement at 10 1905-1907 Art Nouveau This tenement has been designed and owned by Paul Sellner, an architect who lived in Bromberg's Prussian times. Paul Sellner created representative, metropolitan houses in the style of early

modernism Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

located in today's Bydgoszcz downtown, such as the building at Gdanska street 95. This corner house, one of the oldest in Paderewskiego street, opens a series of frontages characteristic of the elevations on Józef Weyssenhoff Square, with corner

and singular wall dormer. One can notice the adorned portal and its Art Nouveau-designed door. File:Kamienica al Mickiewicza przy Pl Weyssenhoffa.jpg, General view of both frontages File:Paderewskiego 10 door (2).jpg, Main gate Tenement at 11, corner with 10 Zamoyskiego street 1910, by O.M.W. Müller Art Nouveau First landlord was a merchant, Julius Lüdtke. This massive tenement is jammed with Art Nouveau details and motifs, on both facades:

pillar A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...

s on

decorated with

festoon A festoon (from French ''feston'', Italian ''festone'', from a Late Latin ''festo'', originally a festal garland, Latin ''festum'', feast) is a wreath or garland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depict ...

s, an exquisite portal adorned with floral motifs up to the

oeil-de-boeuf An ''oeil-de-boeuf'' (; en, "bull's eye"), also ''œil de bœuf'' and sometimes anglicized as ''ox-eye window'', is a relatively small elliptical or circular window, typically for an upper storey, and sometimes set in a roof slope as a d ...

, a round avant-corps topped with a

near the corner and as much decoration on the other elevation with bay windows and a second ornamented gate. File:Bdg ulPaderewsk&Zamoysk 7 10-2013.jpg, View of both facades File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 11 2 07-2013.jpg,

Avant-corps An ''avant-corps'' ( it, avancorpo or , plural , german: Risalit, pl, ryzalit), a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the ''corps de logis'', often taller than othe ...

and main entry on Paderewskiego street File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 11 1 07-2013.jpg, Details of motifs File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 11 3 07-2013.jpg, Details of the portal on Paderewksiego street File:Paderewskiego 11 zamoyskiego 10 door.jpg, Gate on Zamoyskiego street Tenement at 12 1909-1910, by Emil Dogs

, Art Nouveau Initial owner of this building was Max Reschke, a carpenter master, who never lived in. During

, Antoni Weynerowski, the shoe factory owner, lived there with his family. A few architecture elements are still visible on the well-balanced facade, in particular classical

s below first floor windows. In addition, on the entry portal, two stylized

s support the lintel topped with Art Nouveau motifs and decoration. File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 12 2 07-2013.jpg, Main frontage on the street File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 12 1 07-2013.jpg, Portal at Nr.12 Tenement at 13, corner with 15 Zamoyskiego street 1910-1915, by

Art Nouveau, early

Investor for the project was Emil Heydemann. The first landlord, Ernst Richter, was working as a railway administration secretary. Both elevations of this large building feature architectural elements transitioning to early modernism style: straight vertical lines are predominant and very few details recall the gone Art Nouveau style (e.g. adorned portals of both elevations, an eyelid dormer or

on top of

). The tenement has been refurbished in 2017. File:Paderewskiego 13.jpg, Facade on Paderewskiego street File:Paderewskiego 13 Zamoyskiego.jpg, Frontage on Zamoyskiego street File:Paderewskiego 13 top.jpg, Gable and

File:Paderewskiego 13 door.jpg, Art Nouveau portal and transom light door File:Paderewskiego 13 Zamoyskiego door.jpg, Door on Zamoyskiego street Tenement at 14 1906, by Goltz brothers Late

, elements of

Modernism Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

The building dates from 1906 and is notable because of one of its past tenants, Józef Paderewski. In the 1930s, Józef, brother of the more famous

, lived there. He was then working as a professor at both the ''Female High School of Humanities'' and Bydgoszcz ''Music Conservatoire''. The overall shape mirrors the abutting tenements (Nr.12 and 16). In the one hand, the architectural style leans to modernism, with vertical lines and fewer motifs. There are several adorned

s, pillars on both

s and floral and

curved In mathematics, a curve (also called a curved line in older texts) is an object similar to a line, but that does not have to be straight. Intuitively, a curve may be thought of as the trace left by a moving point. This is the definition that a ...

ornamentation. During the last renovation of the frontage in 2009, a new fence was specially handcrafted by a blacksmith. File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 14 2 07-2013.jpg, Elevation on the street File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 14 1 07-2013.jpg, Detail of a

File:Paderewskiego 14 detail.jpg, Facade ornamentation File:Paderewskiego 14 door (2).jpg, Entry fance and gate Tenement at 16 1909-1910, by Leo Ficht Early

Leo Ficht was also the funder of the construction. Though intensively decorated, the main elevation features early modern elements through various geometric shapes, very few curves and the global trend for displaying vertical stretched lines. Portal motifs, gable details and some floral festoons betray the non-long-ago former eclectic style. File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 16 2 07-2013.jpg, Main elevation from the street File:Paderewskiego 16 door.jpg, Entry portal and gate File:Paderewskiego 16 top.jpg,

Gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...

and

tops Tenement at 18 1911, by Paul Sellner Late

, elements of

Leo Ficht, investor of Nr.16, also funded this tenement. The building has been owned by Ludwig Sibilski, an army tailor. His family kept the ownership till the 1930s. Like many of the neighbouring tenements, the architectural style shifts to modernism, while keeping patches of eclectic details: the entry gate flanked by pillars and topped by a tympanum,

balconies A balcony (from it, balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. Types The traditional Maltese balcony is ...

and

s adorned by

, or symbolic group of motifs between windows. File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 18 2 07-2013.jpg, Main frontage File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 18 1 07-2013.jpg, Ornamented gate and its

pediment Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. Pediments can contain an overdoor and are usually topped by hood moulds. A pedim ...

File:Paderewskiego 18 balconies.jpg, Balconies details File:Paderewskiego 18 detail.jpg, Motifs Tenement at 21 1910, by Emil Heydemann Early

, Art Nouveau elements Located when erected at ''Schillerstraße 43'', the first landlord, Otto Tarnow, a post office secretary, has never inhabited there. The edifice was mainly used for renting purposes, housing up to 29 tenants in the 1930s Slimmer than the surrounding buildings, the edifice would deserve a refurbishment. However, one can still make out last remnants of Art Nouveau influence:

filled with floral or vegetal motifs, a

on top of the

, or the curved wall dormer pierced by an

. File:Paderewskiego 21.jpg, Frontage on the street File:Paderewskiego 21 detail.jpg, Vegetal motif in a cartouche File:Paderewskiego 21 detail 2.jpg, Window with Art Nouveau decoration Tenement at 22, corner with Zamoyskiego street 1912-1914, by Victor Petrikowski Early

Built at the eve of

, the tenement's first keeper was Otto Möller, an assistant in railway construction business, who dwelt there till the 1930s. The edifice is one of the first in the street without any Art Nouveau detail, however tiny it may be. The main facade follows without reservation early modernist style. The ensemble was renovated at the end of 2016. File:Bdg Paderewskiego 20 rog Zamoysk 4-2015.jpg, View from street intersection File:Paderewskiego 22 (2).jpg, Frontage on Paderewskiego File:Paderewskiego 22 zamoyskiego.jpg, Frontage on Zamoyskiego File:Paderewskiego 22 door.jpg, Right side entry gate Tenement at 23, corner with Chodkiewicza street 1913-1915, by

& Art Nouveau The commissioner of this tenement was an investor, Julius Berger, who also funded other buildings in the street. The first landlord was a merchant, Mr Lange, who never lived there. Both facades combine eclectic- neo-classical style (symmetry in the openings, corner

), and Art Nouveau features (vegetal motifs, rosettes, festoons, curved shape decoration inside

s). File:Bdg Paderewskiego23-Zamoyskiego22 1 07-2013.jpg, View of both frontages from the street File:Bdg Paderewskiego23-Zamoyskiego22 2 07-2013.jpg, Elevation on Chodkiewicza street File:Bdg Paderewskiego23-Zamoyskiego22 3 07-2013.jpg, Mask motif in cartouches File:Bdg Paderewskiego23-Zamoyskiego22 5 07-2013.jpg, Vegetal festoons and motifs of the facade Johann Petrikowski's house at 24 1913-1915, by Johann Petrikowski Early

The building's initial address was ''Schillerstraße 6'': the architect was its first landlord and also the project investor. The renovation performed at the end of 2016 emphasizes the balance of the main frontage, underlined by a massive

enhanced by lean ornamental

s and crowned by triangular wall dormer bearing a large glass opening. File:Bdg ulPaderewskiego 22 07-2013.jpg, Main frontage on the street File:Paderewskiego 24 door.jpg, Entry portal and

wrought iron Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" ...

fence

References

External links

Restaurant at Staszica 1

Kindergarten at Paderewskiego 2

Bibliography

* Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (1999). O zalozeniu Sielanki - bydgoskiego miasta ogrodu. Materialy do dziejow kultury i sztuki bydgoszczy T4. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji zabytków Wojewódzkiego osrodja kultury w Bydgoszczy * * Gliwinski, Eugeniusz: Bydgoskie pomniki naszych czasów cz. 1 (1997) & 2 (1998). Kalendarz Bydgoski. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Milosników Miasta Bydgoszczy. {{Bydgoszcz streets and squares Cultural heritage monuments in Bydgoszcz Streets and squares in Bydgoszcz Villas in Bydgoszcz

Location

History

Naming

Main edifices

Staszica Street

Paderewskiego Street

See also

References

External links

Bibliography