Stanhopeinae is a subtribe of plants in the tribe
Cymbidieae
The Cymbidieae is a tribe of plants within the family Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with ...
.
The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than
Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al. in 2000 confirmed ...
. Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of Coeliopsidinae which include ''
Coeliopsis'', ''
Lycomormium'', and ''
Peristeria''. Stanhopeinae and
Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al. in 2000 confirmed ...
are now considered closely related sister subtribes.
Within Stanhopeinae the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morphological traits and molecular analysis.
*''Braemia'' Clade: ''
Braemia
''Braemia vittata'' is a species of orchid and the only species of genus ''Braemia''. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana
Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a co ...
''
*''Gongora'' Clade: ''
Cirrhaea
''Cirrhaea'' is a genus of orchids, comprising 7 recognized species, all endemic to Brazil.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
List of species
# ''Cirrhaea dependens'' (L ...
'' & ''
Gongora
''Gongora'', abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia. They grow acro ...
''
*''Acineta'' Clade: ''
Acineta
''Acineta'', abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' (immobile), referring to the rigid labellum (lip).
These epiphytic orchid ...
'', ''
Lacaena
''Lacaena'' is a genus of orchids native to Central America, Colombia and southern Mexico. At present (June 2014), only two species are recognized:
*''Lacaena bicolor'' Lindl. - Central America, Colombia and southern Mexico
*''Lacaena spectabili ...
'', ''
Lueddemannia'' & ''
Vasqueziella''
*''Polycycnis'' Clade: ''
Kegeliella'', ''
Polycycnis'' & ''
Soterosanthus
''Soterosanthus shepheardii'' is a species of orchid found in Ecuador and Colombia, and the only species of the monotypic genus ''Soterosanthus''. This species segregated from ''Sievekingia'' because of its upright inflorescence. Flowers are some ...
''
*''Stanhopea'' Clade: ''
Coryanthes'', ''
Embreea
''Embreea'' is a genus of orchids native to Colombia and Ecuador. The genus ''Embreea'' is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade. There at present (June 2014) two recognized species:
*'' Embreea herrenhusana'' (Jenny) Jenny (2002) - Ecuador ...
'', ''
Stanhopea
''Stanhopea'' is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is ''Stan.'' The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope (Philip Henry Stanhope) (1781-1855), president ...
'' & ''
Sievekingia
''Sievekingia'' is a genus of orchid, comprising 20 species found in Central and South America, from Nicaragua east to the Guianas and south to Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = ...
''
*''Houlletia'' Clade: ''
Horichia
''Horichia'' is a monotypic genus of orchid in the subtribe ''Stanhopeinae.'' Its only species is ''Horichia dressleri'', which is endemic to Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, Repúblic ...
'', ''
Houlletia
''Houlletia'' is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of ''Houlletia brocklehurstiana'' in 1841. The genu ...
'', ''
Jennyella
''Jennyella'' is a genus of orchids. The description was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in '' Houlletia''. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchid ...
'', ''
Paphinia'', ''
Schlimia
''Schlimia'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Costa Rica and to northern South America.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchid ...
'' & ''
Trevoria
''Trevoria'' is a genus of orchids native to southeastern Central America and northwestern South America. It grows in intermediate temperature and is found from Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Bolivia.
''Trevoria'' was described by FC Lehmann in 18 ...
''
The genus ''
Archivea'' is only known by a watercolor painting by T. Duncanson in the herbarium archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. No pressed specimens or living material is known, so it can not be grouped into a specific clade.
All species in this subtribe are exclusively pollinated by male
euglossine bee
Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamil ...
s, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. One orchid species may attract only one or a few species of bees from dozens of species in the habitat.
[Williams & Whitten 1983]
Genera
*''
Acineta
''Acineta'', abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' (immobile), referring to the rigid labellum (lip).
These epiphytic orchid ...
''
*''
Braemia
''Braemia vittata'' is a species of orchid and the only species of genus ''Braemia''. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana
Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a co ...
''
*''
Cirrhaea
''Cirrhaea'' is a genus of orchids, comprising 7 recognized species, all endemic to Brazil.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
List of species
# ''Cirrhaea dependens'' (L ...
''
*''
Coryanthes''
*''
Embreea
''Embreea'' is a genus of orchids native to Colombia and Ecuador. The genus ''Embreea'' is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade. There at present (June 2014) two recognized species:
*'' Embreea herrenhusana'' (Jenny) Jenny (2002) - Ecuador ...
''
*''
Gongora
''Gongora'', abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia. They grow acro ...
''
*''
Horichia
''Horichia'' is a monotypic genus of orchid in the subtribe ''Stanhopeinae.'' Its only species is ''Horichia dressleri'', which is endemic to Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, Repúblic ...
''
*''
Houlletia
''Houlletia'' is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of ''Houlletia brocklehurstiana'' in 1841. The genu ...
''
*''
Kegeliella''
*''
Lacaena
''Lacaena'' is a genus of orchids native to Central America, Colombia and southern Mexico. At present (June 2014), only two species are recognized:
*''Lacaena bicolor'' Lindl. - Central America, Colombia and southern Mexico
*''Lacaena spectabili ...
''
*''
Lueckelia
''Lueckelia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The only species is ''Lueckelia breviloba'' It is within the Tribe Cymbidieae and Subtribus of Stanhopeinae .
The species is found in Brazil, Bolivia an ...
''
*''
Lueddemannia''
*''
Paphinia''
*''
Polycycnis''
*''
Schlimia
''Schlimia'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Costa Rica and to northern South America.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchid ...
''
*''
Sievekingia
''Sievekingia'' is a genus of orchid, comprising 20 species found in Central and South America, from Nicaragua east to the Guianas and south to Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = ...
''
*''
Soterosanthus
''Soterosanthus shepheardii'' is a species of orchid found in Ecuador and Colombia, and the only species of the monotypic genus ''Soterosanthus''. This species segregated from ''Sievekingia'' because of its upright inflorescence. Flowers are some ...
''
*''
Stanhopea
''Stanhopea'' is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is ''Stan.'' The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope (Philip Henry Stanhope) (1781-1855), president ...
''
*''
Trevoria
''Trevoria'' is a genus of orchids native to southeastern Central America and northwestern South America. It grows in intermediate temperature and is found from Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Bolivia.
''Trevoria'' was described by FC Lehmann in 18 ...
''
*''
Vasqueziella''
In synonymy:
*''
Archivea''
*''Endresiella'': see ''Trevoria''
*''
Jennyella
''Jennyella'' is a genus of orchids. The description was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in '' Houlletia''. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchid ...
''
*''Stanhopeastrum'': see ''Stanhopea''
References
Further reading
* (1983): Orchid floral fragrances and male euglossine bees: methods and advances in the last sesquidecade. ''Biol. Bull.'' 164: 355-395.
*Gerlach, G. (2003) "The subtribe Stanhopeinae: biology and systematics" - Proceedings of the European Orchid Conference and Show (ed. J. Hermans and P. J. Cribb), pp. 135–142. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.
* W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Mark W. Chase ''Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence'', ''
American Journal of Botany
The ''American Journal of Botany'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of plant biology. It has been published by the Botanical Society of America since 1914. The journal has an impact factor of 3.038, as of 201 ...
''. 2000;87:1842-1856
External links
Botanical Garden Munich: One of the most extensive photo collections of Stanhopeinae
The Stanhopea Pages website
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3656634
Orchid subtribes