St Mary's Hospital is an NHS

hospital A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emerge ...

in Paddington, in the

City of Westminster The City of Westminster is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and London boroughs, borough in Inner London. It is the site of the United Kingdom's Houses of Parliament and much of the British government. It occupies a large area of cent ...

, London, founded in 1845. Since the UK's first

academic health science centre An academic medical centre (AMC), variously also known as academic health science centre, academic health science system, or academic health science partnership, is an educational and healthcare institute formed by the grouping of a health profess ...

was created in 2008, it has been operated by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, which also operates Charing Cross Hospital,

Hammersmith Hospital Hammersmith Hospital, formerly the Military Orthopaedic Hospital, and later the Special Surgical Hospital, is a major teaching hospital in White City, West London. It is part of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in the London Borough of H ...

, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital and the

Western Eye Hospital Western Eye Hospital is an ophthalmology hospital in west London. It is managed by the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. History The hospital was founded by Henry Obre and John Woolcott, both surgeons, at St John's Place in Lisson Grove as ...

. Until 1988 the hospital ran

St Mary's Hospital Medical School St Mary's is the youngest of the constituent schools of Imperial College London, founded in 1854 as part of the new hospital in Paddington. During its existence in the 1980s and 1990s, it was the most popular medical school in the country, wit ...

, part of the federal University of London. In 1988 it merged with Imperial College London, and then with

Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School existed as a legal entity for 13 years, as the midpoint of a series of mergers which strategically consolidated the many small medical schools in west London into one large institution under the aegis ...

in 1997 to form Imperial College School of Medicine. In 2007 Imperial College became an independent institution when it withdrew from the University of London.

History

Development of the hospital

The original block of St Mary's Hospital in Norfolk Place was designed by Thomas Hopper in the classical style. It first opened its doors to patients in 1851, the last of the great voluntary hospitals to be founded. Among St Mary's founders was the surgeon Isaac Baker Brown, a controversial figure who performed numerous clitoridectomies at the London Surgical Home, his hospital for women, and who "immediately set to work to remove the

clitoris The clitoris ( or ) is a female sex organ present in mammals, ostriches and a limited number of other animals. In humans, the visible portion – the glans – is at the front junction of the labia minora (inner lips), above the ope ...

whenever he had the opportunity of doing so." It was at St Mary's Hospital that C.R. Alder Wright first synthesized diamorphine in 1874. The Clarence Memorial Wing, designed by Sir William Emerson and built with its main frontage on Praed Street, opened in 1904. It was at the hospital that

Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of w ...

discovered

penicillin Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from ''Penicillium'' moulds, principally '' P. chrysogenum'' and '' P. rubens''. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum using ...

in 1928. Fleming's laboratory has been restored and incorporated into a museum about the discovery and his life and work. The private Lindo wing, where there have been royal births and several celebrity births, opened in November 1937; it was financed by businessman and hospital board member

Frank Charles Lindo Frank or Franks may refer to: People * Frank (given name) * Frank (surname) * Franks (surname) * Franks, a medieval Germanic people * Frank, a term in the Muslim world for all western Europeans, particularly during the Crusades - see Farang Curre ...

, who made a large donation before his death in 1938. Following the 1944 publication of a report by Sir William Goodenough advocating a minimum size for teaching hospitals, and following the formation of the National Health Service in the 1948, several local hospitals became affiliated to St Mary's Hospital. These included

Paddington General Hospital Paddington General Hospital was a health facility in Harrow Road, Paddington, London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 mil ...

, the Samaritan Hospital for Women and the

. In the 1950s, Felix Eastcott, a consultant surgeon and deputy director of the surgical unit at St Mary's Hospital, carried out pioneering work on carotid endarterectomy designed to reduce the risk of

stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...

. Paddington General Hospital closed and relocated services to the Paddington basin site in November 1986 and, in common with the other London teaching hospitals who lost their independence at that time, the medical school of St Mary's Hospital merged with that of Imperial College London in 1988. In 1987 as part of on-going rationalisation within the NHS, the hundred year old Paddington Green Children's Hospital was closed down, the listed buildings sold off and its services absorbed into St Mary's.

Notable births

;Royal family: *

Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster The title of Earl of Ulster has been created six times in the Peerage of Ireland and twice in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since 1928, the title has been held by the Duke of Gloucester and is used as a courtesy title by the Duke's elde ...

(born 1974) son of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester * Lady Davina Windsor (born 1977) daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester * Peter Phillips (born 1977)son of

the Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to their eldest daughter. Although purely honorary, it is the highest honour that may be given to a female member of the royal family. There have been sev ...

and Mark Phillips * Lord Frederick Windsor (born 1979)son of Prince and

Princess Michael of Kent Princess Michael of Kent (born Baroness Marie-Christine Anna Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz, 15 January 1945) is a member of the British royal family of German, Austrian, Czech and Hungarian descent. She is married to Prince Michael of Kent, ...

* Lady Rose Gilman (born 1980) daughter of Duke and Duchess of Gloucester *

Zara Tindall Zara Anne Elizabeth Tindall (''née'' Phillips; born 15 May 1981) is a British equestrian, an Olympian, and the daughter of Anne, Princess Royal, and Captain Mark Phillips. She is the niece of King Charles III and is 20th in the line of succe ...

(born 1981)daughter of the Princess Royal and Mark Phillips *

Lady Gabriella Kingston Lady Gabriella Marina Alexandra Ophelia Kingston (''née'' Windsor; born 23 April 1981) is an English socialite and Freelancer, freelance writer. She is the daughter of Prince Michael of Kent, Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. She is 55th in ...

(born 1981) daughter of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent * William, Prince of Wales (born 1982)first son of

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to a ...

and

Diana, Princess of Wales Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) and mother of Princes William and Harry. Her ac ...

* Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (born 1983)daughter of the

King Constantine II of Greece Constantine II ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, ''Konstantínos II''; 2 June 1940) reigned as the last King of Greece, from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973. Constantine is the only son of King Paul an ...

and

Anne-Marie of Denmark Anne-Marie, ( el, Άννα-Μαρία ; born 30 August 1946) is a Greek and Danish royal who was the last Queen of Greece from 1964 to 1973 as the wife of King Constantine II. The Greek monarchy was abolished with the 1974 Greek Republic Ref ...

. * Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (born 1984) second son of Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales * Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark (born 1986) son of

and

Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick Edward Edmund Maximilian George Windsor, Lord Downpatrick (born 2 December 1988), known professionally as Eddy Downpatrick, is an English fashion designer and former financial analyst. He is the co-founder and creative director of the British fa ...

(born 1988) son of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews and Sylvana Windsor, Countess of St Andrews. * Prince George of Wales (born 2013) first son of William, Prince of Wales, and

Catherine, Princess of Wales Catherine, Princess of Wales, (born Catherine Elizabeth Middleton; 9 January 1982) is a member of the British royal family. She is married to William, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to the British throne, making Catherine the likely next ...

Princess Charlotte of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales may refer to: * Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817), the only child of George, Prince of Wales, later King George IV of the United Kingdom ** Princess Charlotte of Wales (1812 EIC ship), a ship named after the pri ...

(born 2015) daughter of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales * Prince Louis of Wales (born 2018) – second son of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales ;Other notable births * Seal (born 1963) British musician *

Olivia Robertson Olivia Melian Durdin-Robertson (13 April 1917 – 14 November 2013) was an author, artist, co-founder and high priestess of the Fellowship of Isis.Fellowship of Isis *

Elvis Costello Declan Patrick MacManus Order of the British Empire, OBE (born 25 August 1954), known professionally as Elvis Costello, is an English singer-songwriter and record producer. He has won multiple awards in his career, including a Grammy Award in ...

(born 1954) British musician *

Kiefer Sutherland Kiefer William Sutherland (born 21 December 1966) is a British-Canadian actor and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Jack Bauer in the Fox drama series '' 24'' (2001–2010, 2014), for which he won an Emmy Award, a Golden Glo ...

(born 1966) Canadian actor *

Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro Jemma Madeleine Wellesley, Countess of Mornington (née Kidd; born 20 September 1974), is a British make up artist, fashion model, and aristocrat. She currently resides on the Stratfield Saye estate, Hampshire. Biography Early life Lady Mo ...

(born 1978)son of the Duke and Duchess of Wellington * Lady Charlotte Wellesley (born 1990)daughter of the 9th Duke of Wellington *

Michael Page Michael Jerome Reece-Pagewkaassociation.com, Retrieved 28 August 2017. (born 7 April 1987) is a British Kickboxing, kickboxer, Boxing, boxer, and Mixed martial arts, mixed martial artist. He is recognised in the MMA community for his unortho ...

(born 1987)British professional boxer and mixed martial artist * Louis Spencer, Viscount Althorp (born 1994) heir apparent to the Spencer earldom, nephew of Diana, Princess of Wales and first cousin of the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Sussex * Admiral Schofield (born 1997) American basketball player, currently with the

Orlando Magic The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team based in Orlando, Florida. The Magic compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The franchise was establ ...

*Alexander and Ella Clooney (born 2017) – children of actor and director

George Clooney George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is the recipient of List of awards and nominations received by George Clooney, numerous accolades, including a British Academy Film Awards, British Academy Film A ...

, and human rights lawyer Amal Clooney

Notable staff and alumni

Arthur Cecil Alport Arthur Cecil Alport, M.D. (1880–1959) was a South African physician who first identified the Alport syndrome in a British family in 1927. Biography After graduating in medicine from the University of Edinburgh Medical School with an MB ChB in ...

physician who first identified Alport syndrome in 1927 *

Roger Bannister Sir Roger Gilbert Bannister (23 March 1929 – 3 March 2018) was an English neurologist and middle-distance athlete who ran the first sub-4-minute mile. At the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, Bannister set a British record in the 1500 metres and ...

first man to run a four-minute mile, professor of neurology * Aleck Bournegynaecologist best known for his 1938 trial, a landmark case in abortion law *

William Broadbent Sir William Henry Broadbent, 1st Baronet (23 January 1835 – 10 July 1907) was an English neurologist who was a leading British authority in the field of cardiology as well as neurology. He also performed research involving diseases such as ...

19th-century neurologist and cardiologist * John Scott Burdon-Sanderson

Regius Professor A Regius Professor is a university Professor (highest academic rank), professor who has, or originally had, Monarchy of the United Kingdom, royal patronage or appointment. They are a unique feature of academia in the United Kingdom and Republic ...

of Medicine at the University of Oxford and

Royal Medal The Royal Medal, also known as The Queen's Medal and The King's Medal (depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award), is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important ...

winner *

J. Jackson Clarke James Jackson Clarke (3 February 1860 – 4 December 1940) F.R.C.S. was a British pathologist, surgeon and cancer researcher, best known for advocating a parasitic theory of cancer. Biography Clarke was born in Lincoln.Leonard Colebrook Leonard Colebrook FRS ( – ) was an English physician and bacteriologist. Education Colebrook was educated at the Grammar School in Guildford (1891–96), Westbourne High School in Bournemouth (1896–99) and Christ's College Blackheath in Ke ...

physician and bacteriologist,

MBBS Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ( la, Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; abbreviated most commonly MBBS), is the primary medical degree awarded by medical schools in countries that follow the tradition of the United King ...

in 1906, who, in 1935, showed Prontosil was effective against haemolytic streptococcus of

puerperal fever Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than , chills, lower ab ...

* Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham Health Minister *

awarded the Nobel Prize for discovery of

Nim Hall Norman MacLeod "Nim" Hall (2 August 1925 – 25 June 1972) was a rugby union international who represented England from 1947 to 1955. He also captained his country. Early life Nim Hall was born on 2 August 1925 in Huddersfield and attended Wor ...

England rugby captain * John Henry clinical toxicologist who did crucial work on

poison Poison is a chemical substance that has a detrimental effect to life. The term is used in a wide range of scientific fields and industries, where it is often specifically defined. It may also be applied colloquially or figuratively, with a broa ...

ing and

drug overdose A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended.

Amanda Herbert Amanda Herbert (born 1943) is a British cytopathologist and histopathologist. Career Herbert studied medicine at St Mary's Hospital, London, St Mary's Hospital, graduating in 1968. In 1982, she became a consultant cytopathologist and histo ...

cytopathologist Cytopathology (from Greek , ''kytos'', "a hollow"; , ''pathos'', "fate, harm"; and , ''-logia'') is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. The discipline was founded by George Nicolas Papanicolaou in 19 ...

and histopathologist, editor of ''Cytopathology'' from 2008 to 2014 and co-editor of ''Eurocytology.eu'' *

Albert Neuberger Albert Neuberger (15 April 1908 – 14 August 1996) was a British Professor of Chemical Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, 1955–1973, and later Emeritus Professor. Education in Germany Born in Hassfurt, northern Bavaria, the first of the three ...

professor of chemical pathology *

Tom Oppé Thomas Ernest Oppé CBE (7 February 1925 – 25 June 2007) was an English paediatrician and a professor of paediatrics at St Mary's Hospital, London. He is regarded as a pioneer in children's health services and infant nutrition. Early life Oppé ...

professor of paediatrics * Tuppy Owen-Smith international rugby player and cricketer *

William Stanley Peart Sir William Stanley Peart (31 March 1922 – 14 March 2019) was a British medical doctor and clinical researcher who was first to demonstrate the release of noradrenaline after the stimulation of sympathetic nerves. One or more of the preceding s ...

professor of medicine, isolated and determined the structure of angiotensin *

Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt Colonel Arthur Espie Porritt, Baron Porritt, (10 August 1900 – 1 January 1994) was a New Zealand physician, military surgeon, statesman and athlete. He won a bronze medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the 100 m sprint. He served as the ...

President of the

British Medical Association The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom. The association does not regulate or certify doctors, a responsibility which lies with the General Medical Council. The association's headquar ...

and the Royal College of Surgeons of England and

Governor-General of New Zealand The governor-general of New Zealand ( mi, te kāwana tianara o Aotearoa) is the viceregal representative of the monarch of New Zealand, currently King Charles III. As the King is concurrently the monarch of 14 other Commonwealth realms and li ...

Rodney Robert Porter Prof Rodney Robert Porter, CH, FRS FRSE HFRCP (8 October 1917 – 6 September 1985) was a British biochemist and Nobel laureate. Education and early life He was born in Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, England, the son of Joseph Lawrence Po ...

awarded the Nobel Prize for research on the chemical structure of

antibodies An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the ...

* Bernard Spilsbury pathologist and one of the pioneers of modern

forensic medicine Forensic medicine is a broad term used to describe a group of medical specialties which deal with the examination and diagnosis of individuals who have been injured by or who have died because of external or unnatural causes such as poisoning, assa ...

* Joseph Toynbee

otologist Otology is a branch of medicine which studies normal and pathological anatomy and physiology of the ear (hearing and vestibular sensory systems and related structures and functions) as well as their diseases, diagnosis and treatment. Otologic ...

* Augustus Waller whose research led to the invention of the electrocardiogram (ECG) *

J. P. R. Williams John Peter Rhys Williams (born 2 March 1949) is a former Welsh rugby union player who represented Wales in international rugby during their Golden Era in the 1970s. He became known universally as J. P. R. Williams (or sometimes just as JPR) aft ...

international rugby player * Almroth Wright advanced vaccination through the use of

autogenous vaccines Autogenous vaccines, also called autologous vaccines, autovaccines, “self” or custom vaccines, are vaccines that are prepared by isolation and destruction of microorganisms in infected individuals and used to provide immunity to the same individ ...

Charles Romley Alder Wright Charles Romley Alder Wright FCS, FRS (7 September 1844 – 25 June 1894) was an English lecturer in chemistry and physics at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in London, England. He was a founder of the Royal Institute of Chemistry. Alder ...

first person to synthesize heroin in 1874 * Wu Lien-tehlater to be the Plague fighter of China

Associations

St Mary's Hospital is located beside

London Paddington railway station Paddington, also known as London Paddington, is a Central London railway terminus and London Underground station complex, located on Praed Street in the Paddington area. The site has been the London terminus of services provided by the Great W ...

, the principal station of the

Great Western Railway The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the southwest, west and West Midlands of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament on 31 August 1835 and ran ...

and its successors. In celebration of the association, a British Rail Class 43 (InterCity 125) locomotive, 43142, was named ''St Mary's Hospital, Paddington'' on 4 November 1986. The locomotive is still in service but, following changes of ownership, the name has now been removed. One of the large metal nameplates was acquired by the hospital, and is now displayed in the foyer of the Cambridge Wing.

Major Trauma Centre

St Mary's Hospital is one of four major trauma centres in London. The other three are: King's College Hospital in

Denmark Hill Denmark Hill is an area and road in Camberwell, in the London Borough of Southwark. It is a sub-section of the western flank of the Norwood Ridge, centred on the long, curved Ruskin Park slope of the ridge. The road is part of the A215 road, A21 ...

The Royal London Hospital The Royal London Hospital is a large teaching hospital in Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is part of Barts Health NHS Trust. It provides district general hospital services for the City of London and Tower Hamlets and spe ...

in Whitechapel, and

St George's Hospital St George's Hospital is a large teaching hospital in Tooting, London. Founded in 1733, it is one of the UK's largest teaching hospitals and one of the largest hospitals in Europe. It is run by the St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundatio ...

in Tooting.

COSMIC charity

COSMIC is an independent charity, supporting the work of the neonatal and paediatric intensive care services of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London. The charity funds a range of specialist equipment for the units, including ventilators and patient monitoring systems for those being treated on the wards, as well as providing practical and emotional support to families.

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Special events commemorate ten years of the Faculty of Medicine

External links

*
St Mary's Hospital on the NHS website

Care Quality Commission inspection reports
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mary's Hospital, London 1845 establishments in England Hospital buildings completed in 1845 Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster Christian hospitals Health in the City of Westminster Hospitals established in 1845 Imperial College Healthcare NHS hospitals in London Teaching hospitals in London Paddington Voluntary hospitals