, neighboring_municipalities =
Eggersriet,
Gaiserwald,
Gossau,
Herisau
Herisau is a municipality and the capital of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. It is the seat of the canton's government and parliament; the judicial authorities are situated in Trogen.
The central hamlet and the houses around ...
(AR),
Mörschwil,
Speicher (AR),
Stein
Stein is a German, Yiddish and Norwegian word meaning "stone" and "pip" or "kernel". It stems from the same Germanic root as the English word stone. It may refer to:
Places In Austria
* Stein, a neighbourhood of Krems an der Donau, Lower Aust ...
(AR),
Teufen (AR),
Untereggen
Untereggen is a municipality in the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Geography
Untereggen has an area, , of . Of this area, 50.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 42.9% is forested ...
,
Wittenbach
Wittenbach is a municipality in the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
History
Wittenbach is first mentioned in 1297 as ''Witebach''.
Geography
Wittenbach has an area, , of . Of this area, 58 ...
, twintowns =
Liberec (Czech Republic)
, website = www.stadt.sg.ch
St. Gallen or traditionally St Gall, in
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
; it, San Gallo; rm, Son Gagl) is a
Swiss city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
and the capital of the
canton of
St. Gallen. It evolved from the
hermit
A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions.
Description
In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Ch ...
age of
Saint Gall
Gall ( la, Gallus; 550 646) according to hagiographic tradition was a disciple and one of the traditional twelve companions of Columbanus on his mission from Ireland to the continent. Deicolus was the elder brother of Gall.
Biography
The ...
, founded in the 7th century.
Today, it is a large
urban agglomeration
An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities ...
(with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of
eastern Switzerland
Eastern Switzerland (german: Ostschweiz, french: Suisse orientale, rm, Svizra orientala, it, Svizzera orientale) is the common name of the region situated to the east of Glarus Alps, with the cantons of Schaffhausen, Thurgau, St. Gallen, Appenz ...
. Its economy consists mainly of the
service sector. The city is home to the
University of St. Gallen
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
, one of the best business schools in Europe.
The main tourist attraction is the
Abbey of Saint Gall
The Abbey of Saint Gall (german: Abtei St. Gallen) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Carolingian-era monastery existed from 719, founded by Saint Othmar on the spot ...
, a
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard)
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the
Alemannic Alemannic (''Alamannic'') or Alamanni may refer to:
* Alemannic German, a dialect family in the Upper German branch of the German languages and its speakers
* Alemanni, a confederation of Suebian Germanic tribes in the Roman period
* Alamanni (surna ...
Swiss German dialect. The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the
Appenzellerland.
History
Early history
The town of St. Gallen grew around the
Abbey of St Gall
The Abbey of Saint Gall (german: Abtei St. Gallen) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Carolingian-era monastery existed from 719, founded by Saint Othmar on the spot ...
, founded in the 8th century.
The abbey is said to have been built at the site of the hermitage of
Irish missionary Gallus, who according to legend had established himself by the river
Steinach in AD 612.
The monastery itself was founded by
Saint Othmar in c. 720.
[
The abbey prospered in the 9th century and became a site of pilgrimage and a center of trade, with associated guest houses, stables and other facilities, a hospital, one of the first monastery schools north of the Alps. By the tenth century, a settlement had grown up around the abbey.][
In 926 Magyar raiders attacked the abbey and surrounding town.
Saint ]Wiborada
Wiborada of St. Gall (also Guiborat, Weibrath or Viborata; Alemannic: ''Wiberat'') (died 926) was a member of the Swabian nobility in what is present-day Switzerland. She was an anchoress, Benedictine nun, and martyr.
Biography
There are two bi ...
, the first woman formally canonized
Canonization is the declaration of a deceased person as an officially recognized saint, specifically, the official act of a Christian communion declaring a person worthy of public veneration and entering their name in the canon catalogue of s ...
by the Vatican
Vatican may refer to:
Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum
The Holy See
* The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
, reportedly saw a vision of the impending attack and warned the monks and citizens to flee. While the monks and the abbey treasure
A church treasure is the collection of historical art treasures belonging to a church, usually a monastery (monastery treasure), abbey, cathedral. Such "treasure" is usually held and displayed in the church's treasury or in a diocesan museum. Hi ...
escaped, Wiborada chose to stay behind and was killed by the raiders.
Between 924 and 933 the Magyars again threatened the abbey, and its books were removed for safekeeping to Reichenau. Not all the books were returned.
On 26 April 937 a fire consumed much of the abbey, spreading to the adjoining settlement. However, the library was spared.[ About 954 a protective wall was raised around the abbey; by 975 abbot Notker finished the wall, and the adjoining settlement began growing into the town of St Gall.][
]
Independence from the Abbey
From the later 12th century, the town of St. Gall increasingly pushed for independence from the abbey. In 1180, an imperial reeve, who was not answerable to the abbot, was installed in the town.[
In 1207, Abbot ]Ulrich von Sax
Ulrich von Sax (born before 1204; died 23 September 1220) was Abbot of Saint Gall from 1204 until his death. Life
Ulrich descended from the House of Sax who had property in eastern Switzerland. He was the son of Albrecht von Sax. After his stu ...
was granted the rank of Imperial Prince (''Reichsfürst'') by Philip of Swabia, King of the Germans.[ As an ecclesiastical principality, the Abbey of St. Gallen was to constitute an important ]territorial state The term territorial state is used to refer to a state, typical of the High Middle Ages, since around 1000 AD, and "other large-scale complex organizations that attained size, stability, capacity, efficiency, and territorial reach not seen since ant ...
and a major regional power in northern Switzerland.[
The city of St. Gallen proper progressively freed itself from the rule of the abbot. Abbot Wilhelm von Montfort in 1291 granted special privileges to the citizens.][ By about 1353 the ]guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradesmen belonging to a professional association. They sometimes ...
s, headed by the cloth-weavers guild, had gained control of the civic government.[ In 1415 the city bought its liberty from the ]German king
This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (''Regnum Teutonicum''), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Emp ...
Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, Siegmund) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German ''sigu'' "victory" + ''munt'' "hand, protection". Tacitus latinises it '' Segimundus''. There appears to be an older form of ...
.[
]
Ally of the Swiss Confederacy
In 1405, the Appenzell estates of the abbot successfully rebelled
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority.
A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...
and in 1411 they became allies of the Old Swiss Confederation
The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy ( Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th centur ...
. A few months later, the town of St. Gallen also became an ally. They joined the "everlasting alliance" as full members of the Confederation in 1454 and in 1457 became completely free from the abbot.[
However, in 1451 the abbey became an ally of Zurich, Lucerne, ]Schwyz
The town of Schwyz (; french: Schwytz; it, Svitto) is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.
The Federal Charter of 1291 or ''Bundesbrief'', the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the ' ...
, and Glarus
, neighboring_municipalities= Glarus Nord, Glarus Süd, Muotathal (SZ), Innerthal (SZ)
, twintowns= Wiesbaden-Biebrich (Germany)
}
Glarus (; gsw, Glaris; french: Glaris; it, Glarona; rm, Glaruna) is the capital of the canton of Glarus ...
who were all members of the Confederation.
Ulrich Varnbüler was an early mayor of St. Gallen and perhaps one of the most colorful. Hans, the father of Ulrich, was prominent in city affairs in St. Gallen in the early 15th century. Ulrich entered public affairs in the early 1460s and attained the various offices and honours that are available to a talented and ambitious man. He demonstrated fine qualities as field commander of the St. Gallen troops in the Burgundian Wars
The Burgundian Wars (1474–1477) were a conflict between the Burgundian State and the Old Swiss Confederacy and its allies. Open war broke out in 1474, and the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, was defeated three times on the battlefield in t ...
.
In the Battle of Grandson
The Battle of Grandson, which took place on 2 March 1476, was part of the Burgundian Wars, and resulted in a major defeat for Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, at the hands of the Swiss.
Prelude
In late February 1476, Charles the Bold, ...
(1476) his troops were part of the advance units of the Confederation and took part in their famous attack. A large painting of Ulrich returning triumphantly to a hero's welcome in St. Gallen is still displayed in St. Gallen.
After the war, Varnbüler often represented St. Gallen at the various parliaments of the Confederation. In December 1480, Varnbüler was offered the position of mayor for the first time. From that time on, he served in several leadership positions and was considered the city's intellectual and political leader.
According to Vadian, who understood his contemporaries well, "Ulrich was a very intelligent, observant, and eloquent man who enjoyed the trust of the citizenry to a high degree."
His reputation among the Confederates was also substantial. However, in the late 1480s, he became involved in a conflict that was to have serious negative consequences for him and for the city.
In 1463, Ulrich Rösch
Ulrich Rösch (born 14 February 1426 in Wangen im Allgäu; died 13 March 1491 in Wil) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1463 to 1491. He is considered one of the most outstanding abbots of the monastery.
Life
Rösch, the son of a bake ...
had assumed the management of the abbey of Saint Gall. He was an ambitious prelate, whose goal was to return the abbey to prominence by every possible means, following the losses of the Appenzell War
The Appenzell Wars (german: Appenzeller Kriege) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the Appenzell region of modern-day Switzerland. The wars consisted of uprisings of cooperative groups, such as the farmers of Appenzel ...
.
His restless ambition offended the political and material interests of his neighbours. When he arranged for the help of the Pope and the Emperor to carry out a plan to move the abbey to Rorschach Rorschach may refer to:
* Hermann Rorschach, a Swiss psychiatrist
** Rorschach test, his psychological evaluation method involving inkblots
* Rorschach (character), a character from the comics ''Watchmen''
* Rorschach (comic book), a 2020 comic
* ...
on Lake Constance, he encountered stiff resistance from the St. Gallen citizenry, other clerics, and the Appenzell nobility in the Rhine Valley, who were concerned for their holdings.
At this point, Varnbüler entered the conflict against the prelate. He wanted to restrain the increase of the abbey's power and at the same time increase the power of the town that had been restricted in its development. For this purpose he established contact with farmers and Appenzell residents (led by the fanatical Hermann Schwendiner Hermann or Herrmann may refer to:
* Hermann (name), list of people with this name
* Arminius, chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci tribe in the 1st century, known as Hermann in the German language
* Éditions Hermann, French publisher
* Hermann, Miss ...
) who were seeking an opportunity to weaken the abbot.
Initially, he protested to the abbot and the representatives of the four sponsoring Confederate cantons (Zurich, Lucerne, Schwyz, and Glarus) against the construction of the new abbey in Rorschach. Then on 28 July 1489 he had armed troops from St. Gallen and Appenzell destroy the buildings already under construction, an attack known as the Rorschacher Klosterbruch
The Rorschacher Klosterbruch or St. Gallerkrieg was a war between the Abbey of Saint Gall, Zürich, Lucerne, Schwyz and Glarus against the city of St. Gallen and Appenzell in 1489 to 1490.
Background
Following the Appenzell victory in 1408 dur ...
.[
When the Abbot complained to the Confederates about the damage and demanded full compensation, Ulrich responded with a countersuit, and in cooperation with Schwendiner rejected the arbitration efforts of the non-partisan Confederates. He motivated the clerics from ]Wil
Wil () is the capital of the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Wil is the third largest city in the Canton of St. Gallen, after the city of St. Gallen and Rapperswil-Jona, a twin city that merged in ...
to Rorschach to abandon their loyalty to the abbey and spoke against the abbey at a meeting of the townspeople at Waldkirch, where the popular league was formed. He was confident that the four sponsoring cantons would not intervene with force, due to the prevailing tensions between the Confederation and the Swabian League
The Swabian League (''Schwäbischer Bund'') was a mutual defence and peace keeping association of Imperial Estates – free Imperial cities, prelates, principalities and knights – principally in the territory of the early medieval stem duchy o ...
. He was strengthened in his resolve when the people of St. Gallen re-elected him as their highest magistrate in 1490.
Invasion of 1490
Ulrich Varnbüler had made a serious miscalculation. In early 1490, the four cantons decided to carry out their duty to the abbey and to invade the St. Gallen canton with an armed force. The people of Appenzell and the local clerics submitted to this force without significant resistance, while the city of St. Gallen braced itself for a fight to the finish. However, when they learned that their compatriots had given up the fight, they lost confidence, and they agreed to a settlement that greatly restricted the city's power and burdened the city with serious penalties and reparation payments.
Ulrich, overwhelmed by the responsibility for his political decisions, panicked in the face of the approaching enemy who wanted him apprehended. His life was in great danger, and he was forced to escape from the city disguised as a messenger. He made his way to Lindau
Lindau (german: Lindau (Bodensee), ''Lindau am Bodensee''; ; Low Alemannic: ''Lindou'') is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (''Bodensee'' in German) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the county (''Landkreis' ...
and to Innsbruck and the court of King Maximilian. The victors confiscated those of his properties that lay outside of the city of St. Gallen and banned him from the Confederation. Ulrich then appealed to the imperial court (as did Schwendiner, who had fled with him) for the return of his property.
The suit had the support of Friedrich II and Maximilian and the trial threatened to drag on for years: it was continued by Ulrich's sons Hans and Ulrich after his death in 1496, and eventually the Varnbülers regained their properties. However, other political ramifications resulted from the court action, because the Confederation gained ownership of the city of St. Gallen and rejected the inroads of the empire. Thus, the conflict strengthened the relationship between the Confederation and the city of St. Gallen. On the other hand, the matter deepened the alienation between Switzerland and the German Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
, which eventually led to a total separation after the Swabian War
The Swabian War of 1499 ( gsw, Schwoobechrieg (spelling depending on dialect), called or ("Swiss War") in Germany and ("War of the Engadin") in Austria) was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of ...
.
Despite the unpropitious end of his career, Ulrich Varnbüler is immortalized in a famous woodcut by Albrecht Dürer, which is now part of the Smithsonian Institution's woodcut collection in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
Among Varnbüler's sons, the eldest (Hans/Johann) became the mayor of Lindau
Lindau (german: Lindau (Bodensee), ''Lindau am Bodensee''; ; Low Alemannic: ''Lindou'') is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (''Bodensee'' in German) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the county (''Landkreis' ...
. He is the patriarch of the Baden
Baden (; ) is a historical territory in South Germany, in earlier times on both sides of the Upper Rhine but since the Napoleonic Wars only East of the Rhine.
History
The margraves of Baden originated from the House of Zähringen. Baden i ...
and Württemberg
Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart.
Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württ ...
Varnbülers.
Reformation
Starting in 1526 then-mayor
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well ...
and humanist
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and agency of human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
The meaning of the term "human ...
Joachim von Watt (Vadian) introduced the Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and ...
into St. Gallen. The town converted to the new religion while the abbey remained Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
. While iconoclastic
Iconoclasm (from Ancient Greek, Greek: grc, wikt:εἰκών, εἰκών, lit=figure, icon, translit=eikṓn, label=none + grc, wikt:κλάω, κλάω, lit=to break, translit=kláō, label=none)From grc, wikt:εἰκών, εἰκών + wi ...
riots forced the monks to flee the city and remove images from the city's churches, the fortified abbey remained untouched.[Switzerland is yours.com-St. Gallen History]
accessed 20 November 2008 The abbey would remain a Catholic stronghold in the Protestant city until 1803.
Modern history
In 1798 Napoleon invaded the Old Swiss Confederation
The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy ( Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th centur ...
, destroying the Ancien Régime
''Ancien'' may refer to
* the French word for "ancient, old"
** Société des anciens textes français
* the French for "former, senior"
** Virelai ancien
** Ancien Régime
** Ancien Régime in France
''Ancien'' may refer to
* the French word for ...
. Under the Helvetic Republic both the abbey and the city lost their power and were combined with Appenzell into the Canton of Säntis. The Helvetic Republic was widely unpopular in Switzerland and was overthrown in 1803. Following the Act of Mediation
The Act of Mediation () was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic on 19 February 1803 establishing the Swiss Confederation. The act also abolished the previous Helvetic Republic, which had existed since the invasi ...
the city of St. Gallen became the capital of the Protestant Canton of St. Gallen.
One of the first acts of the new canton was to suppress the abbey.[ The monks were driven from the abbey; the last abbot died in Muri in 1829. In 1846 a rearrangement in the local ]diocese
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associa ...
s made St. Gall a separate diocese
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associa ...
, with the abbey church as its cathedral
A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominatio ...
and a portion of the monastic buildings designated the bishop's residence.
Gustav Adolf IV, former king of Sweden, spent the last years of his life in St. Gallen, and died there in 1837.
In the 15th century, St. Gallen became known for producing quality textiles. In 1714, the zenith was reached with a yearly production of 38,000 pieces of cloth. The first depression occurred in the middle of the 18th century, caused by strong foreign competition and reforms in methods of cotton production. But St. Gallen recovered and an even more prosperous era arrived.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the first embroidery machines were developed in St. Gallen. In 1910 the embroidery production constituted the largest export branch (18% of the total export value) in Switzerland and more than half of the worldwide production of embroidery originated in St. Gallen. One fifth of the population of the eastern part of Switzerland was involved with the textile industry
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of yarn, cloth and clothing. The raw material may be natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical industry.
Industry process
Cotton manufacturi ...
. However, World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
and the Great Depression caused another severe crisis for St. Gallen embroidery. Only in the 1950s did the textile industry recover somewhat. Nowadays, because of competition and the prevalence of computer-operated embroidery machines, only a reduced textile industry has survived in St. Gallen; but its embroidered textiles are still popular with Parisian haute couture designers.
Geography and climate
Topography
St. Gallen is situated in the northeastern part of Switzerland in a valley about above sea level. It is one of the highest cities in Switzerland and thus receives abundant winter snow. The city lies between Lake Constance and the mountains of the Appenzell Alps (with the Säntis
At above sea level, Säntis is the highest mountain in the Alpstein massif of northeastern Switzerland. It is also the culminating point of the whole Appenzell Alps, between Lake Walen and Lake Constance. Shared by three cantons, the mounta ...
as the highest peak at ). It therefore offers excellent recreation areas nearby.
As the city center is built on an unstable turf ground (its founder Gallus was looking for a site for a hermitage, not for a city), all buildings on the valley floor must be built on piles. For example, the entire foundation of the train station and its plaza are based on hundreds of piles.
St. Gallen has an area, , of . Of this area, 27.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 28.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 42.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.9%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).
Climate
St. Gallen has a humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(Dfb DFB may refer to:
* Deerfield Beach, Florida, a city
* Decafluorobutane, a fluorocarbon gas
* Dem Franchize Boyz, former hip hop group, Atlanta, Georgia
* Dfb, Köppen climate classification for Humid continental climate
* Distributed-feedback ...
) with short, warm summers and long, moderately cold winters. Precipitation is very high year round. St. Gallen has a very cloudy climate.
Between 1981 and 2010 St. Gallen had an average of 141 days of rain or snow per year and on average received of precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. ...
. The wettest month was July during which time St. Gallen received an average of of rain. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 13.8 days. The month with the most days of precipitation were June and July May. The driest month of the year was February with an average of of precipitation over 9.1 days.
Radioactivity
St. Gallen is notable for reporting the highest maximum radioactivity measurements of any Swiss city, as published in the 2009 yearly report by the Federal Office of Public Health
The Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) is the Swiss federal government’s centre for public health and a part of the Swiss Federal Department of Home Affairs.
In addition to developing national health policy, it also represents the inte ...
. While the daily average level of gamma-ray radioactivity in the city is unremarkable at 105 nSv/h, the maximum can reach 195 nSv/h, as high as the average for Jungfraujoch
The Jungfraujoch (German: lit. "maiden saddle") is a saddle connecting two major 4000ers of the Bernese Alps: the Jungfrau and the Mönch. It lies at an elevation of above sea level and is directly overlooked by the rocky prominence of the Sphinx ...
, the location with the highest reported level of radioactivity in Switzerland, due to its high elevation and therefore greater exposure to cosmic rays. The same report explains that the unusually high spikes of radioactivity measured in St. Gallen are due to radioactive products of radon
Radon is a chemical element with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colourless, odourless, tasteless noble gas. It occurs naturally in minute quantities as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through ...
gas being washed to the ground during heavy storms, but does not explain where the sufficient quantities of radon gas and its products to account for the anomaly would come from. The yearly report for 2009 on risks associated with radon published by the same governmental agency shows St. Gallen to lie in an area of the lowest level of radon exposure. In addition to the measured gamma-radiation, the city may be subject to radioactive tritium
Tritium ( or , ) or hydrogen-3 (symbol T or H) is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen with half-life about 12 years. The nucleus of tritium (t, sometimes called a ''triton'') contains one proton and two neutrons, whereas the nucleus of ...
pollution in Teufen, a satellite town situated 4 km south of the city in the canton of Appenzell Outer Rhodes (this pollution is also covered in the report).
Politics
Coat of arms
The blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vi ...
of the municipal coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...
is ''Argent a Bear rampant Sable langued and in his virility Gules and armed and gorged Or.''
Subdivisions
Government
The City Council (Stadtrat) constitutes the executive
Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to:
Role or title
* Executive, a senior management role in an organization
** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators
** Executive dir ...
government of the City of St. Gallen and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (german: Stadtrat/ Stadträtin), each presiding over a directorate. The president of the presidential directorate acts as mayor
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well ...
(''Stadtpräsident''). In the mandate period 2017–2020 (''Legislatur'') the City Council is presided by ''Stadtpräsidentin'' Maria Pappa
Maria may refer to:
People
* Mary, mother of Jesus
* Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages
Place names Extraterrestrial
*170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877
*Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, da ...
. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of St. Gallen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The current mandate period is from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2024. The mayor is elected as such by public election by means of a system of Majorz, while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz.
, St. Gallen's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
Fo ...
) of which one is the mayor, one member of the FDP (FDP.The Liberals
french: PLR.Les Libéraux-Radicaux it, PLR.I Liberali Radicali rm, PLD.Ils Liberals
, logo =
, caption = Logo of the party in French, German, and Italian
, leader1_title = President
, leader1_name = Thierry Burkart ...
), one of the GLP ( Green Liberal Party), and one independent. The last regular election was held on 27 September 2020.[
Manfred Linke is City Chancellor (''Stadtschreiber'') since for the City Chancellary.
]
Parliament
The City Parliament (Stadtparlament) holds legislative power
A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government.
Laws enacted by legislatures are usually known a ...
. It is made up of 63 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
(Proporz).
The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of St. Gallen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the ''Waaghaus'' once a week on Tuesdays.
The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 27 September 2020 for the mandate period (german: Legislatur) from January 2021 to December 2024. Currently the City Parliament consists of 17 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) and one of its junior section, the ''JUSO'', 11 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 8 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 8 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 8 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 7 Green Party (GPS/PES) and 1 of its junior section, the ''JungeGr'', one representative of the Evangelical People's Party (EVP), and one member of the ''Politische Frauengruppe (PFG)'' (Political Women Group).[
]
National elections
National Council
In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council
The National Council (german: Nationalrat; french: Conseil national; it, Consiglio nazionale; rm, Cussegl naziunal) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the upper house being the Council of States. With 200 seats, the ...
the most popular party was the PS which received 24.4% (-3.8) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the Green Party
A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence.
Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation f ...
(17.5%, +8.3), the SVP (16.5%, -4.6), FDP (14.4%, +0.1), the CVP (12.6%, +0.4), and the GLP (10.9%, +4.4). In the federal election a total of 18,821 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
was 42.9%.
In the 2015 election for the Swiss National Council
The National Council (german: Nationalrat; french: Conseil national; it, Consiglio nazionale; rm, Cussegl naziunal) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the upper house being the Council of States. With 200 seats, the ...
the most popular party was the SPS which received 28.1% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the SVP (21.1%), the FDP (14.3%), the CVP (12.2%), the GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite sy ...
(9.2%), and the GLP (6.6%). In the federal election, a total of 20,768 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.0%.
International relations
St. Gallen is twinned with:
Demographics
Population
St. Gallen has a population (as of ) of . , about 31.4% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. The population has grown at 4.4% per year. Most of the population () speaks German (83.0%), with Italian being second most common (3.7%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (3.7%).[Swiss Federal Statistical Office](_blank)
accessed 11 January 2010 Of the Swiss national languages (), 60,297 speak German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
, 575 people speak French, 2,722 people speak Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
, and 147 people speak Romansh.[
The age distribution, , in St. Gallen is: 6,742 (9.3%) between 0 and 9 years old; 7,595 (10.5%) between 10 and 19; 12,574 (17.3%) between 20 and 29; 11,735 (16.2%) between 30 and 39; 9,535 (13.1%) between 40 and 49; 8,432 (11.6%) between 50 and 59; 6,461 (8.9%) between 60 and 69; 5,633 (7.8%) between 70 and 79; 3,255 (4.5%) between 80 and 89; 655 (0.9%) between 90 and 99; 9 people (0.0%) aged 100 or more.][Canton St. Gallen Statistics-Hauptergebnisse der Volkszählung 2000: Regionen- und Gemeindevergleich-Personen]
accessed 30 December 2009
there were 16,166 people (22.3%) who were living alone in private dwellings; 17,137 (or 23.6%) who were part of a couple (married or otherwise committed) without children, and 27,937 (or 38.5%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 4,533 (or 6.2%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 419 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 475 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 2,296 who lived household made up of unrelated persons, and 3,663 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.[
]
Historical population
The historical population is given in the following table:[
]
Economy
, St. Gallen had an unemployment rate of 2.69%. , there were 336 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 95 businesses involved in this sector. 11,227 people are employed in the secondary sector
In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...
and there are 707 businesses in this sector. 48,729 people are employed in the tertiary sector
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
, with 4,035 businesses in this sector.[ the average unemployment rate was 4.5%. There were 4857 businesses in the municipality of which 689 were involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 4102 were involved in the third. there were 28,399 residents who worked in the municipality, while 8,927 residents worked outside St. Gallen and 31,543 people commuted into the municipality for work.
]Helvetia Insurance
Helvetia is a globally active Swiss insurance group. The group of companies has been organised in a holding structure since 1996. The head office of ''Helvetia Group'' is located in St Gallen.
Corporate structure
The group of companies employ ...
is a major company headquartered in St. Gallen.
Religion
According to the , 31,978 or 44.0% are Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
, while 19,578 or 27.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 112 individuals (or about 0.15% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 3,253 individuals (or about 4.48% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 1,502 individuals (or about 2.07% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 133 individuals (or about 0.18% of the population) who are Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
, and 4,856 (or about 6.69% of the population) who are Muslim. There are 837 individuals (or about 1.15% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 7,221 (or about 9.94% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 3,156 individuals (or about 4.35% of the population) did not answer the question.[
]
Education
St. Gallen is known for its business school, now named the University of St. Gallen
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
(HSG). It was ranked as the top business school in Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
by Wirtschaftswoche
''Wirtschaftswoche'' is a German weekly business news magazine published in Germany. “Wirtschaft” means economy (including business) and “Woche” is week.
History and profile
For many years, ''Wirtschaftswoche'' was published weekly on ...
, a weekly German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
business news magazine and is highly ranked by several other sources. Recently, HSG has been building a reputation for Executive Education, with its International MBA recognised as one of Europe's leading programmes, and runs a PhD programme. HSG is a focused university that offers degrees in business and management, economics, political science and international relations as well as business law. The Master in Management course was Ranked number 1 in 2014 by The Financial Times ahead of HEC Paris. It is comparatively small, with about 6,500 students enrolled at present, has both EQUIS
The EFMD Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) is an international school accreditation system. It specializes in higher education institutions of management and business administration, run by the European Foundation for Management Development (EFM ...
and AACSB
The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, also known as AACSB International, is an American professional organization. It was founded as the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business in 1916 to provide accreditation to ...
accreditations, and is a member of CEMS (Community of European Management Schools). The university maintains student and faculty exchange programs around the world. The University of St. Gallen is also famous for its high density of clubs. Particularly well known is the International Students’ Committee, which has organised the St. Gallen Symposium
The St. Gallen Symposium, formerly known as the ''International Management Symposium'' and the ''ISC-Symposium'', is an annual conference taking place in May at the University of St. Gallen in St. Gallen, Switzerland. It hosts intergenerationa ...
for over forty years. The St. Gallen Symposium is the leading student-run economic conference of its kind worldwide and aims to foster the dialogue between generations.
St. Gallen's state school system contains 64 kindergartens
Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...
, 21 primary schools
A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ed ...
and 7 secondary schools and about 6,800 students. In addition to the state system, St. Gallen is home to the Institut auf dem Rosenberg
Institut auf dem Rosenberg (registered name: Institut auf dem Rosenberg – The Artisans of Education, often referred to as Rosenberg) is a private, international boarding school located in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Established in 1889, it is one ...
— an élite boarding school attracting students from all over the world. The Institut provides an education in English, German and Italian and prepares the students to enter: American, British, Swiss, Italian, German and other European university programmes.
The canton's ''Gewerbliches Berufs- und Weiterbildungszentrum'' is the largest occupational school in Switzerland with over 10,000 students and various specialty institutes. One for example, the ''GBS Schule für Gestaltung'' teaches students design fundamentals in the practice of graphic design. The school is located in Riethüsli, a small section of the city of St. Gallen.
In St. Gallen about 68.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a '' Fachhochschule'').[ Out of the total population in St. Gallen, , the highest education level completed by 15,035 people (20.7% of the population) was Primary, while 27,465 (37.8%) have completed their secondary education, 10,249 (14.1%) have attended a ]Tertiary
Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago.
The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...
school, and 2,910 (4.0%) are not in school. The remainder did not answer this question.[
]
Culture and sightseeing
After the years of Gallus' death, the place became one of the centers of Germanic culture. This is because of the creative works of the monks who followed the footsteps of the city's founder Gallus. This resulted to numerous heritage sites of national significance of the country.
In 1992, St. Gallen was awarded the Wakker Prize
The Wakker Prize (German: ''Wakkerpreis'', French: ''Prix Wakker'', Italian: ''Premio Wakker'') is awarded annually by the Swiss Heritage Society to a Municipality of Switzerland for the development and preservation of its architectural heritag ...
for the city's effort to create a unified structure and appearance in current and future construction.
Heritage sites of national significance
There are 28 sites in St. Gallen that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance, including four religious buildings; the Abbey of St. Gallen, the former Dominican Abbey of St. Katharina, the Reformed Church of St. Laurenzenkirche and the Roman Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
parish church
A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...
of St. Maria Neudorf.
There are six museums or archives in the inventory. This includes the ''Textile museum'', the ''Historical and ethnographical museum'', the Cantonal library and city archives, the ''Art and Natural History museum'', the Museum in Lagerhaus and the St. Gallen State Archive. The entire city of St. Gallen is the only archeological heritage site. Two bridges are listed, the Eisenbahnbrücke BT (railroad bridge) and the ''Kräzern-Strassenbrücke'' with a custom house.
The twelve other sites include the main train station, main post office, University of St. Gallen, Cantonal School, City Theatre and two towers; the ''Lokremise'' with ''Wasserturm'' and the ''Tröckneturm''.
Theatre
* In the modern and somewhat extravagant building of the Theater St. Gallen operas, operettas, ballet, musicals and plays are performed. It has an average utilization of nearly 80 percent.
* Since 2006 a series of open-air operas have been performed in front of the Cathedral starting around the last weekend of June.[St. Gallen festivals]
accessed 26 June 2010
* In the nearby concert hall, Tonhalle St. Gallen
Tonhalle St. Gallen is a concert hall in St. Gallen, Switzerland. It is a cultural centre, a venue for concerts, banquets and meetings. It is the home of the St. Gallen Symphony Orchestra.
History
The concert hall was built between 1906 and 1909, ...
, with its grand art nouveau style, all sorts of concerts (classic, symphony, jazz etc.) are given.
Museums
* ''Historical and ethnographical museum'' (collections of regional early history, city history, folk art, cultural history as well ethnographical collections from all over the world)
* ''Art museum'' (painting and sculptures from the 19th and 20th century)
* ''St. Gallen art gallery'' (national and international modern art)
* ''Natural history museum'' (natural history collection)
* ''Museum in the storehouse'' (Swiss native art and art brut)
* ''Textile museum'' (historical laces, embroidery and cloth)
* ''Lapidarium
A lapidarium is a place where stone (Latin: ) monuments and fragments of archaeological interest are exhibited.
They can include stone epigraphs; statues; architectural elements such as columns, cornices, and acroterions; bas reliefs, tombston ...
of the abbey
An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. Abbeys provide a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns.
The con ...
'' (building blocks from 8th to 17th century)
* ''Point Jaune museum'' (Mail Art
Mail art, also known as postal art and correspondence art, is an artistic movement centered on sending small-scale works through the postal service. It initially developed out of what eventually became Ray Johnson's New York Correspondence Scho ...
, Postpostism, 'Pataphysics
Pataphysics (french: 'pataphysique) is a "philosophy" of science invented by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873–1907) intended to be a parody of science. Difficult to be simply defined or pinned down, it has been described as the "science of imag ...
)
* ''Beer bottle museum'' (located at the Schützengarten brewery—the oldest brewery in Switzerland)
Music
* The
symphony orchestra St. Gallen
' performs as the Orchestra of the City Theatre, presents numerous symphony concerts in the City Concert Hall.
* During the summer open-air opera and various concerts are performed at numerous locations in town.[
* The well know]
St. Gallen Open Air Festival
takes place in the nearby Sitter Valley the first weekend in July.
* St. Gallen is home to th
Nordklang Festival
which takes place in February.
Buildings
* ''Drei Weieren'' (three artificial water basins from the zenith of the textile industry with art nouveau-bath house
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other cr ...
s; reachable by the Mühleggbahn (train) from 1893). The Drei Weieren is a water park by day and a gathering place for young people by night. This results in many complaints by people who live in the vicinity about noise, drug abuse and vandalism. Locals jokingly call the three basins "Lakes with the most THC
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified on the plant. Although the chemical formula for THC (C21H30O2) describes multiple isomers, the term ''THC' ...
in the country". The young people who spend their time there claim that the Drei Weieren is a place where they can spend their time in a consumer-free environment.
* ''Convent of St. Gall'' with the famous ''library'' and ''abbey
An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. Abbeys provide a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns.
The con ...
'' (UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
)
* ''Greek Orthodox Church of St.Constantine and Helena'', Athonite icons and a stained glass window of the Last Judgement.
* '' Wegelin & Co.'', the oldest bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets.
Because ...
in Switzerland, founded in 1741
* ''Tröckneturm Schönenwegen''; the tower was built 1828 and was used to hang up freshly colored cloth panels for drying.
* ''Protestant church Linsebühl'', an impressive new renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD ...
building dating from 1897
* ''University of St. Gallen
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
'' (HSG; University for Business Administration, Economics and Law with an excellent reputation in the German-speaking world), founded 1898.
* ''Embroidery exchange'', splendid building with the god of trade Hermes
Hermes (; grc-gre, wikt:Ἑρμῆς, Ἑρμῆς) is an Olympian deity in ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology. Hermes is considered the herald of the gods. He is also considered the protector of human heralds, travelle ...
on its roof.
* ''Volksbad'', the oldest public bathhouse still in operation in Switzerland dating from 1908.
* ''Catholic church of St. Martin'' in the Bruggen district; the concrete church built in 1936 was at that time glaringly modern.
* 1992 the city of St. Gallen received the Wakker Prize
The Wakker Prize (German: ''Wakkerpreis'', French: ''Prix Wakker'', Italian: ''Premio Wakker'') is awarded annually by the Swiss Heritage Society to a Municipality of Switzerland for the development and preservation of its architectural heritag ...
.
* Stadtlounge (City Lounge) – a pedestrian area in the city center designed to represent a lounge room, but in the street.
* Synagogue St. Gallen – Built by the architects Chiodera and Tschudy, it is the only synagogue in the Lake Constance region that has been preserved in its original state.
Parks
* ''Wildlife park Peter and Paul
Wildlife refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. Wildlife was also synonymous to game: those birds and mammals that were hunted fo ...
''
* City park at the theater
* Cantonal school park
Regular events
* The St. Gallen Symposium
The St. Gallen Symposium, formerly known as the ''International Management Symposium'' and the ''ISC-Symposium'', is an annual conference taking place in May at the University of St. Gallen in St. Gallen, Switzerland. It hosts intergenerationa ...
attracts about 600 personalities from economics, science, politics and society to the University of St. Gallen every year. It hosts the world's largest student essay competition of its kind with about 1,000 participants, of whom the 100 best contributions are selected to participate in the St. Gallen Symposium. The Symposium celebrated its 40th anniversary in May 2010.
* OLMA, traditional Swiss Fair for Agriculture and Nutrition in autumn as well as numerous other exhibitions at the OLMA Fairs St. Gallen.
* OpenAir St. Gallen is an annual open air festival in the Sitter Valley.
* Children's Feast, a triennial observance, originally a product of the textile industry.
* Nordklang Festival takes place in multiple sites around St. Gallen.
Sport
* The football club FC St. Gallen
Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879, commonly known as St. Gallen, is a Swiss professional football club based in the city of St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen. As of the 2022–23 season, the team competes in the Swiss Super League.
History
Founde ...
play in the Swiss Super League. They are the oldest football club in Switzerland and oldest in continental Europe, founded in 1879. Their stadium is the kybunpark.
* The football club SC Brühl
Sportclub Brühl St. Gallen is a football club based in St. Gallen
, neighboring_municipalities = Eggersriet, Gaiserwald, Gossau, Herisau (AR), Mörschwil, Speicher (AR), Stein (AR), Teufen (AR), Untereggen, Wittenbach
, twintowns ...
play in the 1. Liga Promotion. Their stadium is the Paul-Grüninger-Stadion.
* EHC St. Gallen EHC may refer to:
* Eastern Harbour Crossing, a transport tunnel in Hong Kong
* EHC Hoensbroek, a Dutch football club
* The Electric Hellfire Club, an American industrial metal band
* Encompass Health, an American healthcare provider
* Environmenta ...
plays in the Swiss Second League, the fourth tier of Swiss ice hockey.
* The Rugby Club St. Gallen Bishops (Men) was founded in 1990 and Cindies (Women) in 2014. They play at the Grundenmoos sports fields.
Transportation
The large urban area Zurich is 80 km south-west of St. Gallen, a 60-minute drive or train ride ( ICN train).
Road transportation
The A1 motorway links St. Gallen with St. Margrethen, Zurich, Bern and Geneva
, neighboring_municipalities= Carouge, Chêne-Bougeries, Cologny, Lancy, Grand-Saconnex, Pregny-Chambésy, Vernier, Veyrier
, website = https://www.geneve.ch/
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevr ...
. In 1987 the city motorway was opened, which conveys the traffic through two tunnels (Rosenberg and Stefanshorn) almost directly below the city center.
Air transportation
The Airport St. Gallen-Altenrhein, near Lake of Constance
Lake Constance (german: Bodensee, ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: Upper Lake Constance (''Obersee''), Lower Lake Constance (''Untersee''), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Lake ...
, provides scheduled airline flights to Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
and other destinations.
Public transport
By rail and tram
St. Gallen railway station
St. Gallen railway station (german: Bahnhof St. Gallen) serves the town St. Gallen, the capital of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge St. Gallen–Winterthur, Rorschach–St. Gallen, and ...
is part of the national Swiss Federal Railways network and has InterCity
InterCity (commonly abbreviated ''IC'' on timetables and tickets) is the classification applied to certain long-distance passenger train services in Europe. Such trains (in contrast to regional, local, or commuter trains) generally call at m ...
connections to Zurich and the Zurich Airport
Zürich Airport (), french: Aéroport de Zurich, it, Aeroporto di Zurigo, rm, Eroport da Turitg is the largest international airport of Switzerland and the principal hub of Swiss International Air Lines. It serves Zürich, Switzerland's la ...
every half-hour. St. Gallen is the hub for many private railways
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
such as the Südostbahn
The Südostbahn ( German, literally meaning "South-Eastern Railway") – commonly abbreviated to SOB – is a Swiss adhesion railway company, and a network in Central and Eastern Switzerland. It resulted from the merger of the original SOB ...
(SOB), connecting St. Gallen with Lucerne, the Appenzeller Bahnen, which operates the Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen railway
The Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen railway, also known as the Durchmesserlinie (diameter line), is a Metre-gauge railway, metre gauge Interurban, overland tramway in the Swiss cantons of Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and ...
, connecting to Appenzell and Trogen, and also serves as a tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
in downtown.
By bus
The city has a dense local bus system, including the city's trolleybus network, which is operated by the VBSG and is well established on the valley floor, but less so on the hills. As St. Gallen is located near the Appenzell mountain area, it offers also many Postauto
PostAuto Switzerland, PostBus Ltd. (known as in Swiss Standard German (), in Swiss French (), in Swiss Italian (), and in Romansh () is a subsidiary company of the Swiss Post, which provides regional and rural bus services throughout Sw ...
(post bus) connections. The agglomeration also has its own St. Gallen S-Bahn system (overground local trains).
Expansion - St. Gallen 2013
The "St. Gallen 2013" project aimed to improve local rail services, with infrastructure upgrades and new rolling stock. By December 2013, S-Bahn
The S-Bahn is the name of hybrid urban-suburban rail systems serving a metropolitan region in German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble c ...
services would run on six lines, at intervals of 15 to 30 minutes.
Notable people
Early times
* Joachim Vadian
Joachim Vadian (29 November 1484 – 6 April 1551), born as Joachim von Watt, was a humanist, scholar, mayor and reformer in St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Biography
Vadian was born in St. Gallen into a family of wealthy and influential linen mer ...
(1484–1551), a Swiss humanist, scholar, mayor and reformer in St. Gallen
* Johannes Zollikofer
Johannes Zollikofer (born 29 December 1633 in St. Gallen; died 23 April 1692 in Herisau) was a Swiss reformed vicar.
Life and work
Johannes Zollikofer studied in Zürich and Basel. At the age of twenty he was called as a German vicar to Geneva. ...
(1633–1692), a Swiss reformed vicar
* Georg Gsell (1673–1740), a Baroque painter, art consultant and art dealer
* Michael Schlatter
Michael Schlatter (14 July 1716 St. Gallen, Switzerland – 31 October 1790 near Philadelphia) was an American German Reformed clergyman.
Biography
Schlatter was educated at the gymnasium of St. Gallen, after which he was tutored in theology, ...
(1716–1790), an American German Reformed clergyman
* Rev. John Joachim Zubly (1724–1781), a Swiss-born American pastor, planter and statesman during the American Revolution
* Adrian Zingg
Adrian Zingg (April 15, 1734, St.Gallen – May 26, 1816, Leipzig) was a Swiss painter.
Life
Adrian Zingg received his professional training with his father, the steel cutter Bartolomäus Zingg, then became an apprentice with the engra ...
(1734–1816), painter, draftsman, etcher, engraver
* Prof Christopher Girtanner FRSE (1760–1800), a short-lived but influential Swiss author, physician and chemist
* Johann Baptist Isenring
Johann Baptist Isenring (12 May 1796, Lütisburg - 9 April 1860, St. Gallen) was a Swiss landscape painter and printer. He was also the first Daguerrotypist in Switzerland.
Life and work
As a boy, he completed a carpentry apprenticeship in Z ...
(1796–1860), a landscape painter, printer and Daguerrotypist
19th century
* Gall Morel
Gall Morel, O.S.B., was a poet, scholar, aesthete, and educationist, born at St. Gallen, Switzerland, on 24 March 1803; died at the Abbey of Einsiedeln on 16 December 1872. His baptismal name was Benedict, but in the monastery he took the name of ...
(1803–1872), a poet, scholar, aesthete and educationist
* Arnold Otto Aepli (1816–1897), a jurist and statesman, President of the Swiss Council of States 1868–1869
* Johann Jakob Weilenmann (1819–1896), a mountaineer and Alpine writer, made many first ascents in the Alps
* Karl Hoffmann (1820–1895), a politician, President of the Swiss Council of States, 1877–1878 and 1889–1890
* Ernst Götzinger (1837–1896), a Germanist and historian
* Alphonse Bory Alphonse Bory (15 October 1838 – 8 April 1891) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States
The Council of States (german: Ständerat, french: Conseil des États, it, Consiglio degli Stati, rm, Cussegl dals Stadis) i ...
(1838–1891), a politician, President of the Swiss Council of States 1886–1887
* Johannes Dierauer (1842–1920), an historian and librarian of the Stadtbibliothek Vadiana
* Samuel Oettli Samuel Oettli (29 July 1846, in St. Gallen – 23 September 1911, in Illenau near Achern) was a Swiss Protestant theologian, who specialized in Old Testament studies.
He studied theology at the universities Basel, Zürich and Göttingen, and ...
(1846–1911), a Protestant theologian, specialized in Old Testament studies
* Adolf Schlatter
Adolf Schlatter (16 August 1852 – 19 May 1938) was a world-leading Protestant theologian and professor specialising in the New Testament and systematics at Greifswald, Berlin and Tübingen. Schlatter has published more than 400 scholarly and po ...
(1852–1938), a Protestant theologian and professor of the New Testament
* Arthur Hoffmann (1857–1927), a politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council 1911–1917
* Robert Emden
Jacob Robert Emden (4 March 1862 – 8 October 1940) was a Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist. He is best known for his book, ''Gaskugeln: Anwendungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie auf kosmologische und meteorologische probleme'' (Gas sphe ...
(1862–1940), an astrophysicist and meteorologist
* Julius Billeter
Julius Billeter, Jr. (October 14, 1869 – July 9, 1957) was a Switzerland, Swiss genealogist.
Biography
Billeter was the second of ten children and eldest son of Julius Billeter Sr. (1842–1922) and Barbara Billeter (; 1843–1930). Barbara Z ...
(1869–1957), a genealogist and Mormon missionary
* Ernst Rüdin
Ernst Rüdin (19 April 1874 – 22 October 1952) was a Swiss-born German psychiatrist, geneticist, eugenicist and Nazi, rising to prominence under Emil Kraepelin and assuming the directorship at the German Institute for Psychiatric Rese ...
(1874–1952), a German psychiatrist, geneticist, eugenicist and Nazi
* Martha Cunz
Martha Cunz (24 February 1876 – 15 May 1961) was a Swiss artist who is best known as a printmaker. As one of the earliest 20th-century European artists to master the modernist woodcut, she was influential on other artists.
Education and trave ...
(1876–1961), an artist and printmaker, mastered the modernist woodcut
* Joseph Joos
Joseph Joos (1878–1965) was a prominent German intellectual and politician. As a Member of Parliament in Weimar, Joseph Joos grew to become one of the leading voices of the Christian Democratic Union in Germany. His convictions led him to beco ...
(1878–1965), a German intellectual, politician and MP in Weimar, lived in St Gallen 1960-1965
* Franz Riklin
Franz Beda Riklin (22 April 1878, in St. Gallen – 4 December 1938, in Küsnacht) was a Swiss psychiatrist.
Early in his career, Franz Riklin worked at the Burghölzli Hospital in Zurich under Eugen Bleuler (b.1857–d.1939), and studied ex ...
(1878–1938), a psychiatrist, worked with Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philo ...
* Otto Schlaginhaufen (1879–1973), an anthropologist, ethnologist and eugenicist
* Heinrich Greinacher (1880–1974), a physicist, developed the magnetron
The cavity magnetron is a high-power vacuum tube used in early radar systems and currently in microwave ovens and linear particle accelerators. It generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while ...
and the Greinacher multiplier
* Fritz Platten
Fritz Platten (8 July 1883 – 22 April 1942) was a Swiss communist politician and one of the founders of the Communist International.
Early life
Platten was born in the village of Tablat, now part of St. Gallen, on 8 July 1883, to and Old Cathol ...
(1883–1942), a Swiss Communist, the main organizer of Lenin's return trip to Russia from exile in Switzerland
* Regina Ullmann
Regina "Rega" Ullmann (14 December 1884 – 6 January 1961) was a Swiss poet and writer.
Life
Ullmann was the second daughter of a Jewish-Austrian embroidery businessman, Richard Ullmann, and his German wife Hedwig. She was born in the Swiss ...
(1884–1961), a poet and storyteller
* Paul Scherrer
Paul Hermann Scherrer (3 February 1890 – 25 September 1969) was a Swiss physicist. Born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, he studied at Göttingen, Germany, before becoming a lecturer there. Later, Scherrer became head of the Department of Physics ...
(1890–1969), a physicist, proponent of Switzerland developing its own nuclear weapons
* Karl Kobelt
Karl Kobelt (1 August 1891, in St. Gallen – 6 January 1968) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council.
He was elected to the Federal Council on 10 December 1940 and handed over office on 31 December 1954. He was affiliated ...
(1891–1968), politician, President of the Confederation in 1946 and 1952
* Paul Grüninger (1891–1972), police captain, now recognized as one of the Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations ( he, חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, ; "righteous (plural) of the world's nations") is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to sa ...
as he saved about 3,600 Jewish refugees by backdating their visas, for which he was sacked
* Charles Stoffel (1893–1970), a sportsman, competed in the 1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China holds ...
and 1928 Winter Olympics
The 1928 Winter Olympics, officially known as the II Olympic Winter Games (french: IIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; german: II. Olympische Winterspiele; it, II Giochi olimpici invernali; rm, II Gieus olimpics d'enviern) and commonly known as St. M ...
and the 1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China holds ...
and 1928 Summer Olympics
* Walter Mittelholzer
Walter Mittelholzer (2 April 1894 – 9 May 1937) was a Swiss aviation pioneer. He was active as a pilot, photographer, travel writer, as well as of the first aviation entrepreneurs.
Life
Born on 2 April 1894 in St. Gallen as the son of a baker ...
(1894–1937), an aviation pioneer, pilot, photographer and travel writer
* Ottó Misángyi (1895–1977), a Hungarian athletics coach, sports official and university professor
* Thomas Holenstein
Thomas Holenstein (7 February 1896 – 31 October 1962) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1955–1959).
Holenstein studied law at the University of Bern, finishing in 1920. He then worked as a lawyer in his ...
(1896–1962), politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council 1955–1959
20th century
* Jolanda Neff
Jolanda Neff (born 5 January 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who primarily rides in the cross-country cycling and cyclo-cross disciplines, for the Trek Factory Racing team. She won the gold medal in the women's cross-country event at the 2020 Summer ...
(born 1993), an olympian, cross-country cyclist
* Berta Rahm (1910–1998), an architect, writer, publisher and feminist activist
* Bärbel Inhelder
Bärbel Elisabeth Inhelder (15 April 1913 – 17 February 1997) was a Swiss psychologist most known for her work under psychologist and epistemologist Jean Piaget and their contributions toward child development.
Born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, ...
(1913–1997), a psychologist and epistemologist particularly regards child development
* Peter Maag
Ernst Peter Johannes Maag (10 May 1919 – 16 April 2001) was a Swiss conductor.
Early life
Peter Maag was born on 10 May 1919 in St. Gallen, Switzerland and died on 16 April 2001 in Verona, Italy.
His father, Otto, was a Lutheran minister, ...
(1919–2001), a conductor
* Walter Roderer
Walter Roderer (3 July 1920 – 8 May 2012) was a Swiss actor and screenwriter. He played several leading film roles including the 1959 comedy '' The Model Husband''.Goble p.228
Selected filmography
Actor
* '' Der 10. Mai'' (1957)
* '' The M ...
(1920–2012), an actor and screenwriter
* Kevin Fiala
Kevin Fiala (born 22 July 1996) is a Swiss professional ice hockey left winger for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He spent one season with the Malmö Redhawks junior team, then joined HV71, splitting a season between ...
(1996 – present), an NHL
The National Hockey League (NHL; french: Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH, ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America comprising 32 teams—25 in the United States and 7 in Canada. It is considered to be the top ranked professional ...
player for the Minnesota Wild
The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wild competes in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference and play their home games at the Xcel Ener ...
* Kurt Furgler
Kurt Furgler (24 June 1924 – 23 July 2008) was a Switzerland, Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1972–1986).
He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 8 December 1971 and handed over office on 31 Decembe ...
(1924–2008) a politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council 1972–1986
* Fred Iklé
Fred Charles Iklé (August 21, 1924 – November 10, 2011) was a Swiss-American sociologist and defense expert. Iklé's expertise was in defense and foreign policy, nuclear strategy, and the role of technology in the emerging international order. ...
(1924–2011) a sociologist and defense expert in the US defense policy establishment
* Fred Hayman
Fred Jules Pollag (May 29, 1925 – April 14, 2016), known professionally as Fred Hayman, was a Swiss-born American fashion retailer and entrepreneur, founder of Giorgio Beverly Hills in 1961 in Beverly Hills, California. He was also known as "Mr. ...
(1925–2016) an American fashion retailer and entrepreneur
* Hansrudi Wäscher (1928–2016) a Swiss-German comics artist and comics author
* Peter Hildebrand Meienberg
Peter Hildebrand Meienberg (27 November 1929 – 3 December 2021) was a Swiss Benedictine missionary who spent more than 50 years in East Africa working on refugee aid, prison reform, education, and other social determinants of health. He is know ...
(1929–2021) a Swiss Benedictine Missionary based in East Africa
* Ines Torelli (born 1931) a comedian, radio personality and stage, voice and film actress
* Max Meier (born 1936) a boxer, competed in the men's welterweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The 1960 Summer Olympics ( it, Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( it, Giochi della XVII Olimpiade) and commonly known as Rome 1960 ( it, Roma 1960), were an international multi-sport event held ...
* Hugo Tschirky
Hugo Tschirky (20 January 1938 – 10 October 2020) was a Swiss scientist in the field of management science. He contributed mainly to the emerging disciplines of technology management and innovation study. Tschirky's activities in research and i ...
(born 1938) a scientist, studies management science, technology management and innovation study
* Hans Eugen Frischknecht (born 1939), a composer and organist
* Niklaus Meienberg
Niklaus Meienberg (11 May 1940 – 22 September 1993) was a Swiss writer and investigative journalist.
Meienberg lived in Zürich and published 14 books in his lifetime. His works were primarily about recent Swiss history. His texts are used ...
(1940–1993) a writer and investigative journalist
* Ruth Dreifuss
Ruth Dreifuss (born 9 January 1940 in St. Gallen) is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva.
She was elected to the Swis ...
(born 1940) a politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council 1993–2002
* Dieter Mobius
Dieter Moebius (16 January 1944 – 20 July 2015) was a Swiss-born German electronic musician and composer, best known as a member of the influential krautrock bands Cluster and Harmonia.
Moebius was studying art at Berlin's Akademie Grafik an ...
(1944–2015) a German electronic musician and composer
* Daniel Thürer
Daniel Thürer (born 6 June 1945 in St. Gallen) is a Swiss jurist and professor emeritus of international, comparative constitutional and European law at the University of Zurich. He is a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross, a ...
(born 1945), a jurist and law professor
* Karl Ammann (born 1948), a conservationist and wildlife photographer in the Congo basin
* Josef Flammer (born 1948), an ophthalmologist.
* Paola del Medico
Paola del Medico Felix (born 5 October 1950) is a Swiss singer.
Career
Born in Saint-Gall to an Italian father and a Swiss mother, Paola del Medico has sung mostly in German and French. She represented Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Cont ...
(born 1950) a singer, she sang for Switzerland in the 1969
This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon.
Events January
* January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco.
* January 5
**Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
and 1980 Eurovision Song Contest
The Eurovision Song Contest 1980 was the 25th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in The Hague, Netherlands, and was organised by host broadcaster Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS) – which agreed to stage the event af ...
* Christophe Boesch
Christophe Boesch (born 11 August 1951 in St. Gallen, Switzerland) is a primatologist who studies chimpanzees. He and his wife work together, and he has both written articles and directed documentaries about chimpanzees.
He is of French and Swis ...
(born 1951), a primatologist who studies chimpanzees
* Peter Liechti Peter Liechti (January 8, 1951 – 4 April 2014) was a Swiss movie director. He was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland.
He directed over 100 Swiss-German movies. He was nominated for many awards. Most of his movies were shown at the Berlin Interna ...
(1951–2014) a movie director
* René Tinner
René Tinner (born February 18, 1953, in St. Gallen) is a Swiss recording engineer and producer, who has produced over 200 studio records and numerous live performances.
Career
Tinner began his career as the audio engineer of the German ro ...
(born 1953) a recording engineer and producer IMDb Database
retrieved 3 December 2018
* Hans Fässler (born 1954) an historian, politician, satirical revue artist, political activist and teacher of English
* Simone Drexel (born 1957) a singer and songwriter, she sang for Switzerland in the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest
The Eurovision Song Contest 1975 was the 20th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Stockholm, Sweden, following the country's victory at the with the song " Waterloo" by ABBA. Organised by the European Broadcasting Un ...
* Susan Boos
Susan Boos (born 1963, Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland) is a Swiss journalist and publicist. Since 2005, she is the editor-in-chief of WOZ Die Wochenzeitung. Since 2021 she has been the president of the Swiss Press Council.
Life
Boos grew up in ...
(born 1963) a journalist, writes on nuclear and energy policy
* Michael Hengartner
Michael Otmar Hengartner (born 5 June 1966, St. Gallen, Switzerland) is a Swiss-Canadians, Canadian biochemist and Molecular biology, molecular biologist. From February 2020 he has been president of the ETH Board. Before that he was the presiden ...
(born 1966) a Swiss-Canadian biochemist and molecular biologist
* Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein
Prince Maximilian Nikolaus Maria of Liechtenstein (born 16 May 1969), known professionally as Max von Liechtenstein, is a member of the Liechtenstein princely family and businessman. He is the second son of Prince Hans-Adam II and Princess Ma ...
(born 1969) CEO of the LGT Group
LGT Group is the largest family-owned private banking and asset management group in the world. LGT, originally known as The Liechtenstein Global Trust, is owned by the princely House of Liechtenstein through the Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation ...
* Monika Fischer (born 1971) with Mathias Braschler is a photographer of portrait projects
* Marco Zwyssig (born 1971), a retired football defender, 302 club caps and 20 for the national team
* Aurelia Frick
Aurelia Frick (born 19 September 1975) is a Liechtensteiner politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education and Culture from 2009 until 2019.
Frick is a Doctor of law.
Personal life
She is married, has a son and a daughter and ...
(born 1975), a Liechtensteiner politician, the current Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education and Culture.
* David Philip Hefti
David Philip Hefti (born 1975) is a Swiss composer and conductor.
Career
Born in St. Gallen, Hefti studied composition, conducting, clarinet and chamber music with Wolfgang Rihm, Cristóbal Halffter, Wolfgang Meyer, Rudolf Kelterborn and Elmar ...
(born 1975), a composer and conductor
* Dominik Meichtry
Dominik Meichtry (born November 18, 1984) is a Swiss competitive swimmer specializing in the middle distance freestyle events. He currently holds six Swiss national records (long course and short course).
Meichtry has won 31 individual Swi ...
(born 1984), a competitive middle distance freestyle swimmer
* Tranquillo Barnetta (born 1985), a professional footballer, nearly 500 team caps and 75 for the national team
* Nevin Galmarini
Nevin Galmarini (born 4 December 1986) is a Swiss snowboarder and Olympic Champion. In February 2018, Nevin Galmarini won a gold medal at the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea in the Parallel giant slalom. In 2009, he won the Swiss nati ...
(born 1986), a snowboarder, gold medallist at the 2018 Winter Olympics
The 2018 Winter Olympics ( ko, 2018년 동계 올림픽, Icheon sip-pal nyeon Donggye Ollimpik), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (french: Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; ko, 제23회 동계 올림픽, Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpi ...
* Linda Fäh
Linda Fäh (born 10 November 1987) is a Swiss singer, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Switzerland
Miss Switzerland or Miss Universe Switzerland (german: link=no, Miss Schweiz; french: link=no, Miss Suisse; it, link ...
(born 1987), a model and beauty pageant titleholder, Miss Switzerland
Miss Switzerland or Miss Universe Switzerland (german: link=no, Miss Schweiz; french: link=no, Miss Suisse; it, link=no, Miss Svizzera) is a national Beauty pageant in Switzerland. The pageant was founded in 1951, where the winners were sen ...
2009
See also
* List of mayors of St. Gallen
Notes and references
External links
*
*
St. Gallen Symposium
*
*
QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) images of St. Gallen
University of St Gallen
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:S Gallen
Cities in Switzerland
Cantonal capitals of Switzerland
Saint Gallen
, neighboring_municipalities = Eggersriet, Gaiserwald, Gossau, Herisau (AR), Mörschwil, Speicher (AR), Stein (AR), Teufen (AR), Untereggen, Wittenbach
, twintowns = Liberec (Czech Republic)
, website = ...
Saint Gallen
, neighboring_municipalities = Eggersriet, Gaiserwald, Gossau, Herisau (AR), Mörschwil, Speicher (AR), Stein (AR), Teufen (AR), Untereggen, Wittenbach
, twintowns = Liberec (Czech Republic)
, website = ...
Saint Gallen
, neighboring_municipalities = Eggersriet, Gaiserwald, Gossau, Herisau (AR), Mörschwil, Speicher (AR), Stein (AR), Teufen (AR), Untereggen, Wittenbach
, twintowns = Liberec (Czech Republic)
, website = ...
Saint Gallen
, neighboring_municipalities = Eggersriet, Gaiserwald, Gossau, Herisau (AR), Mörschwil, Speicher (AR), Stein (AR), Teufen (AR), Untereggen, Wittenbach
, twintowns = Liberec (Czech Republic)
, website = ...
States and territories established in 1401
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of St. Gallen
States and territories disestablished in 1648