The St. Alban's Tavern group was an informal association of 78

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

Members of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...

who aimed to bring about a reconciliation of

William Pitt the Younger William Pitt the Younger (28 May 175923 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain (before the Acts of Union 1800) and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ire ...

and

Charles James Fox Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-riv ...

in a unified Ministry. They were named after the St. Alban's Tavern where the members met from January 1784.

Background

The group were largely composed of 'independent country gentlemen' who held themselves free from party allegiance. On 26 January 1784 the group came to a resolution "to support the party who should in the present distracted moment manifest a disposition to union". Given the weakness of Pitt's government, which was in a minority in the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

, he accepted the group's proposition but insisted that a government must be formed "with principle and honour". Fox spoke through the Duke of Portland, who had been titular Prime Minister during the Fox-North Coalition: the Duke insisted that Pitt had come to power through unconstitutional means, and therefore must first resign before a new Ministry was appointed. In reality, neither Pitt nor Fox believed the group had any prospect of success, but both felt obliged to treat them with respect. Possibly in ignorance of the personal bitterness between Pitt and Fox, the promoters of reconciliation are described as "well-meaning and naive" by the History of Parliament. The failure of negotiations left the group itself split, with 45 members supporting Pitt and 30 supporting Fox.

Members of the group

The membership of the group was published in the ''

Annual Register ''The Annual Register'' (originally subtitled "A View of the History, Politicks and Literature of the Year ...") is a long-established reference work, written and published each year, which records and analyses the year's major events, developmen ...

'' for 1784. Analysis in the introductory survey to the History of Parliament 1754-1790 indicates that five of the 78 were from Scottish constituencies, and a large proportion of the members were returned from English counties. The leader was Thomas Grosvenor, MP for

Chester Chester is a cathedral city and the county town of Cheshire, England. It is located on the River Dee, close to the English–Welsh border. With a population of 79,645 in 2011,"2011 Census results: People and Population Profile: Chester Loca ...

, who on 2 February 1784 successfully moved a House of Commons motion which called "for a firm, efficient, extended and united Administration". The members of the group were: {, class="wikitable" , - , colspan="3" bgcolor="ccccff" , , - , Member , Constituency , First elected , - , Francis Annesley. ,

Reading Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of Letter (alphabet), letters, symbols, etc., especially by Visual perception, sight or Somatosensory system, touch. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process invo ...

, 1774 , - , Sir John Barrington, Bt. , Newtown (Isle of Wight) , 1780 , - , Hon. George Cranfield Berkeley ,

Gloucester Gloucester ( ) is a cathedral city and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West of England. Gloucester lies on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean to the west, east of Monmouth and east ...

, 1783 , - , Richard Wilbraham-Bootle. ,

, , 1761 , - , Hon. William Henry Bouverie ,

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, 1776, , - ,

Thomas Berney Bramston Thomas Berney Bramston (1733–1813) was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1779 to 1802. Bramston was the only son of Thomas Bramston of Skreens and his second wife Elizabeth Berney, daughter of Richard Berney ...

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Essex Essex () is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and G ...

, 1779 , - , The Viscount Bulkeley ,

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, 1774 , - , John Buller. ,

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, 1768 , - , Sir George Cornewall, Bt ,

Herefordshire Herefordshire () is a county in the West Midlands of England, governed by Herefordshire Council. It is bordered by Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh counties of Monmouthshire ...

, 1774 , - , Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton, Bt ,

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, 1780 , - ,

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, 1780 , - , Thomas, Baron Dimsdale ,

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, 1780 , - , William Drake, Jr. ,

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Dunbartonshire Dunbartonshire ( gd, Siorrachd Dhùn Breatann) or the County of Dumbarton is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the west central Lowlands of Scotland lying to the north of the River Clyde. Dunbartonshire borders P ...

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, 1782 , - , William Ewer. , Dorchester , 1765 , - ,

Archibald Campbell Fraser Archibald Campbell Fraser of Lovat, (16 August 1736 – 8 December 1815) was British consul at Tripoli and Algiers, and later colonel of the 1st Inverness local militia. Upon the death of his brother, Simon Fraser of Lovat, Simon Fraser (1726– ...

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, 1782 , - , Thomas Gilbert. ,

Lichfield Lichfield () is a cathedral city and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. Lichfield is situated roughly south-east of the county town of Stafford, south-east of Rugeley, north-east of Walsall, north-west of Tamworth and south-west of B ...

, 1763 , - ,

Ambrose Goddard Ambrose Goddard (c. 1727–1815) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1772 to 1806. Goddard was the third son of Ambrose Goddard and his wife Elizabeth Awdry, daughter of Ambrose Awdry of Seend, Wiltshire. He was educat ...

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Wiltshire Wiltshire (; abbreviated Wilts) is a historic and ceremonial county in South West England with an area of . It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset to the southwest, Somerset to the west, Hampshire to the southeast, Gloucestershire ...

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, 1780 , - , Sir Henry Gough ,

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, 1774 , - , Thomas Grosvenor ,

, 1755 , - , (Sir) Benjamin Hammet ,

Taunton Taunton () is the county town of Somerset, England, with a 2011 population of 69,570. Its thousand-year history includes a 10th-century monastic foundation, Taunton Castle, which later became a priory. The Normans built a castle owned by the ...

, 1782 , - , Thomas Harley ,

, 1761 , - , E. Hervey, esq. , , , - , Sir Harry Hoghton, Bt , Preston , 1768 , - ,

Arthur Holdsworth Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more w ...

, Dartmouth , 1780 , - ,

Filmer Honywood Filmer Honywood (c. 1745 – 2 June 1809) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1774 and 1806. Honywood was the son of Sir John Honywood, 3rd Baronet and his second wife Dorothy Filmer, daughter ...

Kent Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...

, 1774 , - , Sir Richard Hotham ,

Southwark Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...

, 1780 , - ,

Sir George Howard Field Marshal Sir George Howard KB, PC (17 June 1718 – 16 July 1796) was a British military officer and politician. After commanding the 3rd Regiment of Foot at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745 during the War of the Austrian Succession ...

, Stamford , 1761 , - , William Hussey. ,

, 1765 , - ,

Benjamin Keene Sir Benjamin Keene (1697–1757) was a British diplomat, who was British Ambassador to Spain from 1729 to 1739, then again from 1748 until his death in Madrid in December 1757. He has been described as "by far the most prominent British agent in ...

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

, 1776 , - , Thomas Kemp ,

Lewes Lewes () is the county town of East Sussex, England. It is the police and judicial centre for all of Sussex and is home to Sussex Police, East Sussex Fire & Rescue Service, Lewes Crown Court and HMP Lewes. The civil parish is the centre of ...

, 1780 , - ,

Richard Payne Knight Richard Payne Knight (11 February 1751 – 23 April 1824) of Downton Castle in Herefordshire, and of 5 Soho Square,History of Parliament biography London, England, was a classical scholar, connoisseur, archaeologist and numismatist best k ...

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, 1780 , - , Sir Robert Lawley, Bt ,

Warwickshire Warwickshire (; abbreviated Warks) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, and the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare at Stratford-upon-Avon an ...

, 1780 , - , Sir William Lemon ,

Cornwall Cornwall (; kw, Kernow ) is a historic county and ceremonial county in South West England. It is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people. Cornwall is bordered to the north and west by the Atlantic ...

, 1770 , - , James Tylney Long ,

Devizes Devizes is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It developed around Devizes Castle, an 11th-century Norman architecture, Norman castle, and received a charter in 1141. The castle was besieged during the Anarchy, a 12th-century ...

, 1762 , - , Lieutenant the Hon. James Luttrell , Stockbridge , 1775 , - , Hon General Luttrell ,

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, 1768 , - , William Lygon ,

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, 1775 , - ,

Sir Horatio Mann Sir Horatio (Horace) Mann, 2nd Baronet (2 February 1744 – 2 April 1814) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1807. He is remembered as a member of the Hambledon Club in Hampshire and a patron of Kent cricket ...

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, 1774 , - , Hon. Charles Marsham Bt ,

, 1768 , - , Sir Joseph Mawbey, Bt ,

Surrey Surrey () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England, bordering Greater London to the south west. Surrey has a large rural area, and several significant urban areas which form part of the Greater London Built-up Area. ...

, 1761 , - , Sir Roger Mostyn, Bt ,

Flintshire , settlement_type = County , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = , image_flag = , image_shield = Arms of Flint ...

, 1758 , - , John Parry ,

Caernarvonshire , HQ= County Hall, Caernarfon , Map= , Image= Flag , Motto= Cadernid Gwynedd (The strength of Gwynedd) , year_start= , Arms= ''Coat of arms of Caerna ...

, 1780 , - ,

Henry Peirse (younger) Henry Peirse (c. 1754–1824) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 50 years from 1774 to 1824. Early life Peirce was the son of Henry Peirse MP of Bedale, Yorkshire and his wife Anne Johnson. His father died in 1759 and ...

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, 1774 , - ,

William Pochin William is a masculine given name of Norman French origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conques ...

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, 1780 , - , Thomas Powys ,

Northamptonshire Northamptonshire (; abbreviated Northants.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. In 2015, it had a population of 723,000. The county is administered by two unitary authorities: North Northamptonshire and West Northamptonshire. It is ...

, 1774 , - ,

William Praed William Praed (24 June 1747 – 9 October 1833) was an English businessman, banker, and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1808. He is not to be confused with his first cousin of the same name, William Mackworth Praed, serj ...

, St Ives , 1774 , - ,

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, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis , 1770 , - , Sir Walter Rawlinson ,

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, 1774 , - ,

Abraham Rawlinson Abraham Rawlinson (1738–24 May, 1803) was an English politician and merchant. He came from a prominent Quaker family which traded out of the port of Lancaster. Rawlinson served as one of two Members of Parliament for Lancaster from 1780 to ...

, Lancaster , 1780 , - , Henry Rawlinson ,

Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...

, 1780 , - , Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bt ,

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, 1768 , - , John Rolle ,

Devon Devon ( , historically known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South West England. The most populous settlement in Devon is the city of Plymouth, followed by Devon's county town, the city of Exeter. Devon is ...

, 1780 , - , Charles Boughton ,

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, 1780 , - ,

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Bridport Bridport is a market town in Dorset, England, inland from the English Channel near the confluence of the River Brit and its tributary the Asker. Its origins are Saxon and it has a long history as a rope-making centre. On the coast and withi ...

, 1780 , - , Sir George Shuckburgh, Bt ,

, 1780 , - , Humphrey Sibthorp ,

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

, 1777 , - , John Sinclair ,

Caithness Caithness ( gd, Gallaibh ; sco, Caitnes; non, Katanes) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. Caithness has a land boundary with the historic county of Sutherland to the west and is otherwise bounded by ...

, 1780 , - , Sir Thomas Skipwith ,

Steyning Steyning ( ) is a town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Horsham District, Horsham district of West Sussex, England. It is located at the north end of the River Adur gap in the South Downs, four miles (6.4 km) north of the ...

, 1769 , - ,

William Charles Sloper William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...

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, 1780 , - , Robert Smith ,

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, 1779 , - , Sir Robert Smyth, Bt ,

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, 1774 , - , John Smyth ,

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, 1783 , - , Walter Spencer Stanhope ,

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, 1775 , - , Thomas Stanley ,

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, 1780 , - , John Strutt ,

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, 1774 , - , Hon. John Manners-Sutton ,

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, 1783 , - , Clement Taylor ,

, 1780 , - , John Tempest ,

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, 1762 , - ,

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, 1780 , - ,

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, 1768 , - , Sir John Trevelyan, Bt ,

Somerset ( en, All The People of Somerset) , locator_map = , coordinates = , region = South West England , established_date = Ancient , established_by = , preceded_by = , origin = , lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset , lord_ ...

, 1777 , - ,

Thomas Whitmore Thomas Whitmore may refer to: * Thomas Whitmore (1599–1677), English lawyer and politician * Thomas Whitmore (1782–1846), English Whig MP for Bridgnorth *Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet (1612–1653), English MP for Bridgnorth *Thomas Charlt ...

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, 1771 , - , Sir John Borlase Warren ,

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, 1774 , - ,

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, Tiverton , 1776 , - ,

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Caernarvon Boroughs Caernarfon was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Caernarfon in Wales. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system. The constituency was created in 1536 as a District of Boroughs, represented in ...

, 1768 , -

References

* History of Parliament 1754-1790 * ''Annual Register'', 1784, p. 268-269 1784 establishments in Great Britain Parliament of Great Britain Political organisations based in the United Kingdom