This article is a list of diseases of

sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...

(''

Sorghum bicolor ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a Poaceae, grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethan ...

'').

Bacterial diseases

Fungal diseases

Nematodes, parasitic

Phytoplasma and Viral diseases

Insects

Insect pests include: ;Root feeders *white grubs **''

Holotrichia serrata ''Holotrichia serrata'', commonly known as the sugarcane white grub, or cockchafer grub, is a species of Melolonthinae, dung beetle found in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Description Adult female beetles lay white, almost round eggs. The fi ...

'' **'' Lachnosterna consanguinea'' *

wireworm Elateridae or click beetles (or "typical click beetles" to distinguish them from the related families Cerophytidae and Eucnemidae, which are also capable of clicking) are a family of beetles. Other names include elaters, snapping beetles, spr ...

s (

Elateridae Elateridae or click beetles (or "typical click beetles" to distinguish them from the related families Cerophytidae and Eucnemidae, which are also capable of clicking) are a family of beetles. Other names include elaters, snapping beetles, spr ...

Tenebrionidae Darkling beetle is the common name for members of the beetle family Tenebrionidae. The number of species in the Tenebrionidae is estimated at more than 20,000 and the family is cosmopolitan in distribution. Taxonomy ''Tenebrio'' is the Latin gen ...

) *underground burrowing bugs, '' Stibaropus'' spp. *termites **''

Odontotermes ''Odontotermes'', commonly known as the fungus-growing termites, is a termite genus belonging to family Termitidae, which is native to the Old World. They are most destructive in wooden homes, and are agricultural pests in the tropics and subtrop ...

'' spp. **'' Microtermes'' sp. *ants **'' Monomorium salomonis'' **'' Pheidole sulcaticeps'' ;Seedling pests *shoot fly, ''

Atherigona soccata ''Atherigona soccata'', the sorghum shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae whose larvae feed on the central growing shoots of millet crops like sorghum and finger millet, as well as maize, where they can cause serious loss of yield ...

'' *cutworm, ''

Agrotis ipsilon ''Agrotis ipsilon'', the dark sword-grass, black cutworm, greasy cutworm, floodplain cutworm or ipsilon dart, is a small noctuid moth found worldwide. The moth gets its scientific name from black markings on its forewings shaped like the letter " ...

'' ;Stem borers and leaf feeders *spotted stalk borer, ''

Chilo partellus ''Chilo partellus'', the spotted stalk borer or spotted stem borer, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1885. It is found in India, Pakistan, Iran, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, ...

'' *pink borer, ''

Sesamia inferens ''Sesamia inferens'', the Asiatic pink stem borer, gramineous stem borer, pink borer, pink rice borer, pink rice stem borer, pink stem borer, purple borer, purple stem borer or purplish stem borer, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species ...

'' *armyworm, ''

Mythimna separata ''Mythimna separata'', the northern armyworm, oriental armyworm or rice ear-cutting caterpillar, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in China, Japan, South-east Asia, India, eastern Australia, New Zealand, and some Pacific islands. It ...

'' *''

Spodoptera exempta The African armyworm (''Spodoptera exempta''), also called ''okalombo'', ''kommandowurm'', or nutgrass armyworm, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. The larvae often exhibit marching behavior when traveling to feeding sites, leading t ...

'' *caterpillars ''

Amsacta albistriga ''Amsacta albistriga'', the red hairy caterpillar, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in southern India, where it has been recorded feeding on finger millet and sorghum. The wingspan is . The larvae defoliate various agricultural c ...

'', '' Amsacta lactinea'', '' Euproctis virguncula'', ''

Cnaphalocrocis patnalis ''Cnaphalocrocis patnalis'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John David Bradley in 1981. It is found in south-east Asia, where it has been recorded from Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. The larvae f ...

'', and '' Mocis frugalis'' *chrysomelid leaf beetles '' Chaetocnema indica'', '' Longitarsus'' spp., and '' Phyllotreta chotonica'' *ash weevil '' Myllocerus undecimpustulatus maculosus'' *grasshoppers, ''

Nomadacris septemfasciata The red locust (''Nomadacris septemfasciata'') is a large grasshopper species found in sub-Saharan Africa. Its name refers to the colour of its hind wings. It is sometimes called the ''criquet nomade'' in French language, French, due to its nomad ...

'', ''

Acrida exaltata ''Acrida exaltata'' is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is a pest of sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for ...

'', ''

Aiolopus longicornis ''Aiolopus longicornis'' is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is a pest of millets such as sorghum in Africa. References Oedipodinae Insect pests of millets {{Oedipodinae-stub ...

'', ''

Aiolopus simulatrix ''Aiolopus simulatrix'' is a species of locust Locusts (derived from the Vulgar Latin ''locusta'', meaning grasshopper) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. These insects ...

'', ''

Aiolopus thalassinus ''Aiolopus thalassinus'' is a species of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae. It is present in many countries of Europe (but not the British Isles or Scandinavia), and in the Afrotropical realm to Asia and the Pa ...

'', ''

Atractomorpha crenulata ''Atractomorpha crenulata'', commonly known as the tobacco grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper in the subfamily ''Pyrgomorphinae'', found in Asia. Taxonomy ''A. crenulata'' is a member of the genus '' Atractomorpha'', which is part of famil ...

'', '' Chrotogonus hemipterus'', '' Diabolocatantops axillaris'', ''

Hieroglyphus banian ''Hieroglyphus banian'' is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is a pest of millets such as sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet in India. References

Acrididae Insect pests of millets {{Acrididae-stub ...

'', and '' Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus'' *grasshopper '' Conocephalus maculatus'' (eastern India) *grasshopper '' Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus'' (western India) ;Sucking pests *shoot bug '' Peregrinus maidis'' (transmits two viral diseases, maize mosaic virus (MMV) and

maize stripe virus ''Maize stripe tenuivirus'' (MSpV) is a pathogenic plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate wit ...

(MStpV)) *corn aphid ''

Rhopalosiphum maidis ''Rhopalosiphum maidis'', common names corn leaf aphid and corn aphid, is an insect, and a pest of maize and other crops. It has a nearly worldwide distribution and is typically found in agricultural fields, grasslands, and forest-grassland zon ...

'' *sugarcane leafhopper '' Pyrilla perpusilla'' *hemipterous bugs, '' Cletus punctiger'', ''

Dolycoris indicus ''Dolycoris indicus'' is a species of true bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a pest of millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human ...

'', '' Empoasca flavescens'', ''

Lygaeus ''Lygaeus'' is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae. There are more than 60 described species in ''Lygaeus''. Species These 69 species belong to the genus ''Lygaeus'': * '' Lygaeus alboornatus'' Blanchard, 1852 * '' Lygaeus analis'' D ...

'' spp., '' Menida histrio'', ''

Nephotettix virescens ''Nephotettix virescens'' is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of millets. It is found in eastern India as well as Southeast Asia, including China. It is found in Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, u ...

'', and ''

Nezara viridula ''Nezara viridula'', commonly known as the southern green stink bug (USA), southern green shield bug (UK) or green vegetable bug (Australia and New Zealand), is a plant-feeding stink bug. Believed to have originated in Ethiopia, it can now be fo ...

'' *thrips, especially '' Caliothrips indicus'', '' Sorghothrips jonnaphilus'' ;Earhead pests *sorghum midge '' Stenodiplosis sorghicola'' *earhead bug '' Calocoris angustatus'' *bugs, like ''

Dysdercus koenigii ''Dysdercus koenigii'' is a species of true bug in the family Pyrrhocoridae, commonly known as the red cotton stainer. It is a serious pest of cotton crops, the adults and older nymphs feeding on the emerging bolls and the cotton seeds as they m ...

'' and ''

'' *lepidopteran caterpillars are found feeding on developing grains: ''

Autoba silicula ''Autoba silicula'' is a species of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be appr ...

'', '' Cryptoblabes gnidiella'', ''

Cydia Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT (Advanced Package Tool) for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software not authorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to digital distribution pla ...

'' spp., '' Conogethes punctiferalis'', '' Ephestia cautella'', ''

Eublemma ''Eublemma'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1829. Taxonomy The genus has previously been classified in the subfamily Eublemminae within Erebidae or in the subfamily Eustrotiinae of the family Noctuidae. ...

'' spp., '' Euproctis limbata'', '' Euproctis subnotata'', ''

Helicoverpa armigera ''Helicoverpa armigera'' is a species of Lepidoptera in the family Noctuidae. It is known as the cotton bollworm, corn earworm, Old World (African) bollworm, or scarce bordered straw (the lattermost in the UK, where it is a migrant). The larvae f ...

'' *maize cob borer '' Stenachroia elongella'', especially in east India *beetle species, '' Chiloloba acuta'', '' Mylabris pustulata'', and '' Cylindrothorax tenuicollis'' ;Grain pests *''

Sitophilus ''Sitophilus'' is a genus of weevils in the tribe Litosomini. Some species are familiar as pests of stored grain, nut, or seed. Notable pest species include the rice weevil (''S. oryzae''), wheat weevil (''S. granarius''), and maize weevil (''S. ...

'' spp. (attacks stored grains)

Africa

The following pest species are reported for sorghum crops in northern

Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...

. *''

'' (sorghum shoot fly, a major pest): The larvae cut the growing point of the sorghum leaf. *'' Agonoscelis pubescens'' is also reported as a sorghum pest. *''

Busseola fusca ''Busseola fusca'' is a species of moth that is also known as the maize stalk borer. It is known from Ethiopia. The wingspan is 35–40 mm. Adults are pale brown. The caterpillars are light or dark violet to pinkish white and about 1 to 2 � ...

'' (maize stem-borer; Lepidoptera,

Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other f ...

) attacks maize and sorghum, and occurs especially at higher altitudes. It is a common pest in

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

, but has also spread to

West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Maurit ...

. *''

'' (spotted stem-borer; Lepidoptera,

Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies includ ...

): introduced, from East Africa but spreading. The larvae attack sorghum and maize. Present at low and mid altitudes. *'' Contarinia sorghicola'' (sorghum midge or ''cecidomyie du sorgho'' in French; Diptera,

Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usu ...

): The adult resembles mosquitoes. Larvae feed on developing ovaries of sorghum grains. *''

Melanaphis sacchari The sugarcane aphid, (''Melanaphis sacchari''), is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is mostly found in ''Saccharum'' and '' Sorghum'' species. The species primarily r ...

'' (sugar cane aphid) attacks sorghum. ''

Sitophilus zeamais ''Sitophilus'' is a genus of weevils in the tribe Litosomini. Some species are familiar as pests of stored grain, nut, or seed. Notable pest species include the rice weevil (''S. oryzae''), wheat weevil (''S. granarius''), and maize weevil (''S. ...

'' (maize weevil) and ''

Sitotroga cerealella The Angoumois grain moth (''Sitotroga cerealella'') is a species of the Gelechiidae moth family, commonly referred to as the "rice grain moth". It is most abundant in the temperate or tropical climates of India, China, South Africa, Indonesia, ...

'' (Angoumois grain moth) attack stored sorghum and

maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...

References

{{reflist
Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society

Sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...

Bacterial diseases

Fungal diseases

Nematodes, parasitic

Phytoplasma and Viral diseases

Insects

Africa

See also

References