Sodium orthovanadate is the
inorganic compound
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemist ...
with the
chemical formula
In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, ...
. It forms a dihydrate . Sodium orthovanadate is a salt of the
oxyanion An oxyanion, or oxoanion, is an ion with the generic formula (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom). Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. The formulae of simple oxyanions are determine ...
. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid.
Synthesis and structure
Sodium orthovanadate is produced by dissolving
vanadium(V) oxide
Vanadium(V) oxide (''vanadia'') is the inorganic compound with the formula V2 O5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a brown/yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because o ...
in a solution of
sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions .
Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali ...
:
:
The salt features tetrahedral anion centers linked to octahedral cation sites.
Condensation equilibria
Like many oxometalates, orthovanadate is subject to a number of reactions, which have been analyzed by
51V NMR studies. At high pH, ions exist in equilibrium with . At lower pH's,
condensation
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to ...
ensues to give various polyoxovanadates. Ultimately,
decavanadate
Sodium decavanadate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Na6 10O28H2O)n. These are sodium salts of the orange-colored decavanadate anion 10O28sup>6−. Numerous other decavanadate salts have been isolated and ...
is formed.
Biochemistry
Vanadates exhibit a variety of biological activities, in part because they serve as structural mimics of
phosphate
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid .
The phosphate or orthophosphate ion is derived from phospho ...
s. It acts as a
competitive inhibitor
Competitive inhibition is interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance inhibiting the effect of another by competing with it for binding or bonding. Any metabolic or chemical messenger system can potentially be affected b ...
of
ATPase
ATPases (, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, SV40 T-antigen, ATP hydrolase, complex V (mitochondrial electron transport), (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, HCO3−-ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase) are ...
s, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and protein-phosphotyrosine phosphatases,
and its inhibitory effects can be reversed by dilution or the addition of
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula H2N(CH2CO2H)2sub>2. This white, water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) and calcium ions (Ca2+), forming water-soluble complexes eve ...
(EDTA).
Orthovanadate is activated by boiling and adjusting pH to ~10; this depolymerizes
decavanadate
Sodium decavanadate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Na6 10O28H2O)n. These are sodium salts of the orange-colored decavanadate anion 10O28sup>6−. Numerous other decavanadate salts have been isolated and ...
into the active inhibitor, monovanadate.
References
See also
*
Sodium metavanadate
Sodium metavanadate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaVO3. It is a yellow, water-soluble salt.
Sodium metavanadate is a common precursor to other vanadates. At low pH it converts to sodium decavanadate. It is also precursor to exoti ...
{{Sodium compounds
Inorganic compounds
Sodium compounds
Vanadates