The Snake Pit, based in
Aspull,
Wigan Borough, England, is the gym and organisation regarded as the home of
catch wrestling
Catch wrestling (also known as catch-as-catch-can) is an English wrestling style where wrestlers aim to win by Pin (sport wrestling), pinning or Submission (combat sports), submitting their opponent using any legal holds or techniques. It emph ...
. Founded in 1948 by
Billy Riley in the
town of Wigan, it was originally known as Riley's Gym. Riley was succeeded by Roy Wood, one of his last living students.
It hosts the Aspull Olympic Wrestling Club, which focuses on
freestyle wrestling
Freestyle wrestling is a style of wrestling. It is one of two styles of wrestling contested in the Olympic Games, along with Greco-Roman wrestling, Greco-Roman. scholastic wrestling, High school wrestling and men's collegiate wrestling in the U ...
. Wood was recognised on the
2024 New Year Honours and awarded a
British Empire Medal (BEM) "for services to wrestling and young people" after coaching for almost 50 years.
An exhibition about Riley and the gym began at the
Leigh
Leigh may refer to:
Places In England
Pronounced :
* Leigh, Greater Manchester, Borough of Wigan
** Leigh (UK Parliament constituency)
* Leigh-on-Sea, Essex
Pronounced :
* Leigh, Dorset
* Leigh, Gloucestershire
* Leigh, Kent
* Leigh, Staffor ...
Town Hall in April 2024.
The gym has had a
significant influence on the evolution of
catch-as-catch-can (CACC),
freestyle, and
professional
A professional is a member of a profession or any person who work (human activity), works in a specified professional activity. The term also describes the standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with the partic ...
wrestling, as well as
mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact fighting combat sport, sport based on strike (attack), striking and grappling; incorporating techniques from various combat sports from around the world.
In the early 20th century, various inter-s ...
(MMA), especially in Japan. Riley was the head coach for over 20 years, teaching
Lancashire style catch wrestling, and the gym became known in Britain and internationally for producing skilled wrestlers. Riley closed the gym in the early 1970s due to the decline of legitimate skills in pro wrestling, but it was soon revived through a community effort with Roy Wood becoming head coach, assisted by Riley and other veteran wrestlers. The gym switched to freestyle wrestling, producing champions and international competitors, and hosting the Aspull Freestyle Wrestling International for over 35 years. The gym moved to Aspull during this time, establishing the Aspull Olympic Wrestling Club.
The gym continued to be one of the most essential sources for preserving catch wrestling and began to formally promote the style again in 2012 through competitions, training, and certification.
The Snake Pit has organised the
Catch Wrestling World Championships since 2018, and also organises the
British Championships and other competitions.
The 2025 British Championships are scheduled for June 21, followed by the 2025 World Championships on October 18.
History
Riley's Gym
Billy Riley was a skilled professional wrestler in a time when there were still
legitimate matches.
Riley trained in
pubs like the Crispin Arms or at his home before he and a handful of other wrestlers, who were also
tradesmen, combined their resources to purchase a plot of land and build a dedicated gym in the
Whelley area of the
town of Wigan.
The gym opened in 1948 to teach catch-as-catch-can (CACC), freestyle, and professional wrestling (termed "show wrestling") in the
Lancashire style.
The original building was described as a shed or shack with a tin roof, bare bricks inside, a worn wrestling mat stuffed with horse hair, a coal stove for heat, no toilet, rusting weights, and a shower in the corner that only had cold water.
Riley was an active coach, known for hard training. He demanded every opponent be approached as world-class, even novices, and frequently used phrases like “you can never train too hard” and "do it again."
Riley wanted to be confident in his trainees' skills and did not let them work shows otherwise.
He also kept a room of books and reference materials for wrestling.
and other veteran wrestlers would regularly coach alongside Riley. Many of the trainees were mine workers and hoped to boost their incomes by wrestling.
There was a common saying that someone reaching into a local mine would grab either a wrestler or
rugby player.
The professionals usually trained in the morning and worked shows in the evening, then the wrestlers with regular jobs trained after work.
Since there had been legitimate wrestlers in every family, it became impossible to hold theatrical-style pro wrestling in Wigan.
Riley did not make much money as a coach because he kept his member fees modest.
In 1964, they were only two
shillings and six
pence (2s. 6., a
half crown, ), despite a wrestler like
Karl Gotch reportedly earning £30,000 () annually.
Although the training was tough and many visitors were one-time-only, the gym had
unwritten rules against breaking limbs, eye-poking, hair-pulling, and similar behaviour.
Women and children were also disallowed in those days.
The tough environment produced some of the most popular and skilled wrestlers of their time, such as Karl Gotch,
Billy Robinson,
Bert Assirati,
Jack Dempsey,
Les Thornton, and Billy Joyce (Bob Robinson). Other wrestlers from the gym included Ernie Riley (Billy Riley's son), Joe Robinson (Billy Joyce's brother), Melvyn Riss (Harold Winstanley), John Foley, Alan Latham (Francis Sullivan), Mick and Seamus Dunleavy, Billy Chambers, Len Wetherby, Jackie Cheers, Frank Riley, Jimmy Hart, Alan Hartwood, Harry Duvall, Ken Baldwin, John Naylor, Brian Burke, and Roy Wood.
As well as Bob Sherry (Jimmy Niblett), El Diablo (Tony Francis), George Gregory,
Count Bartelli (Geoff Condliffe), Jack Mountford,
Johnny Eagle (Roy Boyd), and Tommy Heyes.
The gym became well-known internationally and hosted wrestlers from countries including France, Belgium, Italy, Finland, Spain, India, Pakistan, Turkey, the United States, and Canada.
Riley also encouraged his wrestlers to bring knowledge back from other gyms and styles. During Billy Robinson's eight years at Riley's, he was sent to Hungary to learn
Greco-Roman wrestling
Greco-Roman (American English), Graeco-Roman (British English), or classic wrestling (Euro-English) is a style of wrestling that is practiced worldwide. Greco-Roman wrestling was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and has been i ...
, and to Sweden and Germany.
Gotch, Robinson, Joyce, Thornton, and other Riley's wrestlers toured Japan, where the wrestlers and their style developed an enduring popularity. Rumours of the gym's reputation inspired the "Tiger's Den" in ''
Tiger Mask'', a
manga
are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. The term is used in Japan to refer to both comics ...
and
anime
is a Traditional animation, hand-drawn and computer animation, computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, , in Japan and in Ja ...
series about pro wrestling, and Robinson inspired the manga/anime character
Robin Mask.
Although Riley's was the most well-known gym, it had several rivals such as the Belshaws, who were a family of
undertakers that specialised in
takedowns.
They had been trained by Billy Riley's coach Willie "Pop" Charnock, who also had his own gym.
Riley's was featured in "The Wrestlers", a documentary by
ITV Granada
ITV Granada, formerly known as Granada Television, is the ITV (TV network), ITV franchisee for the North West of England and Isle of Man. From 1956 to 1968 it broadcast to both the north west and Yorkshire on weekdays only, as ABC Weekend TV, ...
, which premiered on September 5, 1967. The documentary focused on the lives and personalities of popular pro wrestlers outside the ring, featuring Billy Robinson,
Les Kellett, Johnny Eagle, Vic Faulkner, Abe Ginsberg, Jim Hussey, Alan Dennison, and Roy "Bull" Davis, along with Billy Riley. It was directed by Michael Elster, filmed by David Wood, produced by Denis Mitchell, edited by Leonard Trumm, with sound recording by John Muxworthy.
Revival
By the 1970s, the theatrical elements of pro wrestling had completely overtaken legitimate wrestling ability and Riley closed his famous gym. However, the gym was revived when Roy Wood's son Darren and a friend wanted to wrestle, but it needed repairs first. Using materials donated by Bill Swiers, a group of locals rebuilt the gym to twice the original size. Wood then became the head coach and Riley returned to mentor from his chair, along with Tommy Heyes. Riley's converted to freestyle wrestling because there were no opportunities for catch wrestlers in Britain coupled with safety concerns for training youth. Riley's grandsons Mark and Paul, and nephew Patrick Burns also trained at the revived gym.
After a lifetime in wrestling, Billy Riley died in September 1977.
The gym consistently produced British champions and top competitors.
In 1986, Darren Wood won
gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a brightness, bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal ...
in freestyle wrestling at the
European Cadets Championship followed by gold at the 1987
Cadet World Championships and the 1987 British Senior Championships.
On February 7, 1989, the documentary series
First Tuesday premiered "The Wigan Hold", produced by Roger Finnegan, focusing on Riley's gym. The piece focused on the lives of Ernie Riley and Tommy Moore (Jack Dempsey); Riley, Moore, and Roy Wood coaching youth; retrospectives on wrestling history in Wigan, Billy Riley, the gym, and theatrical pro wrestling. It also included archival footage from "The Wrestlers" documentary of Riley coaching a young Wood.
The deteriorating state of the facility and lack of resources shown on the programme prompted a government offer to renovate the gym. Instead, the decision was made to relocate, establishing the Aspull Olympic Wrestling Club (AOWC).
The original gym was later demolished after a fire and houses were built on the land.
The Aspull Olympic Wrestling Club
In 1990,
Japanese pro wrestlers Kazuo Sakurada and
KY Wakamatsu approached Billy Joyce, who directed them to Wood, with an offer to coach in Japan for
Super World of Sports (SWS). After a training session, Wood and Joyce took them to the ruins of Riley's, where the visitors looked noticeably upset by the famed gym's condition and offered financial assistance to rebuild it. Wood then travelled to Japan and coached the SWS roster in Lancashire-style catch wrestling. He ended his tour with an exhibition match in front of 17,000 spectators at
Yokohama Arena
is an indoor arena located in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 17,000 and was opened in 1989. The arena was modeled after US sports venue Madison Square Garden in New York City. It is a five-minute walk from the ...
.
During this trip, Wood broke the leg of a Japanese wrestler who challenged him, which convinced the others of his ability. Wood was offered a position as a coach in Japan but declined due to his life in England, choosing to visit periodically.
In 1993, the club had another visitor from Japan, Osamu Matsunami. An 18-year-old Matsunami had learned about the club from an article about
Dynamite Kid in ''Weekly Gong'' magazine (No. 257, May 25, 1989). A quote by Joyce in the article inspired Matsunami's interest in Lancashire wrestling, which grew when Wood coached for SWS in 1990. In May 1993, Matsunami made his first trip to the club, despite knowing little English or the location.
After an extended journey and the assistance of several people, Matsunami met Wood, who introduced Matsunami to his family and the community. Matsunami accompanied Wood for several days, including wrestling practices, meeting Riley's wrestlers, and visiting the ruins of Riley's. His visit was covered by the
Wigan Post.
Matsunami made several more journeys to Wigan, staying for several months at a time. He trained with Wood, Ernie Riley, Billy Joyce, and several other wrestlers, and helped Wood coach kids classes. Matsunami also competed, including a trip to France early-on and placing fifth at the 1995 British Freestyle Wrestling Championships.
He opened his own gym in
Kyoto
Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...
, Japan in December 2006. Wood named it "Riley's Gym Kyoto" while visiting in spring 2007.
In 1995,
Osamu Nishimura visited and trained at the gym. Soon after, Wood was recruited by Nishimura's mentor
Tatsumi Fujinami, a popular pro wrestler and then-president of
New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), to train NJPW's roster.
In Japan, Wigan and Riley's were regarded as the spiritual home of wrestling, and Fujinami viewed CACC as the foundation of pro wrestling and wanted it to be preserved.
Wood was accompanied by five wrestlers including Shane Rigby, a three-time Commonwealth
silver medal
A silver medal, in sports and other similar areas involving competition, is a medal made of, or plated with, silver awarded to the second-place finisher, or runner-up, of contests or competitions such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, ...
list from Bolton Olympic Wrestling Club, who learned catch wrestling under Wood.
After the success of the first tour, Wood coached in Japan several more times and NJPW held several Lancashire wrestling-style shows featuring Wood's wrestlers under the brand "Muga" .
Other visitors from Japan included
Shigeo Miyato,
Yoji Anjo, and
UWF booker Shinji Sasazaki. In 1999, Miyato established a gym based on Riley's, the UWF Snake Pit Japan (now ), with Billy Robinson and
Lou Thesz as the first head coaches.
In 2000, Roy Wood and his daughter Andrea helped establish freestyle wrestling programs at several schools in Greater Manchester, one of which quickly won back-to-back British championships for boys and girls. Wood had pushed for more female participation in wrestling since the Aspull Olympic Wrestling Club's opening.
He also worked with the
St Helens and
Wigan Warriors
The Wigan Warriors is an English professional rugby league club based in Wigan, Greater Manchester.
The club competes in the Super League, the top tier of the British rugby league system. Formed in 1872, the club is a founding member of the Ru ...
rugby clubs to introduce wrestling into professional rugby. During Wood's six years coaching St Helens, the team won the
Challenge Cup
The Rugby Football League Challenge Cup, commonly known just as the Challenge Cup is a Single-elimination tournament, knockout rugby league cup competition organised by the Rugby Football League, held annually since 1896, it is the world's old ...
multiple times.
Paul Stridgeon, a student of Wood and a British freestyle champion, transitioned to professional rugby, and coached the
England national team and
Wales national team.
In 2008, Wood coached the British wrestling team for the
Commonwealth Youth Games in India.
In April 2009, Wood was voted as the England-Northern representative for British Wrestling's then-newly established Nations & Regions Committee. In May 2010, AOWC was among the first clubs to receive British Wrestling's Clubmark certification.
Wood coached
Maria Dunn, a
freestyle wrestler from Guam, for the
2012 Olympics.
Wood and Ben Johnson also served as
torchbearers for the
Olympic flame. Dunn later married Bolton wrestling coach Nathan Tully and they founded the Snakepit Wrestling Academy in Guam. Tully died in 2020 after a battle with cancer.
The Nathan Tully award "for dedication to grassroots/paying it forward" is presented in his memory at the
Catch Wrestling World Championships.
The club hosted the Aspull Freestyle Wrestling International for 35 years as of 2012.
Recognitions
In February 2009, Wood was named "coach of the year" at the ninth annual Wigan and Leigh Borough Sports Awards for mentoring coaches, coaching British wrestlers at the Commonwealth Youth Games, and preparing 2012 Olympic hopefuls. Nicky Slack, also from AOWC, was named "volunteer of the year."
In 2011, Wood was the
North West regional winner of the
BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award, recognising "outstanding contribution by individuals at the grassroots level of sport." In November 2012, Wood received the "coach of the year" and the "be inspired" awards at the Greater Manchester Sports Awards'','' and AOWC was named "club of the year" at the Borough Sports Awards.
In December 2023, after almost 50 years of coaching, Wood was recognised on the
2024 New Year Honours and awarded a
British Empire Medal (BEM) "for services to wrestling and young people."
The medal was presented to Wood in a ceremony at
Gorton Monastery by Diane Hawkins, the
Lord Lieutenant of Greater Manchester, in October 2024.
The Snake Pit
The gym was simply known as "Riley's" in Britain. The "Snake Pit" name, often used
anachronistically, was popularised in Japan.
Wood was unaware of the "Snake Pit" moniker until his trip to coach in Japan for SWS.
The Snake Pit took its current form around 2011. Due to prior frustrations, Wood maintained his focus on freestyle wrestling until his daughter, Andrea, convinced her father to help preserve the sport of catch wrestling by coaching again.
Alongside the 35th Aspull Freestyle Wrestling International in November 2012,
The Snake Pit held the first catch wrestling matches to take place in
Wigan
Wigan ( ) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. The town is midway between the two cities of Manchester, to the south-east, and Liverpool, to the south-west. It is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its ad ...
in fifty years, with participants from Britain and Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan.
The Snake Pit also held its first certification that month. Osamu Matsunami and Ian Bromley became the first certified coaches and Riley's Gym Kyoto became the first certified affiliate gym.
Since then, The Snake Pit has held regular workshops, competitions, and annual "international weeks" for foreign visitors.
Wood has also travelled to the United States several times to promote the revival of catch wrestling.
The Snake Pit marked its 70th anniversary with the first annual
Catch Wrestling World Championships on November 2, 2018. The event was held at the
University of Bolton Stadium and featured competitors from the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, South Africa, Sweden, Lithuania and New Zealand.
After the death of coach Ian Bromley in February 2019, The Snake Pit partnered with the charity
Andy's Man Club (AMC) to raise awareness and combat stigma around
mental health
Mental health is often mistakenly equated with the absence of mental illness. However, mental health refers to a person's overall emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences how individuals think, feel, and behave, and how t ...
. The
2019 Catch Wrestling World Championships in November were held in tribute to Bromley. A message from the charity's founder and footage of Bromley's final interview were played between matches. A voluntary group was also set up, promoting the
hashtag #17:17. AMC donated wristbands, flyers and other items to be given out at the event.
The award for best/outstanding wrestler at the World Championships was named in Bromley's honour.
The number of entrants for the event doubled from the previous year, including accomplished grapplers and mixed martial artists such as
Olga McGlinchey (
2012 world championships bronze medallist and
Olympian),
UFC fighters
John Hathaway and
Tom Watson, and Nathaniel Brown, a 2019 British freestyle silver medallist.
In January 2022, documents found in the Snake Pit's archives helped reveal Britain's first black Olympian -
Louis Bruce, a biracial wrestler and
tram driver from
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...
, Scotland. It was previously thought that
Harry Edward was Britain's first black Olympian.
After a two-year postponement due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
, the
Catch Wrestling World Championships took place on June 4, 2022 at the University of Bolton Stadium.
The event featured 33 competitors wrestling in a total of 29 matches.
The Snake Pit held the
2023 Catch Wrestling British Championships on August 5 at Robin Park Leisure Centre in Wigan, England. The tournament was open to competitors residing in the
British Isles
The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebr ...
.
The
2023 Catch Wrestling World Championships took place on October 28 at the University of Bolton Stadium.
Previous champions
Josh Barnett and
Owen Livesey faced each-other in the headline bout.
This event had the most international competitors to date, including an American team assembled by Barnett - the ACWA Warbringers, all of whom reached the finals in their divisions.
In April 2024,
Leigh
Leigh may refer to:
Places In England
Pronounced :
* Leigh, Greater Manchester, Borough of Wigan
** Leigh (UK Parliament constituency)
* Leigh-on-Sea, Essex
Pronounced :
* Leigh, Dorset
* Leigh, Gloucestershire
* Leigh, Kent
* Leigh, Staffor ...
Town Hall began hosting an exhibition about Billy Riley, catch wrestling, and the gym. Supported by funding from the
National Lottery Community Fund, it preserves and displays memorabilia contributed to the collection by The Snake Pit and others.
The Snake Pit held the
2024 Catch Wrestling British Championships on August 10 at Robin Leisure Park in Wigan, England.
They were followed by the
2024 Catch Wrestling World Championships on September 7 at The Edge in Wigan. The two-day event was supported by the local government and was the first time that the town of Wigan hosted the World Championships. Over fourteen nations were represented, including the USA, Australia, Japan, Georgia, Afghanistan, Sudan, and the Netherlands.
Along with the World Championships, there was a competition for children called Catch For Kids.
Notable people
Head coaches
*
Billy Riley (1948–1970s) - founder of the gym, wrestler, coach, and promoter
* Roy Wood (1970s–present) - born in 1943 to a family of boxers, Wood joined Riley's when he was fifteen; he was a molder by trade and began "show" wrestling after Riley told him "you can't eat medals, turn professional and earn some money", and boxing for Matt Moran's fairgrounds boxing booth.
In December 2023, after coaching for almost 50 years, Wood was recognised on the
2024 New Year Honours and awarded a
British Empire Medal (BEM) "for services to wrestling and young people"
Original gym
Under head coach Billy Riley:
*
Karl Gotch -
1948 Olympic wrestler, pro wrestler, coach, nicknamed "God of Wrestling" in Japan, major influence on development of MMA
*
Billy Robinson - 1957 British freestyle wrestling champion, pro wrestler, coach, influenced development of MMA
* - pro wrestler, regarded as Riley's most skilled legitimate wrestler
*
Bert Assirati - pro wrestler and strongman
*
Jack Dempsey - pro wrestler
*
Les Thornton - pro wrestler
Revived gym
Under head coach Roy Wood:
*
Dynamite Kid - pro wrestler, known for his rivalry with MMA pioneer
Satoru Sayama (the original
Tiger Mask)
* Darren Wood - Roy's son, won
gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a brightness, bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal ...
at the 1986
European and
1987 World Championships for cadets, and 1987 British Senior Championships
*
Kazuo Sakurada and
KY Wakamatsu - pro wrestlers
*
Osamu Nishimura - pro wrestler
*
Tatsumi Fujinami - pro wrestler, hall of famer; Fujinami's son also trained under Wood
* Shane Rigby -
Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games is a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations, which consists mostly, but not exclusively, of territories of the former British Empire. The event was first held in 1930 ...
and
Championships silver medal
A silver medal, in sports and other similar areas involving competition, is a medal made of, or plated with, silver awarded to the second-place finisher, or runner-up, of contests or competitions such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, ...
list from Bolton WC, trained in CACC by Roy Wood
* Paul Stridgeon - British freestyle wrestling champion, international competitor; professional rugby coach
*
Shigeo Miyato - pro wrestler, founded the UWF/CACC Snake Pit Japan in 1999
*
Mike Grundy -
UFC fighter,
2014 Commonwealth bronze medallist, started with Wood as a child, trained with Rigby for MMA
*
St Helens R.F.C. - professional rugby club, multi-time
Challenge Cup
The Rugby Football League Challenge Cup, commonly known just as the Challenge Cup is a Single-elimination tournament, knockout rugby league cup competition organised by the Rugby Football League, held annually since 1896, it is the world's old ...
champions while training with Wood
*
Maria Dunn - freestyle wrestling Olympian from Guam, coached by Roy Wood for the
2012 Olympics
*
Jack Gallagher -
WWE wrestler and MMA fighter
Certified coaches and affiliates
The Snake Pit's certified coaches are Greg Crompton and Chris Lomas, along with assistant coaches Kevin Lloyd, Wei Tran, Mark Ganaden, and Rikk Georgiades.
At present, Riley's Gym Kyoto is the only Snake Pit certified affiliate club in the world.
Its head coach, Osamu Matsunami, made several extended trips to Wigan to train with Wood and other Riley's wrestlers, and trained in Tokyo with Billy Robinson and
Shigeo Miyato. Matsunami opened the gym in December 2006 and it was named in Riley's honour by Wood when he visited in spring 2007.
Matsunami and Ian Bromley were the first two coaches to be certified in 2012.
Legacy and influence
The gym has been well-known in Britain
and internationally for decades,
being regarded as a home
and
mecca
Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ...
for wrestling due to its influence on
catch-as-catch-can,
professional
A professional is a member of a profession or any person who work (human activity), works in a specified professional activity. The term also describes the standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with the partic ...
, and
freestyle wrestling, as well as
mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact fighting combat sport, sport based on strike (attack), striking and grappling; incorporating techniques from various combat sports from around the world.
In the early 20th century, various inter-s ...
(MMA).
The gym's
Lancashire catch-as-catch-can style produced some of the most popular and skilled professionals of their time (see above) before transitioning to freestyle wrestling and consistently developing top wrestlers and British champions, with pro wrestlers occasionally training there as well.
The gym became one of the most essential sources to preserve catch wrestling as the style struggled to survive.
Outside of Britain, the gym's influence has been felt most in Japan, where Riley's wrestlers including Karl Gotch, Billy Robinson, Billy Joyce, Les Thornton, Dynamite Kid, and others regularly toured, with Gotch and Robinson in particular becoming very popular in the country.
The gym's reputation was an inspiration for the "Tiger's Den" in ''
Tiger Mask'', a
manga
are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. The term is used in Japan to refer to both comics ...
and
anime
is a Traditional animation, hand-drawn and computer animation, computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, , in Japan and in Ja ...
series about pro wrestling, and Robinson inspired the character
Robin Mask in the ''
Kinnikuman
is a Japanese manga series created by the duo Yoshinori Nakai and Takashi Shimada, known as Yudetamago. It follows Suguru Kinniku, a superhero who must win a wrestling tournament to retain the title of prince of Planet Kinniku. ...
'' manga/anime series.
Along with their in-ring careers, Gotch and Robinson became prolific coaches and trained students in the Riley's style for decades. Gotch was a trainer at the
JWA and
NJPW dojos, and a
booker for NJPW. His students included
Antonio Inoki,
Tatsumi Fujinami,
Satoru Sayama (the first
Tiger Mask),
Yoshiaki Fujiwara,
Akira Maeda,
Nobuhiko Takada,
Minoru Suzuki, and
Masakatsu Funaki.
Robinson's students included
Kazushi Sakuraba
is a Japanese professional wrestler, submission wrestling, submission wrestler and former mixed martial artist, currently signed to Pro Wrestling NOAH, Pro Wrestling Noah, where he was formerly one-half of the former GHC Tag Team Championship, G ...
,
Kiyoshi Tamura,
Shigeo Miyato, and
Hideki Suzuki. Gotch, Robinson, and their students innovated a
realistic pro wrestling style, leading to
Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki, the
UWF and
Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi, and setting a foundation for modern MMA. Sayama founded followed by
Shooto in 1985, to combine catch wrestling with striking for legitimate competition. Shooto held its first professional event in 1989, several years before the
UFC was established.
In 1993, Suzuki and Funaki co-founded and competed in
Pancrase
is a Japanese mixed martial arts (MMA) promoter (entertainment), promotion company based in Tokyo. It was founded in 1993 by professional wrestlers Masakatsu Funaki and Minoru Suzuki.
The name was based on pankration, a fighting sport in the An ...
, a
shootfighting promotion which held
its first event a month before
UFC 1. Gotch suggested the name as a reference to the
ancient Olympic sport of
pankration. Maeda founded
RINGS, a shoot-style pro wrestling promotion that transitioned to MMA. And Takada co-founded
PRIDE
Pride is a human Emotion, secondary emotion characterized by a sense of satisfaction with one's Identity (philosophy), identity, performance, or accomplishments. It is often considered the opposite of shame or of humility and, depending on conte ...
, one of the most popular MMA promotions in history. These promotions and their associated training facilities produced many of the top Japanese and international MMA fighters of their time.
Among them were Sakuraba and Tamura. Sakuraba utilised catch wrestling to regularly defeat the best fighters of his time despite often being much smaller, and was nicknamed "The Gracie Hunter" for his victories over four members of the
Gracie jiu-jitsu family including
Royce,
Royler, and
Renzo.
Tamura performed well at the top levels of MMA, later founding the gym and the promotion U-STYLE. Other notable gyms include , founded by Sayama's associate Noriaki Kiguchi, who also founded ; , founded by Sayama's student
Yuki Nakai; and , founded by Miyato as UWF Snake Pit Japan, with Robinson and
Lou Thesz as the first head coaches.
After establishing itself in Japan, the style expanded abroad. In 1989, Shooto instructor
Yorinaga Nakamura immigrated to the United States. He became training partners with
Dan Inosanto and they established the first Shooto school outside of Japan. In 1993,
Ken Shamrock brought the style from Pancrase to the UFC, became the inaugural
Pancrase Champion and
UFC Superfight Champion, and founded the first MMA team, the
Lion's Den. Americans
Maurice Smith and
Frank Shamrock, and the Dutch
Bas Rutten also trained in the catch-based Pancrase style and went on to become
UFC champions.
Erik Paulson trained under Nakamura and Inosanto, becoming a
Shooto champion and coach. According to Paulson, the Shooto submission lock-flows are all based on the Riley's style.
Paulson coached notable fighters including
Brock Lesnar,
Sean Sherk
Sean Keith Sherk (born August 5, 1973) is a retired American mixed martial artist and former UFC Lightweight Champion. Sherk competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship and was one of the first combatants to have been a championship competit ...
,
Renato Sobral,
Cub Swanson, and Lesnar's team on
The Ultimate Fighter 13, which included winner
Tony Ferguson. In 1994,
Matt Hume began his MMA career fighting in Pancrase. Hume was a pioneer of American MMA, having co-founded the
AMC Pankration gym several years prior to combine grappling and striking. He cited Suzuki, Funaki, and Ken Shamrock as significant influences on his career.
Hume was a primary coach for world champions
Josh Barnett,
Demetrious Johnson,
Jeff Monson,
and
Rich Franklin. Barnett became one of the most prominent modern catch wrestlers, also trained under Robinson and Paulson, and coached
Shayna Baszler,
Jessamyn Duke,
Marina Shafir, and
Victor Henry.
He founded the American Catch Wrestling Association (ACWA), which assembled a dominant team for the 2023 Catch Wrestling World Championships.
The ACWA then held the first modern US National Championships for catch wrestling in December 2023, with over 90 wrestlers competing across 10 weight classes.
After Wood coached her for the
2012 Olympics,
Maria Dunn and her husband Nathan Tully, a
Bolton
Bolton ( , locally ) is a town in Greater Manchester in England. In the foothills of the West Pennine Moors, Bolton is between Manchester, Blackburn, Wigan, Bury, Greater Manchester, Bury and Salford. It is surrounded by several towns and vill ...
wrestling coach, established the Snakepit Wrestling Academy in Guam.
Wood also worked with the
St Helens and
Wigan Warriors
The Wigan Warriors is an English professional rugby league club based in Wigan, Greater Manchester.
The club competes in the Super League, the top tier of the British rugby league system. Formed in 1872, the club is a founding member of the Ru ...
rugby clubs to introduce wrestling into professional rugby, with St Helens winning the
Challenge Cup
The Rugby Football League Challenge Cup, commonly known just as the Challenge Cup is a Single-elimination tournament, knockout rugby league cup competition organised by the Rugby Football League, held annually since 1896, it is the world's old ...
soon after. He coached the club for six years.
Paul Stridgeon, a student of Wood and a British freestyle champion, transitioned to professional rugby, coaching with the
Wasps
A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. Th ...
,
Toulon
Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department.
The Commune of Toulon h ...
,
Broncos,
England national team, and
Wales national team.
Snake Pit Championships
The Snake Pit organises the World Catch Wrestling Championships, British Catch Wrestling Championships, and other competitions for the sport.
2018 World Championships
The Snake Pit held its first Catch Wrestling World Championships on November 2, 2018 at the
University of Bolton Stadium, featuring competitors from the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, South Africa, Sweden, Lithuania and New Zealand. Results:
Challenge matchː Josh Barnett and heavyweight runner-up Ian Jones wrestled to a draw
Heavyweight champion Wade Barrick received the "best wrestler" award, Ian Bromley, Ian Jones, and Greg Crompton were recognised for coaching, and Roy Wood received a lifetime achievement award for sixty years of service.
2019 World Championships
The 2019 Catch Wrestling World Championships took place on November 1 at the University of Bolton Stadium. The event was held in memory of coach Ian Bromley.
Results:
Challenge matchː John Hathaway def. Nathaniel Brown
Hathaway received the Ian Bromley trophy as "best male wrestler of the night" and Olga McGlinchey received the Arthur Silcock trophy as "best female wrestler of the night."
2022 World Championships
After a two-year postponement due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
, the Catch Wrestling World Championships took place on June 4, 2022 at the University of Bolton Stadium.
The event featured 33 competitors wrestling a total of 29 matches.
Results:
Additionally, Tommy Hawthorn was awarded the Ian Bromley Cup as "best wrestler of the night", Greg Crompton received the Nathan Tully Award for "dedication to grassroots/paying it forward", and John Hathaway received the Jack Carroll award for fastest win (pin or submission).
2023 British Championships
The 2023 Catch Wrestling British Championships took place on August 5 at Robin Park Leisure Centre in
Wigan
Wigan ( ) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. The town is midway between the two cities of Manchester, to the south-east, and Liverpool, to the south-west. It is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its ad ...
, England. Entries were open to competitors residing in the
British Isles
The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebr ...
.
Results:
2023 World Championships
The 2023 Catch Wrestling World Championships took place on October 28 at the University of Bolton Stadium. Previous champions Josh Barnett and Owen Livesey faced each-other in the headline bout.
Results:
Superfightː
Owen Livesey (2022 heavyweight champion) defeated
Josh Barnett (2018 super heavyweight champion)
Angel Verduzco was named the Ian Bromley Cup "outstanding wrestler", Brett Pfarr was named "best male wrestler of the night", Nikki Hilton was named "best female wrestler of the night", Jordan Stott received the Nathan Tully award for "dedication to grassroots/paying it forward", and Mike Clark received the Jack Carroll award for fastest win (pin or submission).
2024 British Championships
The 2024 Catch Wrestling British Championships took place on August 10 at Robin Leisure Park in Wigan, England. Resultsː
2024 World Championships
The 2024 Catch Wrestling World Championships took place on September 7 at The Edge in Wigan, England as part of a two-day event. It was the first time that the town of Wigan hosted the World Championships. Wrestlers from fourteen nations competed, including the USA, Australia, Japan, Georgia, Afghanistan, Sudan, and the Netherlands.
Resultsː
Additionally, Connor Bishop received the Ian Bromley Cup "outstanding wrestler" award, Thomas Higgins received the "best male wrestler" award, Bo Geibe received the "best female wrestler award", and Leo Hawthorn received the Jack Carroll award for fastest win (pin or submission).
Notes
References
{{cite AV media , first=Ian , last=Bennett , first2=Mike , last2=Todd , date=2004 , title=Catch: The Hold Not Taken , url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bg3qTlGx3Q , language=en , publisher=Riverhorse , via=YouTube
External links
Official websiteThe Snake Piton
YouTube
YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in ...
* The Snake Pit o
InstagramFacebook an
TwitterFirst Tuesday - The Wigan Hold a 1989 edition of the documentary programme
First Tuesday focused on the gym (begins at 35:12)
Catch: The Hold Not Taken a 2004 documentary on the roots of pro wrestling and amateur wrestling featuring the gym
Buildings and structures in Wigan
Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
Grappling
Organisations based in Greater Manchester
Sport in Wigan
Sport in Greater Manchester
Sports governing bodies in the United Kingdom
Catch wrestling
Catch wrestling competitions
Freestyle wrestling
Sport wrestling
Submission wrestling
Professional wrestling schools
Wrestling clubs
Wrestling in England