Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones, 1st Baronet, (; 28 August, 183317 June, 1898) was a
British painter and designer associated with the
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (later known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James ...
which included
Dante Gabriel Rossetti,
John Millais,
Ford Madox Brown and
Holman Hunt
William Holman Hunt (2 April 1827 – 7 September 1910) was an English painter and one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. His paintings were notable for their great attention to detail, vivid colour, and elaborate symbolis ...
. Burne-Jones worked with
William Morris
William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896) was a British textile designer, poet, artist, novelist, architectural conservationist, printer, translator and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts Movement. He ...
as a founding partner in
Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co in the design of decorative arts.
Burne-Jones's early paintings show the influence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, but by 1870 he had developed his own style. In 1877, he exhibited eight oil paintings at the
Grosvenor Gallery
The Grosvenor Gallery was an art gallery in London founded in 1877 by Sir Coutts Lindsay and his wife Blanche. Its first directors were J. Comyns Carr and Charles Hallé. The gallery proved crucial to the Aesthetic Movement because it provided ...
(a new rival to the
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
). These included ''
The Beguiling of Merlin
''The Beguiling of Merlin'' is a painting by the British Pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Burne-Jones that was created between 1872 and 1877.
The painting depicts a scene from the Arthurian legend about the infatuation of Merlin with the Lady of th ...
''. The timing was right and Burne-Jones was taken up as a herald and star of the new
Aesthetic Movement
Aestheticism (also the Aesthetic movement) was an art movement in the late 19th century which privileged the aesthetic value of literature, music and the arts over their socio-political functions. According to Aestheticism, art should be prod ...
.
In the studio of Morris and Co. Burne-Jones worked as a designer of a wide range of crafts including ceramic tiles, jewellery,
tapestries, and
mosaics
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...
. Among his most significant and lasting designs are those for
stained glass windows
Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...
the production of which was a revived craft during the 19th century. His designs are still to be found in churches across the UK, with examples in the US and Australia.
Early life
Born Edward Coley Burne Jones (the hyphenation of his last names was introduced later) was born in
Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West ...
, the son of a Welshman, Edward Richard Jones, a frame-maker at
Bennetts Hill
Bennetts Hill is a street in the Core area of Birmingham City Centre, United Kingdom. It runs from New Street, uphill to Colmore Row, crossing Waterloo Street in the process. It is within the Colmore Row conservation area.
History
Bennetts ...
, where a
blue plaque
A blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person, event, or former building on the site, serving as a historical marker. The term i ...
commemorates the painter's childhood. His mother Elizabeth Jones (née Coley) died within six days of his birth, and Edward was raised by his father, and the family housekeeper, Ann Sampson, an obsessively affectionate but humourless, and unintellectual local girl. He attended Birmingham's
King Edward VI grammar school in 1844
and the
Birmingham School of Art
The Birmingham School of Art was a municipal art school based in the centre of Birmingham, England. Although the organisation was absorbed by Birmingham Polytechnic in 1971 and is now part of Birmingham City University's Faculty of Arts, Design a ...
from 1848 to 1852, before studying
theology
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
at
Exeter College, Oxford. At Oxford, he became a friend of
William Morris
William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896) was a British textile designer, poet, artist, novelist, architectural conservationist, printer, translator and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts Movement. He ...
as a consequence of a mutual interest in poetry. The two Exeter undergraduates, together with a group of Jones' friends from Birmingham known as the
Birmingham Set
The Birmingham Set, sometimes called the Birmingham Colony, the Pembroke Set or later The Brotherhood, was a group of students at the University of Oxford in England in the 1850s, most of whom were from Birmingham or had studied at King Edward's ...
, formed a society, which they called "The Brotherhood". The members of the brotherhood read the works of
John Ruskin
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and politi ...
and
Tennyson, visited churches, and idealised aspects of the aesthetics and social structure of the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
. At this time, Burne-Jones discovered
Thomas Malory's ''
Le Morte d'Arthur
' (originally written as '; inaccurate Middle French for "The Death of Arthur") is a 15th-century Middle English prose reworking by Sir Thomas Malory of tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin and the Knights of the Rou ...
'' which would become a substantial influential in his life. At that time, neither Burne-Jones nor Morris knew
Dante Gabriel Rossetti personally, but both were much influenced by his works, and later met him by recruiting him as a contributor to their ''Oxford and Cambridge Magazine'', founded by Morris in 1856 to promote the Brotherhood’s ideas.
Burne-Jones had intended to become a church minister, but under Rossetti's influence both he and Morris decided to become artists, and Burne-Jones left college before taking a degree to pursue a career in art. In February 1857, Rossetti wrote to
William Bell Scott
William Bell Scott (1811–1890) was a Scottish artist in oils and watercolour and occasionally printmaking. He was also a poet and art teacher, and his posthumously published reminiscences give a chatty and often vivid picture of life in the ...
:
Marriage and family
In 1856 Burne-Jones became engaged to
Georgiana "Georgie" MacDonald (1840–1920), one of the
MacDonald sisters
The Macdonald sisters were four English women of part-Scottish descent born during the 19th century, notable for their marriages to well-known men. Alice, Georgiana, Agnes and Louisa were the daughters of Reverend George Browne Macdonald (1805–18 ...
. She was training to be a painter, and was the sister of Burne-Jones's old school friend. The couple married in 1860, after which she made her own work in
woodcut
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that ...
s, and became a close friend of
George Eliot. (Another MacDonald sister married the artist Sir
Edward Poynter
Sir Edward John Poynter, 1st Baronet (20 March 183626 July 1919) was an English painter, designer, and draughtsman, who served as President of the Royal Academy.
Life
Poynter was the son of architect Ambrose Poynter. He was born in Paris, Fr ...
, a further sister married the ironmaster
Alfred Baldwin Alfred Baldwin may refer to:
* Alfred Baldwin (politician) (1841–1908), English businessman and Conservative MP, father of Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
* Alfred C. Baldwin III (1936–2020), "shadow man" in the 1972 Watergate break-in
*Alfr ...
and was the mother of the Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British Conservative Party politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions, ...
, and yet another sister was the mother of
Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)''The Times'', (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12. was an English novelist, short-story writer, poet, and journalist. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work.
...
. Kipling and Baldwin were thus Burne-Jones's nephews by marriage).
Georgiana gave birth to a son,
Philip
Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...
, in 1861. In the winter of 1864, she became gravely ill with
scarlet fever
Scarlet fever, also known as Scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' a Group A streptococcus (GAS). The infection is a type of Group A streptococcal infection (Group A strep). It most commonly affects childr ...
and gave birth to a second son who died soon thereafter. The family then moved to 41 Kensington Square, and their daughter Margaret was born there in 1866.
In 1867 Burne-Jones and his family settled at the Grange, an 18th-century house set in a garden in
North End, Fulham
North End was, until the last quarter of the 19th-century, a scattered hamlet among the fields and market gardens, between Counter's Creek and Walham Green in the Parish of Fulham in the County of Middlesex.
In connection with the development of ...
, London. For the 1870s Burne-Jones did not exhibit, following a number of bitterly hostile attacks in the press, and a passionate affair (described as the "emotional climax of his life") with his Greek model
Maria Zambaco
Maria Zambaco (29 April 1843, London – 14 July 1914, Paris), born Marie Terpsithea Cassavetti ( el, Μαρία Τερψιθέα Κασσαβέτη, sometimes spelled Maria Tepsithia Kassavetti or referred to as Mary), was a British artist and m ...
, which ended with her trying to commit
suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and s ...
by throwing herself in
Regent's Canal.
During these difficult years Georgiana developed a friendship with Morris, whose wife
Jane
Jane may refer to:
* Jane (given name), a feminine given name
* Jane (surname), related to the given name
Film and television
* ''Jane'' (1915 film), a silent comedy film directed by Frank Lloyd
* ''Jane'' (2016 film), a South Korean drama fil ...
had fallen in love with Rossetti. Morris and Georgie may have been in love, but if he asked her to leave her husband, she refused. In the end, the Burne-Joneses remained together, as did the Morrises, but Morris and Georgiana were close for the rest of their lives.
In 1880, the Burne-Joneses bought
Prospect House in
Rottingdean, near
Brighton
Brighton () is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze A ...
in Sussex, as their holiday home and soon after, the next door
Aubrey Cottage to create
North End House, reflecting the fact that their Fulham home was in North End Road. (Years later, in 1923,
Sir Roderick Jones, head of
Reuters
Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters Corporation. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world.
The agency was estab ...
, and his wife, playwright and novelist
Enid Bagnold, were to add the adjacent
Gothic House
Gothic House (later known as The Priory or Priory Lodge when still in residential use) is a Gothic-style building in the centre of Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove. Although it has been in commercial use for more than a c ...
to the property, which became the inspiration and setting for her play ''
The Chalk Garden
''The Chalk Garden'' is a play by Enid Bagnold that premiered in the US in 1955 and was produced in Britain the following year. It tells the story of the imperious Mrs St Maugham and her granddaughter Laurel, a disturbed child under the care of ...
'').
His troubled son Philip, who became a successful portrait painter, died in 1926. His adored daughter Margaret (died 1953) married
John William Mackail
John William Mackail (26 August 1859 – 13 December 1945) was a Scottish academic of Oxford University and reformer of the British education system.
He is most often remembered as a scholar of Virgil and as the official biographer of the so ...
(1850–1945), the friend and biographer of Morris, and Professor of Poetry at Oxford from 1911 to 1916. Their children were the novelists
Angela Thirkell
Angela Margaret Thirkell (; , 30 January 1890 – 29 January 1961) was an English and Australian novelist. She also published one novel, ''Trooper to Southern Cross'', under the pseudonym Leslie Parker.
Early life
She was the elder daughter of ...
and
Denis Mackail, and the youngest, Clare Mackail.
In an edition of the boys' magazine, Chums (No. 227, Vol. V, 13 January 1897), an article on Burne-Jones stated that "....his pet grandson used to be punished by being sent to stand in a corner with his face to the wall. One day on being sent there, he was delighted to find the wall prettily decorated with fairies, flowers, birds, and bunnies. His indulgent grandfather had utilised his talent to alleviate the tedium of his favourite's period of penance."
Artistic career
Early years: Rossetti and Morris
Burne-Jones once admitted that after leaving Oxford he "found himself at five-and-twenty what he ought to have been at fifteen". He had had no regular training as a draughtsman, and lacked the confidence of science. But his extraordinary faculty of invention as a designer was already ripening; his mind, rich in knowledge of classical story and medieval romance, teemed with pictorial subjects, and he set himself to complete his set of skills by resolute labour, witnessed by his drawings. The works of this first period are all more or less tinged by the influence of Rossetti; but they are already differentiated from the elder master's style by their more facile though less intensely felt elaboration of imaginative detail. Many are pen-and-ink drawings on
vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. Parchment is another term for this material, from which vellum is sometimes distinguished, when it is made from calfskin, as opposed to that made from other anima ...
, exquisitely finished, of which his ''Waxen Image'' (1856) is one of the earliest and best examples. Although the subject, medium and manner derive from Rossetti's inspiration, it is not the hand of a pupil merely, but of a potential master. This was recognised by Rossetti himself, who before long avowed that he had nothing more to teach him.
Burne-Jones's first sketch in oils dates from this same year, 1856, and during 1857 he made for
Bradfield College the first of what was to be an immense series of cartoons for stained glass. In 1858 he decorated a cabinet with the ''Prioress's Tale'' from
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) was an English poet, author, and civil servant best known for ''The Canterbury Tales''. He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry". He wa ...
's ''
Canterbury Tales
''The Canterbury Tales'' ( enm, Tales of Caunterbury) is a collection of twenty-four stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400. It is widely regarded as Chaucer's ''magnum opus' ...
'', his first direct illustration of the work of a poet whom he especially loved and who inspired him with endless subjects. Thus early, therefore, we see the artist busy in all the various fields in which he was to labour.
In the autumn of 1857 Burne-Jones joined Morris,
Valentine Prinsep
Valentine Cameron "Val" Prinsep (14 February 18384 November 1904) was a British painter of the Pre-Raphaelite school.
Early life
Born in Calcutta, India, he was the second child of Henry Thoby Prinsep, a civil servant of the British Raj, and ...
,
J. R. Spencer Stanhope and others in Rossetti's ill-fated scheme to
decorate
Decoration may refer to:
* Decorative arts
* A house painter and decorator's craft
* An act or object intended to increase the beauty of a person, room, etc.
* An award that is a token of recognition to the recipient intended for wearing
Other ...
the walls of the
Oxford Union. None of the painters had mastered the technique of
fresco
Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...
, and their pictures had begun to peel from the walls before they were completed. In 1859 Burne-Jones made his first journey to Italy. He saw
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
,
Pisa
Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the cit ...
,
Siena
Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.
The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...
,
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
and other places, and appears to have found the gentle and romantic
Sienese
Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.
The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...
more attractive than any other school. Rossetti's influence persisted, and is visible, more strongly perhaps than ever before, in the two
watercolours of 1860, ''Sidonia von Bork'' and ''Clara von Bork.''
Both paintings illustrate the 1849
gothic novel
Gothic fiction, sometimes called Gothic horror in the 20th century, is a loose literary aesthetic of fear and haunting. The name is a reference to Gothic architecture of the European Middle Ages, which was characteristic of the settings of ea ...
''Sidonia the Sorceress'' by
Lady Wilde
Jane Francesca Agnes, Lady Wilde (née Elgee; 27 December 1821 – 3 February 1896) was an Irish poet under the pen name Speranza and supporter of the nationalist movement. Lady Wilde had a special interest in Irish folktales, which she help ...
, a translation of ''Sidonia Von Bork: Die Klosterhexe'' (1847) by Johann Wilhelm Meinhold.
Painting
In 1864, Burne-Jones was elected an associate of the
Society of Painters in Water-Colours
The Royal Watercolour Society is a British institution of painters working in watercolours. The Society is a centre of excellence for water-based media on paper, which allows for a diverse and interesting range of approaches to the medium of wat ...
—which is known as the Old Water-Colour Society—and exhibited, among other works, ''
The Merciful Knight
''The Merciful Knight'' is a watercolour by the pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones which was completed in 1863 and is currently housed at the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery.
History
This picture is based on an 11th-century legend retold ...
'', the first picture which fully revealed his ripened personality as an artist. The next six years saw a series of fine watercolours at the same gallery.
In 1866, Mrs. Cassavetti commissioned Burne-Jones to paint her daughter,
Maria Zambaco
Maria Zambaco (29 April 1843, London – 14 July 1914, Paris), born Marie Terpsithea Cassavetti ( el, Μαρία Τερψιθέα Κασσαβέτη, sometimes spelled Maria Tepsithia Kassavetti or referred to as Mary), was a British artist and m ...
, in ''Cupid finding Psyche'', an introduction which led to their tragic affair. In 1870, Burne-Jones resigned his membership following a controversy over his painting ''Phyllis and Demophoön''.'' ''The features of Maria Zambaco were clearly recognisable in the barely draped Phyllis, and the undraped nakedness of Demophoön coupled with the suggestion of female sexual assertiveness offended
Victorian
Victorian or Victorians may refer to:
19th century
* Victorian era, British history during Queen Victoria's 19th-century reign
** Victorian architecture
** Victorian house
** Victorian decorative arts
** Victorian fashion
** Victorian literature ...
sensibilities. Burne-Jones was asked to make a slight alteration, but instead "withdrew not only the picture from the walls, but himself from the Society."During the next seven years, 1870–1877, only two works of the painter's were exhibited. These were two water-colours, shown at the
Dudley Gallery
Dudley Museum and Art Gallery was a public museum and art gallery located in the town centre of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. It was opened in 1883, situated within buildings on St James's Road, and remained at that site until its closur ...
in 1873, one of them being the beautiful ''
Love Among the Ruins'', destroyed twenty years later by a cleaner who supposed it to be an oil painting, but afterwards reproduced in oils by the painter. This silent period was, however, one of unremitting production.
Hitherto, Burne-Jones had worked almost entirely in water-colours. He now began pictures in oils, working at them in turn, and having them on hand. The first ''Briar Rose'' series, ''Laus Veneris,'' the ''Golden Stairs,'' the ''Pygmalion'' series, and ''The Mirror of Venus'' are among the works planned and completed, or carried far towards completion, during these years.
The beginnings of Burne-Jones' partnership with the fine-art photographer
Frederick Hollyer
Frederick Hollyer (17 June 1838 – 21 November 1933) was an English photographer and engraver known for his photographic reproductions of paintings and drawings, particularly those of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and for portraits of liter ...
, whose reproductions of paintings and—especially—drawings would expose an audience to Burne-Jones's works in the coming decades, began during this period.
At last, in May 1877, the day of recognition came with the opening of the first exhibition of the
Grosvenor Gallery
The Grosvenor Gallery was an art gallery in London founded in 1877 by Sir Coutts Lindsay and his wife Blanche. Its first directors were J. Comyns Carr and Charles Hallé. The gallery proved crucial to the Aesthetic Movement because it provided ...
, when the ''Days of Creation,'' ''
The Beguiling of Merlin
''The Beguiling of Merlin'' is a painting by the British Pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Burne-Jones that was created between 1872 and 1877.
The painting depicts a scene from the Arthurian legend about the infatuation of Merlin with the Lady of th ...
,'' and the ''Mirror of Venus'' were all shown. Burne-Jones followed up the signal success of these pictures with ''Laus Veneris,'' the ''Chant d'Amour,'' ''Pan and Psyche,'' and other works, exhibited in 1878. Most of these pictures are painted in brilliant colours.
A change is noticeable in 1879 in the ''Annunciation'' and in the four pictures making up the second series of ''Pygmalion and the Image''; the former of these, one of the simplest and most perfect of the artist's works, is subdued and sober; in the latter a scheme of soft and delicate tints was attempted, not with entire success. A similar temperance of colours marks ''
The Golden Stairs
__NOTOC__
''The Golden Stairs'' is one of the best-known paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones. It was begun in 1876 and exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery in 1880.Wildman and Christian (1998), pp. 246–249Wood (1997), pp. ...
,'' first exhibited in 1880.
The almost sombre ''
Wheel of Fortune The Wheel of Fortune or ''Rota Fortunae'' has been a concept and metaphor since ancient times referring to the capricious nature of Fate. Wheel of Fortune may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Art
* ''The Wheel of Fortune'' (Burne-Jo ...
'' was shown in 1883, followed in 1884 by ''
King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid,'' in which Burne-Jones once more indulged his love of gorgeous colour, refined by the period of self-restraint. He next turned to two important sets of pictures, ''The Briar Rose'' and ''The Story of Perseus,'' although these were not completed.
Decorative arts
In 1861, William Morris founded the
decorative arts
]
The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose object is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. It includes most of the arts making objects for the interiors of buildings, and interior design, but not usual ...
firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. with Rossetti, Burne-Jones,
Ford Madox Brown and Philip Webb as partners, together with
Charles Joseph Faulkner, Charles Faulkner and
Peter Paul Marshall
Peter Paul Marshall (1830 – 16 February 1900) was a Scottish civil engineer and amateur painter, and a founding partner of the decorative arts firm Morris & Co., Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co.
Marshall was born in Edinburgh, the son of loc ...
, the former of whom was a member of the Oxford Brotherhood, and the latter a friend of Brown and Rossetti.
The prospectus set forth that the firm would undertake carving,
stained glass
Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...
, metal-work, paper-hangings,
chintzes (printed fabrics), and
carpet
A carpet is a textile floor covering typically consisting of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing. The pile was traditionally made from wool, but since the 20th century synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, nylon, or polyester hav ...
s.
The decoration of churches was from the first an important part of the business. The work shown by the firm at the
1862 International Exhibition
The International Exhibition of 1862, or Great London Exposition, was a world's fair. It was held from 1 May to 1 November 1862, beside the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, London, England, on a site that now houses ...
attracted notice, and later it was flourishing. Two significant secular commissions helped establish the firm's reputation in the late 1860s: a royal project at
St. James's Palace
St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The palace gives its name to the Court of St James's, which is the monarch's royal court, and is located in the City of Westminster in London. Alt ...
and the "green dining room" at the South Kensington Museum (now the
Victoria and Albert) of 1867 which featured stained glass windows and panel figures by Burne-Jones.
In 1871 Morris & Co. were responsible for the windows at
All Saints, designed by Burne-Jones for
Alfred Baldwin Alfred Baldwin may refer to:
* Alfred Baldwin (politician) (1841–1908), English businessman and Conservative MP, father of Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
* Alfred C. Baldwin III (1936–2020), "shadow man" in the 1972 Watergate break-in
*Alfr ...
, his wife's brother-in-law. The firm was reorganised as Morris & Co. in 1875, and Burne-Jones continued to contribute designs for stained glass, and later tapestries until the end of his career. Nine windows designed by him and made by Morris & Co were installed in Holy Trinity Church in Frome.
Stained glass windows in the
Christ Church cathedral and other buildings in
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
are by Morris & Co. with designs by Burne-Jones.
[Edward Burne-Jones](_blank)
Southgate Green Association "His work included both stained-glass windows for Christ Church in Oxford and the stained glass windows for Christ Church on Southgate Green."
University of Texas
Other windows are in
St. Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham
The Cathedral Church of Saint Philip is the Church of England cathedral and the seat of the Bishop of Birmingham. Built as a parish church in the Baroque style by Thomas Archer, it was consecrated in 1715. Located on Colmore Row in central Birmin ...
,
St Martin in the Bull Ring
St Martin in the Bull Ring is a Church of England parish church in the city of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. It is the original parish church of Birmingham and stands between the Bull Ring Shopping Centre and the markets.
The church is ...
, Birmingham,
Holy Trinity Church, Sloane Square, Chelsea, St Peter and St Paul parish church in
Cromer,
St Martin's Church in
Brampton
Brampton ( or ) is a city in the Canadian Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Ontario. Brampton is a city in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and is a List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities, lower-tier municipalit ...
,
Cumbria
Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumb ...
(the church designed by
Philip Webb),
St Michael's Church, Brighton,
Trinity Church in
Frome,
All Saints, Jesus Lane
All Saints' is a church on Jesus Lane in central Cambridge, England, which was built by the architect George Frederick Bodley. The church was constructed in stages between 1863 and 1870 and is a notable example of English Gothic Revival style. ...
,
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...
,
St Edmund Hall
St Edmund Hall (sometimes known as The Hall or informally as Teddy Hall) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. The college claims to be "the oldest surviving academic society to house and educate undergraduates in any university ...
,
St Anne's Church, Brown Edge, Staffordshire Moorlands, and St Edward the Confessor church at Cheddleton Staffordshire.
Stanmore Hall was the last major decorating commission executed by Morris & Co. before Morris's death in 1896. It was the most extensive commission undertaken by the firm, and included a series of tapestries based on the story of the
Holy Grail
The Holy Grail (french: Saint Graal, br, Graal Santel, cy, Greal Sanctaidd, kw, Gral) is a treasure that serves as an important motif in Arthurian literature. Various traditions describe the Holy Grail as a cup, dish, or stone with miracul ...
for the dining room, with figures by Burne-Jones.
In 1891 Jones was elected a member of the
Art Workers Guild
The Art Workers' Guild is an organisation established in 1884 by a group of British painters, sculptors, architects, and designers associated with the ideas of William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement. The guild promoted the 'unity of a ...
.
Illustration
Although known primarily as a painter, Burne-Jones was active as an illustrator, helping the Pre-Raphaelite aesthetic to enter mainstream awareness. He designed books for the
Kelmscott Press between 1892 and 1898. His illustrations appeared in the following books, among others:
* ''The Fairy Family'' by
Archibald Maclaren
Archibald MacLaren (29 January 1820 – 19 February 1884) or Maclaren was a Scottish fencing master, gymnast, educator and author who in 1858 opened a well-equipped gymnasium at the University of Oxford where from 1860 to 1861 he trained 12 ...
(1857)
* ''
The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
''Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám'' is the title that Edward FitzGerald gave to his 1859 translation from Persian to English of a selection of quatrains (') attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of Persia".
Alth ...
'' by William Morris (1872)
* ''
The Earthly Paradise
''The Earthly Paradise'' by William Morris is an epic poem. It is a lengthy collection of retellings of various myths and legends from Greece and Scandinavia. Publication began in 1868 and several later volumes followed until 1870. The volumes w ...
'' by William Morris (not completed)
* ''The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'' by
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) was an English poet, author, and civil servant best known for ''The Canterbury Tales''. He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry". He wa ...
(1896)
* ''Bible Gallery'' by
Dalziel
Dalziel, Dalzell or Dalyell ( ) is a Scottish surname.
Pronunciation
The unintuitive spelling of the name is due to it being an anglicisation of Scottish Gaelic ''Dail-gheal'', meaning bright dale. The sound now spelled with a or is historica ...
(1881)
Design for the theatre
In 1894, theatrical manager and actor
Henry Irving
Sir Henry Irving (6 February 1838 – 13 October 1905), christened John Henry Brodribb, sometimes known as J. H. Irving, was an English stage actor in the Victorian era, known as an actor-manager because he took complete responsibility ( ...
commissioned Burne-Jones to design sets and costumes for the
Lyceum Theatre production of ''King Arthur'' by
J. Comyns Carr
Joseph William Comyns Carr (1 March 1849 – 12 December 1916), often referred to as J. Comyns Carr, was an English drama and art critic, gallery director, author, poet, playwright and theatre manager.
Beginning his career as an art critic, Car ...
, who was Burne-Jones's patron and the director of the New Gallery as well as a playwright. The play starred Irving as King Arthur and
Ellen Terry as
Guinevere
Guinevere ( ; cy, Gwenhwyfar ; br, Gwenivar, kw, Gwynnever), also often written in Modern English as Guenevere or Guenever, was, according to Arthurian legend, an early-medieval queen of Great Britain and the wife of King Arthur. First ment ...
, and toured America following its London run. Burne-Jones accepted the commission with enthusiasm, but was disappointed with much of the final result. He wrote confidentially to his friend Helen Mary Gaskell (known as May), "The armour is good—they have taken pains with it ... Perceval looked the one romantic thing in it ... I hate the stage, don't tell—but I do."
Aesthetics
Burne-Jones's paintings were one strand in the evolving tapestry of
Aestheticism from the 1860s through the 1880s, which considered that art should be valued as an object of beauty engendering a sensual response, rather than for the story or moral implicit in the subject matter. In many ways this was antithetical to the ideals of Ruskin and the early Pre-Raphaelites.
Burne-Jones's aim in art is best given in his own words, written to a friend:
I mean by a picture a beautiful, romantic dream of something that never was, never will be – in a light better than any light that ever shone – in a land no one can define or remember, only desire – and the forms divinely beautiful – and then I wake up, with the waking of Brynhild. No artist was ever more true to his aim. Ideals resolutely pursued are apt to provoke the resentment of the world, and Burne-Jones encountered, endured and conquered an extraordinary amount of angry criticism. Insofar as this was directed against the lack of realism in his pictures, it was beside the point. The earth, the sky, the rocks, the trees, the men and women of Burne-Jones are not those of this world; but they are themselves a world, consistent with itself, and having therefore its own reality. Charged with the beauty and with the strangeness of dreams, it has nothing of a dream's incoherence. Yet it is a dreamer always whose nature penetrates these works, a nature out of sympathy with struggle and strenuous action. Burne-Jones's men and women are dreamers too. It was this which, more than anything else, estranged him from the age into which he was born. But he had an inbred "revolt from fact" which would have estranged him from the actualities of any age. That criticism seems to be more justified which has found in him a lack of such victorious energy and mastery over his materials as would have enabled him to carry out his conceptions in their original intensity. Yet Burne-Jones was singularly strenuous in production. His industry was inexhaustible, and needed to be, if it was to keep pace with the constant pressure of his ideas. Whatever faults his paintings may have, they have always the fundamental virtue of design; they are always pictures. His designs were informed with a mind of romantic temper, apt in the discovery of beautiful subjects, and impassioned with a delight in pure and variegated colour.
Final years
Burne-Jones was elected an Associate of the
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
in 1885, and the following year he exhibited uniquely at the Academy, showing ''The Depths of the Sea,'' a painting of a mermaid carrying down with her a youth whom she has unconsciously drowned in the impetuosity of her love. This picture adds to the habitual haunting charm a tragic irony of conception and a felicity of execution which give it a place apart among Burne-Jones's works. He formally resigned his Associateship in 1893.
One of the ''Perseus'' series was exhibited in 1887 and two more in 1888, with ''The Brazen Tower,'' inspired by the same legend. In 1890 the second series of ''
The Legend of Briar Rose
''The Legend of Briar Rose'' is the title of a series of paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones which were completed between 1885 and 1890. The four original paintings – ''The Briar Wood'', ''The Council Chamber'', ''The Gar ...
'' were exhibited by themselves and won admiration. The huge watercolour, ''
The Star of Bethlehem,'' painted for the corporation of Birmingham, was exhibited in 1891.
A long illness for a time checked the painter's activity, which, when resumed, was much occupied with decorative schemes. An exhibition of his work was held at the
New Gallery in the winter of 1892–1893. To this period belong his comparatively few portraits.
In 1894, Burne-Jones was made a
baronet
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
. Ill-health again interrupted the progress of his works, chief among which was the vast ''
Arthur in Avalon''. In the winter following his death, a second exhibition of his works was held at the New Gallery, and an exhibition of his drawings (including some of the charmingly humorous sketches made for children) at the
Burlington Fine Arts Club
The Burlington Fine Arts Club (established 1866; dissolved 1952) was a London gentlemen's club based at 17 Savile Row.
The club had its roots in the informal Fine Arts Club, a gathering of amateur art enthusiasts, founded by John Charles Robinso ...
.
Honours
In 1881 Burne-Jones received an honorary degree from
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
, and was made an Honorary Fellow in 1882.
In 1885 he became the President of the
Birmingham Society of Artists
The Royal Birmingham Society of Artists or RBSA is an art society, based in the Jewellery Quarter in Birmingham, England, where it owns and operates an art gallery, the RBSA Gallery, on Brook Street, just off St Paul's Square. It is both a re ...
. At about that time he began hyphenating his name, merely—as he wrote later—to avoid "annihilation" in the mass of Joneses. In November 1893, he was approached to see if he would accept a Baronetcy on the recommendation of the outgoing Prime Minister
William Ewart Gladstone
William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four non-conse ...
, the following February he legally changed his name to Burne-Jones He was formally created a
baronet
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
of Rottingdean, in the county of Sussex, and of the Grange, in the parish of Fulham, in the county of London in the
baronetage of the United Kingdom
Baronets are a rank in the British aristocracy. The current Baronetage of the United Kingdom has replaced the earlier but existing Baronetages of England, Nova Scotia, Ireland, and Great Britain.
Baronetage of England (1611–1705)
James I of E ...
on 3 May 1894, but remained unhappy about accepting the honour, which disgusted his socialist friend Morris and was scorned by his equally socialist wife Georgiana. Only his son Philip, who mixed with the set of the
Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rulers ...
and would inherit the title, truly wanted it.
Morris died in 1896, and the health of the devastated Burne-Jones declined substantially. In 1898 he suffered an attack of
influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue. These symptoms ...
, and had apparently recovered when he was again taken suddenly ill, and died on 17 June 1898.
Six days later, at the intervention of the Prince of Wales, a memorial service was held at
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...
. It was the first time an artist had been so honoured. Burne-Jones' ashes were buried in the churchyard at
St Margaret's Church, Rottingdean
St Margaret's Church is an Anglican church in the village of Rottingdean, in the city of Brighton and Hove, England. It is the parish church of Rottingdean, which became part of the former Borough of Brighton in 1928. Parts of the structure date ...
, a place he knew through summer family holidays.
Elected member of the
Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium in 1897.
Influence
Burne-Jones exerted a considerable influence on French painting. He was influential among French
symbolist
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realis ...
painters, from 1889.
His work inspired poetry by
Swinburne
Algernon Charles Swinburne (5 April 1837 – 10 April 1909) was an English poet, playwright, novelist, and critic. He wrote several novels and collections of poetry such as ''Poems and Ballads'', and contributed to the famous Eleventh Edition ...
– Swinburne's 1866 ''Poems & Ballads'' is dedicated to Burne-Jones.
Three of Burne-Jones's studio assistants,
John Melhuish Strudwick
John Melhuish Strudwick (6 May 1849 in Clapham, London – 16 July 1937 in Hammersmith), was a British Pre-Raphaelite painter.
Early life
Strudwick was the son of William Strudwick (1808–1861) and Sarah Melhuish (1800–1862). He attended ...
, T. M. Rooke and
Charles Fairfax Murray
Charles Fairfax Murray (30 September 1849 – 25 January 1919) was a British painter, dealer, collector, benefactor, and art historian who was connected with the second wave of the Pre-Raphaelites.
Early years
The youngest of four children, ...
, went on to successful painting careers. Murray later became an important collector and respected
art dealer
An art dealer is a person or company that buys and sells works of art, or acts as the intermediary between the buyers and sellers of art.
An art dealer in contemporary art typically seeks out various artists to represent, and builds relationshi ...
. Between 1903 and 1907 he sold a great many works by Burne-Jones and the
Pre-Raphaelites
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (later known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James ...
to the
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, at far below their market worth. Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery now has the largest collection of works by Burne-Jones in the world, including the massive watercolour ''Star of Bethlehem'', commissioned for the Gallery in 1897. The paintings are believed by some to have influenced the young
J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (, ; 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philology, philologist. He was the author of the high fantasy works ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''.
From 1925 to 1945, Tolkien was ...
, then growing up in Birmingham.
Burne-Jones was also a very strong influence on the
Birmingham Group of artists, from the 1890s onwards.
Neglect and rediscovery
On 16 June 1933, Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British Conservative Party politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions, ...
, a nephew of Burne-Jones, officially opened the centenary exhibition featuring Burne-Jones's drawings and paintings at the
Tate Gallery
Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the U ...
in London. In his opening speech at the exhibition, Baldwin expressed what the art of Burne-Jones stood for:
But, in fact, long before 1933, Burne-Jones had fallen out of fashion in the art world, much of which soon preferred the major trends in
Modern art
Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tradi ...
, and the exhibit marking the 100th anniversary of his birth was a sad affair, poorly attended. It was not until the mid-1970s that his work began to be re-assessed and once again acclaimed, following the publication of
Martin Harrison and Bill Waters' 1973 monograph and reappraisal 'Burne-Jones'. In 1975, author
Penelope Fitzgerald published a biography of Burne-Jones, her first book. A major exhibit in 1989 at the
Barbican Art Gallery, London (in book form as: John Christian, ''The Last Romantics'', 1989), traced Burne-Jones's influence on the subsequent generation of artists, and another at
Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in ...
in 1997 explored the links between British Aestheticism and Symbolism.
A second, lavish centenary exhibit – this time marking the 100th anniversary of Burne-Jones's death – was held at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
in New York in 1998, before travelling to the
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and the
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
, Paris.
Fiona MacCarthy, in a review of Burne-Jones's legacy, notes that he was "a painter who, while quintessentially Victorian, leads us forward to the psychological and sexual introspection of the early twentieth century".
Tate: "A Visionary Oddity: Fiona MacCarthy on Edward Burne-Jones"
/ref>
Gallery
Stained and painted glass
File:Edward Burne-Jones Daniel 1873.jpg, Cartoon for ''Daniel'' window, St. Martin's-on-the-Hill, Scarborough Scarborough or Scarboro may refer to:
People
* Scarborough (surname)
* Earl of Scarbrough
Places Australia
* Scarborough, Western Australia, suburb of Perth
* Scarborough, New South Wales, suburb of Wollongong
* Scarborough, Queensland, sub ...
, 1873
File:Boston Trinity Church 04.jpg, Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris
William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896) was a British textile designer, poet, artist, novelist, architectural conservationist, printer, translator and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts Movement. He ...
' Nativity windows (1882), Trinity Church, Boston
File:USA Massachusetts Boston Trinity Nativity-window.jpg, ''The Worship of the Magi
Magi (; singular magus ; from Latin ''magus'', cf. fa, مغ ) were priests in Zoroastrianism and the earlier religions of the western Iranians. The earliest known use of the word ''magi'' is in the trilingual inscription written by Darius th ...
'' window (1882), Trinity Church, Boston.
File:USA Massachusetts Boston Trinity-Nativity-detail-2.jpg, ''The Worship of the Shepherds'' window (1882), Trinity Church, Boston
File:Burnejoneswindow.jpg, Nativity scene in St Mary's Church, Huish Episcopi, Somerset
( en, All The People of Somerset)
, locator_map =
, coordinates =
, region = South West England
, established_date = Ancient
, established_by =
, preceded_by =
, origin =
, lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
, lord_ ...
File:David Burne-Jones.jpg, ''David'' 1872, in St Michael and All Angels, Waterford, Hertfordshire
Waterford is a village in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located on the A119 road, around 2.5 km (1.6 miles) north of Hertford. The River Beane flows through the village. It is in the civil parish of St ...
File:Miriam Burne-Jones.jpg, ''Miriam'', 1872 in St Michael and All Angels, Waterford, Hertfordshire
Waterford is a village in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located on the A119 road, around 2.5 km (1.6 miles) north of Hertford. The River Beane flows through the village. It is in the civil parish of St ...
File:E.Burne-Jones Justice St.Andrew&St.Paul.jpg, ''Justice'', Church of St. Andrew and St. Paul
The Church of Saint Andrew and St Paul is a Presbyterian Church in Canada, Presbyterian church (building), church in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 3415 Redpath Street, on the corner of Sherbrooke Street (Quebec Route 138, Ro ...
, Montreal
File:E.Burne-Jones Miriam St.Giles.jpg, ''Miriam'', 1886 in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh
File:Salvator Mundi Burne-Jones.jpg, ''Christ as Salvator Mundi'', 1896 in St Michael and All Angels, Waterford, Hertfordshire
Waterford is a village in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located on the A119 road, around 2.5 km (1.6 miles) north of Hertford. The River Beane flows through the village. It is in the civil parish of St ...
File:St Cecilia narthex.jpg, St. Cecilia window, Second Presbyterian Church (Chicago, Illinois)
Second Presbyterian Church is a landmark Gothic Revival church located on South Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, United States. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some of Chicago's most prominent families attended this ...
File:Staveley crucifixion.jpg, Crucifixion
Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the victim is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross or beam and left to hang until eventual death from exhaustion and asphyxiation. It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthagin ...
window in St James's Church, Staveley Staveley may refer to:
Places
* Staveley, Cumbria, village in the former county of Westmorland and now in Cumbria, England
** Staveley railway station
* Staveley-in-Cartmel, village formerly in Lancashire, now in Cumbria, England
* Staveley, D ...
, Cumbria
File:Staveley angel playing harp.JPG, Angel window in St. James's Church, Staveley, Cumbria
File:Old West Kirk EBJ Faith.jpg, ''Faith'' in the Old West Kirk, Greenock
File:Old West Kirk EBJ Music.jpg, ''Music'' in the Old West Kirk, Greenock
File:Bellringers 003.jpg, St Agnes of Rome and Catherine of Alexandria, St Paul, Irton
St Paul, Irton is an active parish church in the civil parish of Irton with Santon, Cumbria, England. It is in the Calder Deanery of the Anglican diocese of Carlisle and is part of the Benefice#Church of England, benefice of Black Combe, Drigg, ...
.
Drawings
File:Edward Burne-Jones The Knights Farewell.jpg, ''The Knight's Farewell'', pen-and-ink on vellum, 1858
File:Edward Burne-Jones Going to the Battle 1858.jpg, ''Going to the Battle'', pen-and-ink with gray wash on vellum, 1858
File:Dalziel Brothers after Edward Burne-Jones King Sigurd 1862.png, ''King Sigurd'', wood-engraving by the Dalziel Bros. after a pen-and-ink drawing, 1862
File:Burne-Jones Ignacy Jan Paderewski.jpg, ''Portrait of Ignacy Jan Paderewski'', 1892
Paintings
Early works
File:Burne ,Princess Sabra Led to the Dragon.jpg, ''The Princess Sabra Led to the Dragon,'' 1866
File:Edward Burne-Jones Maria Zambaco 1870.jpg, ''Portrait of Maria Zambaco
Maria Zambaco (29 April 1843, London – 14 July 1914, Paris), born Marie Terpsithea Cassavetti ( el, Μαρία Τερψιθέα Κασσαβέτη, sometimes spelled Maria Tepsithia Kassavetti or referred to as Mary), was a British artist and m ...
'', 1870
File:Edward Burne-Jones Phyllis and Demophoon 1870.jpg, ''Phyllis and Demophoön'', 1870
File:Edward Burne-Jones Temperantia 1872.jpg, ''Temperantia'', 1872
''Pygmalion'' ''(first series)''
File:The Heart Desires, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Heart Desires'', 1868–70
File:The Hand Refrains, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones)i.jpg, '' The Hand Refrains'', 1868–1870
File:The Godhead Fires, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Godhead Fires'', 1868–70
File:The Soul Attains, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Soul Attains'', 1868–70
'' Pygmalion and the Image'' ''(second series)''
File:The Heart Desires, 2nd series, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Heart Desires'', 1878
File:The Hand Refrains, 2nd series, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Hand Refrains'', 1878
File:The Godhead Fires, 2nd series, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Godhead Fires'', 1878
File:The Soul Attains, 2nd series, Pygmalion (Burne-Jones).jpg, '' The Soul Attains'', 1878
The Grosvenor Gallery years
File:Edward Burne-Jones Pan and Psyche.jpg, ''Pan and Psyche'', 1874
File:Edward Burne-Jones The Annunciation.jpg, ''The Annunciation'', 1879
File:Burnejones3.jpg, ''The Angel'', 1881
File:The Mill by Edward Burne-Jones.jpg, ''The Mill'', 1882
File:Edward Burne-Jones - An Angel Playing a Flageolet.jpg, ''An Angel Playing a Flageolet'' - Sudley House, Liverpool, England
''The Legend of Briar Rose'' ''(second series)''
File:Briar Wood Buscot Park.jpg, ''The Briar Wood'', completed 1890
File:The Council Chamber Buscot Park.jpg, ''The Council Chamber'', 1890
File:The Garden Court Buscot Park.jpg, ''The Garden Court'', 1890
File:The Rose Bower Buscot Park.jpg, ''The Rose Bower'', 1890
Later works
File:Edward Burne-Jones - Perseus.jpeg, ''The Doom Fulfilled'', 1888 (Perseus Cycle 7)
File:If looks could kill.jpg, ''The Baleful Head'', 1887 (Perseus Cycle 8)
File:Edward Burne-Jones Star of Bethlehem.jpg, '' The Star of Bethlehem'', 1890
File:Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones - Vespertina Quies - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Vespertina Quies'', 1893
File:Burne-jones-love-among-the-ruins.jpg, '' Love Among the Ruins'', 1894 recreation in oils
File:Burne-Jones Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon v2.jpg, '' The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon'' 1881–1898
Decorative arts
File:Rubaiyat Morris Burne-Jones Manuscript.jpg, Illuminated manuscript of the '' Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam'' by William Morris, illustrated by Burne-Jones with a variant of '' Love Among the Ruins'', 1870s
File:Holy Grail Tapestry -The Arming and Departure of the Kniights.jpg, ''The Arming and Departure of the Knights'', one of the Holy Grail tapestries
The Holy Grail or San Graal tapestries are a set of six tapestries depicting scenes from the legend of King Arthur and the quest for the Holy Grail. The tapestries were commissioned from Morris & Co. by William Knox D'Arcy in 1890 for his dining ...
, 1890s, figures by Burne-Jones.
File:Kelmscott Troilus.jpg, A page from the Kelmscott ''Chaucer'', decoration by Morris and illustration by Burne-Jones, 1896
Theatre
File:Carrcraven7.jpg, Scene from ''King Arthur'', sets by Burne-Jones, 1895
File:Ellen Terry as Guinevere costume by Burne-Jones.jpg, Ellen Terry as Guinevere, costume by Burne-Jones, 1894
Photographs
File:Frederick Hollyer Morris and Burne-Jones Families 1874.jpg, The Burne-Jones and Morris families in the garden at the Grange, 1874, photograph by Frederick Hollyer
Frederick Hollyer (17 June 1838 – 21 November 1933) was an English photographer and engraver known for his photographic reproductions of paintings and drawings, particularly those of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and for portraits of liter ...
File:Frederick Hollyer portrait of Edward Burne-Jones c1882.jpg, Edward Burne-Jones, c. 1882 (Hollyer)
File:Frederick Hollyer portrait of Georgiana Burne-Jones c1882.jpg, Georgiana Burne-Jones, c. 1882 (Hollyer)
File:Frederick Hollyer Garden Studio at the Grange 1887.jpg, Burne-Jones's garden studio at the Grange, 1887 (Hollyer)
See also
* List of paintings by Edward Burne-Jones
This is a list of the paintings of the British Pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones.
1850s
1860s
*'' Girls in a Meadow'' (1860), private collection.
*'' Sidonia von Bork 1560'' (1860), Tate Britain, London.
*'' Clara von Bork 1560'' (186 ...
* ''The Flower Book''
Stained Glass Designs for the Vinland House, 1881
References
;Notes
;Citations
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Further reading
*
*Arscott, Caroline. ''William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones: Interlacings,'' (New Haven and London: Yale University Press (Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art), 2008). .
Volume I
an
Volume II
(1911 reprint)
*
* Marsh, Jan, ''Jane and May Morris: A Biographical Story 1839–1938'', London, Pandora Press, 1986 .
* Marsh, Jan, ''Jane and May Morris: A Biographical Story 1839–1938'' (updated edition, privately published by author), London, 2000.
*
*
*
*
External links
Online Burne-Jones Catalogue Raisonné
*
*
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060328043558/http://www.artmagick.com/exhibitions/exhibition.aspx?id=360 The Age of Rossetti, Burne-Jones and Watts: Symbolism in Britain 1860–1910Online version of exhibit at the Tate Britain 16 October 19974 January 1998, with 100 works by Burne-Jones, at Art Magick
Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery's Pre-Raphaelite Online Resource
Large online collection of the works of Edward Burne Jones
Lady Lever Art Gallery
Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon'' (1881)
in th
Museo de Arte de Ponce
Pre-Raphaelite online resource project website
at the Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (BM&AG) is a museum and art gallery in Birmingham, England. It has a collection of international importance covering fine art, ceramics, metalwork, jewellery, natural history, archaeology, ethnography, local ...
, with about a thousand paintings on canvas and works on paper by Edward Burne-Jones
Burne-Jones Stained Glass Windows in Cumbria
The Pre-Raphaelite Church – Brampton
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070624142247/http://www.church.speldhurst.org/glass%201.asp Speldhurst Church
Phryne's list of pictures in public galleries in the UK
at the University of Missouri
The University of Missouri (Mizzou, MU, or Missouri) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Columbia, Missouri. It is Missouri's largest university and the flagship of the four-campus Universit ...
Libraries. Personal papers of a Burne-Jones scholar.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burne-Jones, Edward
1833 births
1898 deaths
19th-century English painters
English male painters
British stained glass artists and manufacturers
Pre-Raphaelite painters
Christian artists
Artists from Birmingham, West Midlands
People from Fulham
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
People educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham
Associates of the Royal Academy
Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Artists' Rifles soldiers
Morris & Co.
Alumni of the Birmingham School of Art
Burne-Jones family
Mosaicists