A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike

herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition ...

s, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter

height Height is measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall" something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is). For example, "The height of that building is 50 m" or "The height of an airplane in-flight is ab ...

, less than tall. Small shrubs, less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall are sometimes termed as

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or dwarf shrub is a short shrub, and is a woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Der ...

s. Many botanical groups have species that are shrubs, and others that are trees and herbaceous plants instead. Some definitions state that a shrub is less than and a tree is over 6 m. Others use as the cut-off point for classification. Many species of tree may not reach this mature height because of hostile less than ideal growing conditions, and resemble a shrub-sized plant. However, such species have the potential to grow taller under the ideal growing conditions for that plant. In terms of longevity, most shrubs fit in a class between perennials and trees; some may only last about five years even in good conditions, others, usually the larger and more woody ones, may live to 70 or more, but on average they last 7–10 years.

Shrubland Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity. It m ...

is the natural landscape dominated by various shrubs; there are many distinct types around the world, including fynbos,

maquis Maquis may refer to: Resistance groups * Maquis (World War II), predominantly rural guerrilla bands of the French Resistance * Spanish Maquis, guerrillas who fought against Francoist Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War * The network ...

, shrub-steppe, shrub swamp and

moorland Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils. Moorland, nowadays, generally ...

. In gardens and parks, an area largely dedicated to shrubs (now somewhat less fashionable than a century ago) is called a shrubbery, shrub border or shrub garden. There are many garden cultivars of shrubs, bred for flowering, for example

rhododendron ''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nati ...

s, and sometimes even leaf colour or shape. Compared to trees and herbaceous plants, perhaps a relatively small number of shrubs have agricultural or commercial uses. Apart from the several berry-bearing species (using the culinary rather than botanical definition), few are eaten directly, and they are generally too small for much timber use unlike trees. Those that are used include several perfumed species such as lavender and

rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can b ...

, and a wide range of plants with medicinal uses. Tea and

coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of ...

are on the tree-shrub boundary; they are normally harvested from shrub-sized plants, but these would be large enough to become small trees if left to grow instead.

Definition

Shrubs are perennial woody plants, and therefore have persistent woody stems above ground (compare with succulent stems of

s). Usually, shrubs are distinguished from trees by their height and multiple stems. Some shrubs are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, a ...

(e.g. hawthorn) and others evergreen (e.g. holly).

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

philosopher Theophrastus divided the plant world into trees, shrubs and herbs. Small, low shrubs, generally less than tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of

, are often termed as

s. Most definitions characterize shrubs as possessing multiple stems with no main trunk below. This is because the stems have branched below ground level. There are exceptions to this, with some shrubs having main trunks, but these tend to be very short and divide into multiple stems close to ground level without a reasonable length beforehand. Many trees can grow in multiple stemmed forms also while being tall enough to be trees, such as oak or ash.

Use in gardens and parks

An area of cultivated shrubs in a

park A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are green spaces set aside for recreation inside towns and cities. ...

or a

garden A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate bot ...

is known as a shrubbery. When clipped as topiary, suitable species or varieties of shrubs develop dense foliage and many small leafy

branch A branch, sometimes called a ramus in botany, is a woody structural member connected to the central trunk of a tree (or sometimes a shrub). Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs. The term '' twig'' usually ...

es growing close together. Many shrubs respond well to renewal pruning, in which hard cutting back to a " stool", removes everything but vital parts of the plant, resulting in long new stems known as "canes". Other shrubs respond better to selective pruning to dead or unhealthy, or otherwise unattractive parts to reveal their structure and character. Shrubs in common garden practice are generally considered broad-leaved plants, though some smaller conifers such as mountain pine and common juniper are also shrubby in structure. Species that grow into a shrubby habit may be either

or evergreen.

Botanical structure

Scrub brush vegetation in south TX IMG 6069

botany Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "bot ...

and ecology, a shrub is more specifically used to describe the particular physical canopy structure or plant life-form of woody plants which are less than high and usually multiple stems arising at or near the surface of the ground. For example, a descriptive system widely adopted in Australia is based on structural characteristics based on life-form, plus the height and amount of foliage cover of the tallest layer or dominant

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

.Costermans, L. F. (1993) ''Native trees and shrubs of South-Eastern Australia''. rev. ed. For shrubs that are high, the following structural forms are categorized: * dense foliage cover (70–100%) — closed-shrubs * mid-dense foliage cover (30–70%) — open-shrubs * sparse foliage cover (10–30%) — tall shrubland * very sparse foliage cover (<10%) — tall open shrubland For shrubs less than high, the following structural forms are categorized: * dense foliage cover (70–100%) — closed- heath or closed low shrubland—(''North America'') * mid-dense foliage cover (30–70%) — open-heath or mid-dense low shrubland—(''North America'') * sparse foliage cover (10–30%) — low shrubland * very sparse foliage cover (<10%) — low open shrubland

List of shrubs

Those marked with * can also develop into tree form if in ideal conditions. ;A * '' Abelia'' (Abelia) * ''

Acer Acer may refer to: * ''Acer'' (plant), the genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples * Acer Inc., a computer company in Taiwan ** Acer Laboratories Incorporated, a subsidiary company of Acer, Inc., that designs and manufactures integrate ...

'' (Maple) * * '' Actinidia'' (Actinidia) * '' Aloe'' (Aloe) * '' Aralia'' (Angelica Tree, Hercules' Club) * * '' Arctostaphylos'' ( Bearberry, Manzanita) * * '' Aronia'' (Chokeberry) * '' Artemisia'' ( Sagebrush) * '' Aucuba'' (Aucuba) ;B * '' Berberis'' (Barberry) * '' Bougainvillea'' (Bougainvillea) * '' Brugmansia'' (Angel's trumpet) * '' Buddleja'' (Butterfly bush) * '' Buxus'' (Box) * ;C * '' Calia'' (Mescalbean) * '' Callicarpa'' (Beautyberry) * * '' Callistemon'' (Bottlebrush) * * '' Calluna'' (Heather) * '' Calycanthus'' (Sweetshrub) * ''

Camellia ''Camellia'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. They are found in eastern and southern Asia, from the Himalayas east to Japan and Indonesia. There are more than 220 described species, with some controvers ...

'' (Camellia, Tea) * * '' Caragana'' ( Pea-tree) * * ''

Carpenteria ''Carpenteria'' , the tree anemone or bush anemone, is a genus of flowering plants in the hydrangea family Hydrangeaceae. It is closely related to the similar genus ''Philadelphus'' and is monotypic, being represented by the single species ''C ...

'' (Carpenteria) * '' Caryopteris'' ( Blue Spiraea) * '' Cassiope'' ( Moss-heather) * '' Ceanothus'' (Ceanothus) * * '' Celastrus'' (Staff vine) * * ''

Ceratostigma ''Ceratostigma'' (;), or leadwort, plumbago, is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Common names are shared with the genus ''Plumbago''. De ...

'' (

Hardy Plumbago Hardy may refer to: People * Hardy (surname) * Hardy (given name) * Hardy (singer), American singer-songwriter Places Antarctica * Mount Hardy, Enderby Land * Hardy Cove, Greenwich Island * Hardy Rocks, Biscoe Islands Australia * Hardy, Sout ...

) * '' Cercocarpus'' (Mountain-mahogany) * * '' Chaenomeles'' (Japanese Quince) * '' Chamaebatiaria'' (Fernbush) * ''

Chamaedaphne ''Chamaedaphne calyculata'', known commonly as leatherleaf or cassandra, is a perennial dwarf shrub in the plant family Ericaceae and the only species in the genus ''Chamaedaphne''. It is commonly seen in cold, acidic bogs and forms large, spread ...

'' (Leatherleaf) * '' Chimonanthus'' (Wintersweet) * '' Chionanthus'' (Fringe-tree) * * '' Choisya'' (Mexican-orange Blossom) * * '' Cistus'' (Rockrose) * '' Clerodendrum'' (Clerodendrum) * '' Clethra'' (Summersweet, Pepperbush) * * ''

Clianthus ''Clianthus'', commonly known as kakabeak (''kōwhai ngutukākā'' in Māori), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, comprising two species of shrubs native to New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers ...

'' (

Glory Pea Glory may refer to: Honor and renown * Glory (honor), high renown, praise, and honor obtained by notable achievements * ''Kleos'', the Greek word for "glory", often translated to "renown" (what others hear about you) Arts and entertainment Ficti ...

) * ''

Colletia ''Colletia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, with five species of spiny shrubs. All species of this genus are native to southern South America. They are non-legume nitrogen fixer Actinorhizal plants are a group of angios ...

'' (Colletia) * '' Colutea'' (Bladder Senna) * '' Comptonia'' (Sweetfern) * '' Cornus'' (Dogwood) * * '' Corylopsis'' (Winter-hazel) * * '' Cotinus'' (Smoketree) * * '' Cotoneaster'' (Cotoneaster) * * '' Cowania'' ( Cliffrose) * '' Crataegus'' (Hawthorn) * * ''

Crinodendron ''Crinodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Elaeocarpaceae. The eight species are evergreen shrubs or small trees native to the forests of Chile. They have narrow, leathery evergreen leaves and pendent bell-shaped flo ...

'' (Crinodendron) * * '' Cytisus'' and allied genera (

Broom A broom (also known in some forms as a broomstick) is a cleaning tool consisting of usually stiff fibers (often made of materials such as plastic, hair, or corn husks) attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. ...

) * ;D * '' Daboecia'' ( Heath) * '' Danae'' (Alexandrian laurel) * '' Daphne'' (Daphne) * '' Decaisnea'' (Decaisnea) * '' Dasiphora'' (Shrubby Cinquefoil) * '' Dendromecon'' (Tree poppy) * ''

Desfontainea ''Chiropetalum'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1832. It is widespread across relatively dry regions of North and South America from Texas to Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic ...

'' (Desfontainea) * '' Deutzia'' (Deutzia) * '' Diervilla'' (Bush honeysuckle) * '' Dipelta'' (Dipelta) * '' Dirca'' (Leatherwood) * '' Dracaena'' (Dragon tree) * * ''

Drimys ''Drimys'' is a genus of about eight species of woody evergreen flowering plants, in the family Winteraceae. The species are native to the Neotropics, ranging from southern Mexico to the southern tip of South America. They are primitive dicots ...

'' (

Winter's Bark ''Drimys winteri'', the winter's bark or canelo, is a slender tree in the family Winteraceae, growing up to tall. It is native to the Magellanic and Valdivian temperate rain forests of Chile and Argentina, where it is a dominant tree in the coas ...

) * * '' Dryas'' (Mountain Avens) ;E * ''

Edgeworthia ''Edgeworthia'' (paper bush) is a genus of plants in the family Thymelaeaceae. When the genus was first described, it was published twice in the same year (1841), in two separate publications: '; and ''Denkschriften der Regensburgischen Botanisch ...

'' (Paper Bush) * * '' Elaeagnus'' ( Elaeagnus) * * '' Embothrium'' (

Chilean Firebush ''Embothrium coccineum'', Chilean firetree or Chilean firebush, commonly known in Chile and Argentina as ''notro'', ''ciruelillo'' and ''fósforo'' is a small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Proteaceae. It grows in the temperate fo ...

) * * ''

Empetrum ''Empetrum'' is a genus of three species of dwarf evergreen shrubs in the heath family Ericaceae. They are commonly known as crowberries and bear edible fruit. They are commonly found in the northern hemisphere, from temperate to subarctic clima ...

'' ( Crowberry) * ''

Enkianthus ''Enkianthus'' is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the heath family (Ericaceae). Its native range is in Asia, as far west as the eastern Himalayas, as far south as Indochina, and as far north and east as China and Japan. This genus is consid ...

'' (

Pagoda Bush A pagoda is an Asian tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most often Buddhist but sometimes Taois ...

) * '' Ephedra'' (Ephedra) * '' Epigaea'' ( Trailing Arbutus) * '' Erica'' ( Heath) * '' Eriobotrya'' (Loquat) * * ''

Escallonia ''Escallonia'' is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Escalloniaceae. They are native to North and South America. Taxonomy Currently valid species in ''Escallonia'' are: * ''Escallonia alpina'' * ''Escallonia angustifolia'' * ''Esc ...

'' (Escallonia) * '' Eucryphia'' (Eucryphia) * * '' Euonymus'' (Spindle) * * '' Exochorda'' (Pearl Bush) ;F * '' Fabiana'' (Fabiana) * '' Fallugia'' (Apache Plume) * '' Fatsia'' (Fatsia) * '' Forsythia'' (Forsythia) * '' Fothergilla'' (Fothergilla) * '' Franklinia'' (Franklinia) * * ''

Fremontodendron ''Fremontodendron'', with the common names fremontia and flannelbush or flannel bush, is a genus of three known species of shrubs native plant, native to the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico. Taxonomy They are within the botanical ...

'' (Flannelbush) * ''

Fuchsia ''Fuchsia'' () is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees. The first to be scientifically described, ''Fuchsia triphylla'', was discovered on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic ...

'' (Fuchsia) * ;G * '' Garrya'' (Silk-tassel) * * '' Gaultheria'' ( Salal) * ''

Gaylussacia ''Gaylussacia'' is a genus of about fifty species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae, native to the Americas, where they occur in eastern North America and in South America in the Andes and the mountains of southeastern Brazil (the ...

'' ( Huckleberry) * '' Genista'' (

) * * '' Gordonia'' (

Loblolly-bay ''Gordonia lasianthus'' (loblolly-bay, holly-bay, gordonia, or bay) is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree or shrub found in acidic, swampy soils of pinelands and bays on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the southeastern United States. ...

) * * '' Grevillea'' (Grevillea) * '' Griselinia'' (Griselinia) * ;H * '' Hakea'' (Hakea) * * ''

Halesia ''Halesia'', also known as silverbell or snowdrop tree, is a small genus of four or five species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae. Range They are native to eastern Asia (southeast China) and eastern North Am ...

'' (

Silverbell ''Halesia'', also known as silverbell or snowdrop tree, is a small genus of four or five species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae. Range They are native to eastern Asia (southeast China) and eastern North A ...

) * * '' Halimium'' (Rockrose) * ''

Hamamelis Witch-hazels or witch hazels (''Hamamelis'') are a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with three species in North America ('' H. ovalis'', '' H. virginiana'', and '' H. vernalis''), and one each in Japan ('' H.&nb ...

'' (Witch-hazel) * * '' Hebe'' (Hebe) * '' Hedera'' (Ivy) * '' Helianthemum'' (Rockrose) * ''

Hibiscus ''Hibiscus'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), gras ...

'' (Hibiscus) * * '' Hippophae'' (Sea-buckthorn) * * '' Hoheria'' (Lacebark) * * ''

Holodiscus ''Holodiscus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the Americas, from southwestern British Columbia, Canada and the western United States south to Bolivia. The species are deciduous shrubs, growing to tall. Species ...

'' (

Creambush ''Holodiscus discolor'', commonly known as ocean spray or oceanspray, creambush, or ironwood, is a shrub of western North America. Description ''Holodiscus discolor'' is a fast-growing deciduous shrub usually from to in height, and up to ta ...

) * '' Hudsonia'' (Hudsonia) * '' Hydrangea'' (Hydrangea) * '' Hypericum'' ( Rose of Sharon) * '' Hyssopus'' (Hyssop) ;I * '' Ilex'' ( Holly) * * '' Illicium'' (

Star Anise ''Illicium verum'' is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to northeast Vietnam and southwest China. A spice commonly called star anise, staranise, star anise seed, star aniseed, star of anise, Chinese star anise, or badian that closely resembl ...

) * * '' Indigofera'' (Indigo) * '' Itea'' (

Sweetspire ''Itea virginica'', commonly known as Virginia willow or Virginia sweetspire, is a small North American flowering shrub that grows in low-lying woods and wetland margins. Virginia willow is a member of the Iteaceae family, and native to the south ...

) ;J * ''

Jamesia ''Jamesia'' is a genus of shrubs in the Hydrangeaceae, most commonly known as Jamesia, cliffbush or waxflower. It is native to interior western North America, in the U.S. states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wy ...

'' (Cliffbush) * '' Jasminum'' (Jasmine) * '' Juniperus'' (Juniper) * ;K * '' Kalmia'' (Mountain-laurel) * '' Kerria'' (Kerria) * ''

Kolkwitzia ''Linnaea amabilis'', also known under the synonym ''Kolkwitzia amabilis'' and the English name beauty bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is a deciduous shrub grown as an ornamental plant. In China, where it ...

'' ( Beauty-bush) ;L * '' Lagerstroemia'' (Crape-myrtle) * * '' Lapageria'' (Copihue) * '' Lantana'' (Lantana) * '' Lavandula'' (Lavender) * ''

Lavatera ''Malva'' is a genus of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae. It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the ...

'' (Tree Mallow) * ''

Ledum ''Ledum'' was a genus in the family Ericaceae, including 8 species of evergreen shrubs native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and commonly known as Labrador tea. It is now recognised as a subsection of section R ...

'' (Ledum) * ''

Leitneria ''Leitneria floridana'' (corkwood), the sole species in the genus ''Leitneria'', is a deciduous dioecious shrub or small tree, found only in the southern United States states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Texas. It grows ...

'' (Corkwood) * * '' Lespedeza'' (Bush Clover) * * ''

Leptospermum ''Leptospermum'' is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the myrtle family Myrtaceae commonly known as tea trees, although this name is sometimes also used for some species of ''Melaleuca''. Most species are endemic to Australia, with the greate ...

'' (Manuka) * * '' Leucothoe'' (Doghobble) * ''

Leycesteria ''Leycesteria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, native to temperate Asia in the Himalaya and southwestern China. It contains six or seven species of shrubs with short-lived stems with soft wood, growing ...

'' (Leycesteria) * '' Ligustrum'' (Privet) * * '' Lindera'' (Spicebush) * * '' Linnaea'' (Twinflower) * '' Lonicera'' (Honeysuckle) * '' Lupinus'' (Tree Lupin) * ''

Lycium ''Lycium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution around the globe, with species occurring on most continents in temperate and subtropical regions. South America has the most spec ...

'' (Boxthorn) ;M * '' Magnolia'' (Magnolia) * '' Mahonia'' (Mahonia) * ''

Malpighia ''Malpighia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nance family, Malpighiaceae. It contains about 45 species of shrubs or small trees, all of which are native to the American tropics. The generic name honours Marcello Malpighi, a 17th-centur ...

'' (

Acerola ''Malpighia emarginata'' is a tropical fruit-bearing shrub or small tree in the family Malpighiaceae. Common names include acerola cherry, Guarani cherry, Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry, and wild crepe myrtle. Acerola is native to Paragu ...

) * '' Menispermum'' (Moonseed) * ''

Menziesia ''Menziesia'' was a genus of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. More recently it has been reclassified within the genus '' Rhododendron''. it was formally transferred in 2011. Species * ''Menziesia ciliicalyx'' (Miq.) Maxim. = '' Rhododend ...

'' (Menziesia) * '' Mespilus'' ( Medlar) * * ''

Microcachrys ''Microcachrys tetragona'', the creeping pine or creeping strawberry pine, is a species of dioecious conifer belonging to the podocarp family (Podocarpaceae).Christopher N. Page. 1990. "Podocarpaceae" pages 332-346. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general ...

'' (Microcachrys) * '' Myrica'' (Bayberry) * * '' Myricaria'' (Myricaria) * ''

Myrtus ''Myrtus'' (commonly called myrtle) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753. Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved ...

'' and allied genera (Myrtle) * ;N * '' Neillia'' (Neillia) * '' Nerium'' (Oleander) ;O * '' Olearia'' (Daisy bush) * * '' Osmanthus'' (Osmanthus) ;P * '' Pachysandra'' (Pachysandra) * '' Paeonia'' (Tree-peony) * '' Persoonia'' (Geebungs) * ''

Philadelphus ''Philadelphus'' () (mock-orange) is a genus of about 60 species of shrubs from 3–20 ft (1–6 m) tall, native to North America, Central America, Asia and (locally) in southeast Europe. They are named "mock-orange" in reference to their ...

'' (Mock orange) * * '' Phlomis'' ( Jerusalem Sage) * ''

Photinia ''Photinia'' () is a genus of about 30 species of small trees and large shrubs, but the taxonomy has recently varied greatly, with the genera ''Heteromeles'', ''Stranvaesia'' and ''Aronia'' sometimes included in ''Photinia''. They are a part of ...

'' (Photinia) * * ''

Physocarpus ''Physocarpus'', commonly called ninebark, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to North America (most species) and northeastern Asia (one species). Description ''Physocarpus'' are deciduous shrubs with peeling bark

'' (Ninebark) * * ''

Pieris Pieris may refer to: Organisms * ''Pieris'' (plant), the andromeda or fetterbush, a plant genus in the family Ericaceae * ''Pieris'' (butterfly), the garden whites, a butterfly genus in the family Pieridae * ''Pieris'', a synonym of the genus ...

'' (Pieris) * '' Pistacia'' (

Pistachio The pistachio (, ''Pistacia vera''), a member of the cashew family, is a small tree originating from Central Asia and the Middle East. The tree produces seeds that are widely consumed as food. ''Pistacia vera'' is often confused with other sp ...

, Mastic) * * '' Pittosporum'' (Pittosporum) * * '' Plumbago'' (Leadwort) * '' Polygala'' (Milkwort) * '' Poncirus'' * * '' Prunus'' (Cherry) * * ''

Purshia ''Purshia'' (bitterbrush or cliff-rose) is a small genus of 5–8 species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae which are native to western North America. Description ''Purshia'' species form deciduous or evergreen shrubs, typically reach ...

'' ( Antelope Bush) * '' Pyracantha'' (Firethorn) ;Q * '' Quassia'' (Quassia) * * '' Quercus'' (Oak) * * '' Quillaja'' (

Quillay ''Quillaja saponaria'', the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. In Chile it occurs from 32 to 40° South Latitude approximately and at up to 2000 m (6500&n ...

) * '' Quintinia'' (

Tawheowheo ''Quintinia serrata'', the tawheowheo, is a species of evergreen trees in the genus ''Quintinia'' endemic to New Zealand. This plant has different patterns of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside) in its leaves to pr ...

) * ;R * '' Rhamnus'' (Buckthorn) * * ''

Rhododendron ''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nati ...

'' (Rhododendron, Azalea) * * ''

Rhus Sumac ( or ), also spelled sumach, is any of about 35 species of flowering plants in the genus ''Rhus'' and related genera in the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Sumacs grow in subtropical and temperate regions throughout the world, including Eas ...

'' (Sumac) * * '' Ribes'' (Currant, Gooseberry) * ''

Romneya ''Romneya'' () is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the poppy family (Papaveraceae). There are two species in genus ''Romneya'', which was named for Irish astronomer John Thomas Romney Robinson. They are known commonly as Matilija poppies ...

'' (Tree poppy) * '' Rosa'' (Rose) * '' Rosmarinus'' ( Rosemary) * '' Rubus'' ( Bramble,

Raspberry The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus ''Rubus'' of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus '' Idaeobatus''. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with w ...

, Salmonberry, Wineberry) * ''

Ruta ''Ruta'' (commonly known as rue) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs, 20–60 cm tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia. About ten species are accepted in the genus. T ...

'' ( Rue) ;S * '' Sabia'' * * '' Salix'' ( Willow) * * '' Salvia'' (Sage) ** ''Salvia'' subg. ''

Perovskia ''Salvia'' subgenus ''Perovskia'' is a group of species within the flowering plant genus ''Salvia'', which prior 2017 were treated as the separate genus ''Perovskia''. Members of the group are native to southwestern and central Asia. It includes ...

'' (

Russian Sage ''Salvia yangii'', previously known as ''Perovskia atriplicifolia'' (), and commonly called Russian sage, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant and subshrub. Although not previously a member of ''Salvia'', the genus widely known as sage, s ...

) * '' Sambucus'' (Elder) * * '' Santolina'' (

Lavender Cotton ''Lavandula'' (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World and is found in Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, and from Europe across to northern and ea ...

) * ''

Sapindus ''Sapindus'' is a genus of about five to twelve species of shrubs and small trees in the lychee family, Sapindaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. The genus includes both deciduous and evergreen species. Members of ...

'' (Soapberry) * * '' Senecio'' (Senecio) * '' Simmondsia'' (Jojoba) * '' Skimmia'' (Skimmia) * '' Smilax'' (Smilax) * '' Sophora'' ( Kowhai) * * '' Sorbaria'' (Sorbaria) * '' Spartium'' (Spanish Broom) * '' Spiraea'' (Spiraea) * * ''

Staphylea ''Staphylea'', called bladdernuts, is a small genus of 10 or 11 species of flowering plants in the family Staphyleaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The highest species diversity is in China, where four species occur. ...

'' (Bladdernut) * * ''

Stephanandra ''Neillia'' is a genus of the botanical family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain ...

'' (Stephanandra) * '' Styrax'' * * ''

Symphoricarpos ''Symphoricarpos'', commonly known as the snowberry, waxberry, or ghostberry, is a small genus of about 15 species of deciduous shrubs in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae. With the exception of the Chinese coralberry, '' S. sinensis'', wh ...

'' (Snowberry) * '' Syringa'' (

Lilac ''Syringa'' is a genus of 12 currently recognized species of flowering plant, flowering woody plants in the olive family or Oleaceae called lilacs. These lilacs are native to woodland and scrub from southeastern Europe to eastern Asia, and wid ...

) * ;T * '' Tamarix'' (Tamarix) * * '' Taxus'' (Yew) * * '' Telopea'' (Waratah) * * '' Thuja'' cvs. (Arborvitae) * * '' Thymelaea'' * '' Thymus'' (Thyme) * '' Trochodendron'' * ;U * '' Ulex'' (Gorse) * ''

Ulmus pumila celer Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North ...

'' ( Turkestan elm – Wonder Hedge) * '' Ungnadia'' (Mexican Buckeye) ;V * '' Vaccinium'' ( Bilberry, Blueberry,

Cranberry Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus ''Oxycoccus'' of the genus '' Vaccinium''. In Britain, cranberry may refer to the native species '' Vaccinium oxycoccos'', while in North America, cranber ...

) * ''

Verbesina centroboyacana ''Verbesina centroboyacana'' is a species of shrub in the family Asteraceae endemic to Colombia. Description Shrub that reaches 8 ft (2.5 m) in height. The leaves are alternate, coriaceous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous on the upper s ...

'' * '' Verbena'' (Vervain) * '' Viburnum'' (Viburnum) * * '' Vinca'' (Periwinkle) * '' Viscum'' (

Mistletoe Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales. They are attached to their host tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they extract water and nutrients from the host plant. ...

) ;W * '' Weigela'' (Weigela) ;X * '' Xanthoceras'' * '' Xanthorhiza'' (Yellowroot) * '' Xylosma'' ;Y * '' Yucca'' (Yucca, Joshua tree) * ;Z * '' Zanthoxylum'' * * '' Zauschneria'' * '' Zenobia'' * '' Ziziphus'' *

References

{{Authority control Plants Plant morphology Lists of plants Plant life-forms Plants by habit