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Kōwhai
Kōwhai ( or ) are small woody legume trees within the genus '' Sophora'', in the family Fabaceae, that are native to New Zealand. There are eight species, with '' Sophora microphylla'' and '' Sophora tetraptera'' being large trees. Their natural habitat is beside streams and on the edges of forest, in lowland or mountain open areas. Kōwhai trees grow throughout the country and are a common feature in New Zealand gardens. Outside of New Zealand, kōwhai tend to be restricted to mild temperate maritime climates. The blooms of the kōwhai are widely regarded as being one of New Zealand's unofficial national flowers. Name The Māori word ''kōwhai'' derives from the Proto-East Central Pacific word ''kōfai'', used to refer to leguminous trees that grow pods and typically have distinct flowers. It is related to words in some other Polynesian languages that refer to different species that look superficially similar, such as ('' Sesbania tomentosa''), ('' Sesbania grandiflora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Chathamica
''Sophora chathamica'', the coastal kōwhai, sometimes known as Chatham Island kōwhai, is one of 8 species of native sophora or kōwhai in New Zealand and grows naturally in the north-west of the North Island in New Zealand, as far south as the Tongaporutu River in north Taranaki, and as far north as Te Paki. It can also be found growing near Wellington and the Chatham Islands, although these later plantings are thought to be a result of Māori plantings in the late 18th century and early 19th century. Prior to 2001, it was included as variant of '' Sophora microphylla'', therefore references to either ''Sophora microphylla var. chathamica'' or ''Sophora microphylla subsp. microphylla var. chathamica'' are considered references to coastal kowhai. Description Coastal kōwhai forms a small tree up to 6 metres tall and 4 metres wide. It generally flowers from August until November. Flowers are yellow and around 3 cm long. Unlike many kōwhai species, coastal kōwhai lacks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Godleyi
''Sophora godleyi'', also known as Godley's kōwhai, papa kōwhai or Rangitikei kōwhai, grows naturally in the west of the North Island of New Zealand from Te Kūiti to Manawatū. It is one of eight recognised species of kōwhai and was described as a separate species in 2001, having formerly been considered to be part of species small-leaved kōwhai. It is named after Dr. Eric Godley, former head of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) Botany Division. Description ''S. godleyi'' has a weeping habit with long pendulous branches and grey-green foliage, and can grow to height of about 25 metres. There is a profusion of yellow flowers around October/November making it one of the finest of New Zealand's native trees. Conservation Using the New Zealand Threat Classification System, ''S. godleyi'' was rated in 2012 as being "not threatened", and this status continues. Cultivation In horticulture it is possible to purchase 'regular' ''S. godleyi'' pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Microphylla
''Sophora microphylla'', commonly known as weeping kōwhai and small-leaved kōwhai, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae native to New Zealand. It is the most widespread of the eight species of kōwhai (the New Zealand ''Sophora''). It is also called South Island kōwhai, although this name is misleading as it is widely distributed throughout the main islands of the country. Growing to tall and broad, it is an evergreen shrub or small tree. Each leaf is long with up to 40 pairs of shiny oval leaflets. It produces many racemes of pea-like yellow flowers from August or as early as May through to October. The specific epithet ''microphylla'' means "small-leaved". The plant has smaller leaflets (around 3–6 mm long by 2–5 mm wide) and flowers (1.8-5.0 cm long) than the other well known species, ''Sophora tetraptera'' (large-leaved kōwhai). When young ''S. microphylla'' has a divaricating and bushy growth habit with many interlacing branches, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Prostrata
''Sophora prostrata'' is commonly known as kōwhai, prostrate kōwhai or dwarf kōwhai and is endemic to the eastern South Island from Marlborough to the Waitaki Valley in New Zealand although most commonly found on the Banks Peninsula. It is a low growing shrub, reaching a height of around 2 metres. This species has a divaricating habit that lasts for the life of the shrub unlike other New Zealand ''Sophora'' species which lose the divaricating habit as adult trees. The leaves of this species are usually quite small, up to about 2 cm in length. Flowers are often orange though they do occur as yellow in common with most other kōwhai Kōwhai ( or ) are small woody legume trees within the genus '' Sophora'', in the family Fabaceae, that are native to New Zealand. There are eight species, with '' Sophora microphylla'' and '' Sophora tetraptera'' being large trees. Their natu ... species. The seeds are black or very dark brown and may appear dark red. This contrasts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Tetraptera
''Sophora tetraptera'', commonly known as large-leaved kōwhai, is a tree that grows naturally in the central east of the North Island of New Zealand. It has larger, more widely spaced, leaflets than the other seven species of kōwhai. Etymology The generic name ''Sophora'' is from the Arabic ''sophora'' (any tree with pea-flowers). The specific epithet ''tetraptera'' derives from Greek and means 'four-winged' (referring to the fruits). Description It grows as a tree up to 15 metres tall. Its leaves are 100–220 mm long, with leaflets 15–40 mm long. The leaflets are larger and more widely-spaced than on other kōwhai. Its yellow flowers appear from October (or as early as September) to December. Ecology ''Sophora tetraptera'' is one of three known native species that hosts the native longhorn beetle ''Coptomma variegatum''. Distribution and habitat It occurs naturally in the east of the North Island of New Zealand, from East Cape south to the Wairarapa, and west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Fulvida
''Sophora fulvida'', the kōwhai or west coast kōwhai is one of 8 species of native ''Sophora'' or kōwhai in New Zealand and grows naturally around the Northland Region, Northland, Auckland and Waikato regions of New Zealand. Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, it is classified as "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon", because of its restricted range. References Sophora, fulvida Trees of New Zealand Taxa named by Peter James de Lange Taxa named by Peter Brian Heenan {{Sophoreae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori Language
Māori (; endonym: 'the Māori language', commonly shortened to ) is an Eastern Polynesian languages, Eastern Polynesian language and the language of the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. The southernmost member of the Austronesian language family, it is related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan language, Tuamotuan, and Tahitian language, Tahitian. The Māori Language Act 1987 gave the language recognition as one of New Zealand's official languages. There are regional dialects of the Māori language. Prior to contact with Europeans, Māori lacked a written language or script. Written Māori now uses the Latin script, which was adopted and the spelling standardised by Northern Māori in collaboration with English Protestant clergy in the 19th century. In the second half of the 19th century, European children in rural areas spoke Māori with Māori children. It was common for prominent parents of these children, such as government officials, to us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clianthus
''Clianthus'', commonly known as kaka beak (''kōwhai ngutukākā'' in Māori), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, comprising two species of shrubs endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers which resemble the beak of the kākā, a New Zealand parrot. The plants are also known as parrot's beak, parrot's bill and lobster claw – all references to the distinctive flowers. There is also a variety with white to creamy coloured flowers called: "Albus", and a variety with rosy pink flowers called: "Roseus". Description and taxonomy Kakabeak grows to around two metres high, with spreading branches producing leaf stalks up to 15 cm long bearing several pairs of small leaflets. They usually flower from spring through to early summer, but can flower twice a year or even year round. Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander collected specimens of ''Clianthus'' in 1769 and ''C. puniceus'' was described in 1835. William Col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Toromiro
''Sophora toromiro'', commonly known as toromiro, is a species of Flowering plant, flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is Endemism, endemic to Easter Island. ''Sophora toromiro'' is extinct in the wild due to overharvesting and overgrazing, but some individuals survive in botanical and private collections. It holds significant cultural importance for the Rapa Nui people, known for its statues, ceremonial objects, and other tools made from the wood. The species serves as proof that human intervention of a natural environment can drastically change the composition of native flora negatively, even to the point of extinction in the wild. Few specimens survive today only in cultivation in certain botanical gardens around the world, but are limited due to a small genetic pool. Conservation efforts have been made to eventually reintroduce ''Sophora toromiro'' in the wild. Description ''Sophora toromiro'' is considered a small shrub or large tree, with its adult height ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Easter Island
Easter Island (, ; , ) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. The island is renowned for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, called ''moai'', which were created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. Experts differ on when the island's Polynesian inhabitants first reached the island. While many in the research community cited evidence that they arrived around the year 800, a 2007 study provided compelling evidence suggesting their arrival was closer to 1200. The inhabitants created a thriving and industrious culture, as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone ''moai'' and other artifacts. Land clearing for cultivation and the introduction of the Polynesian rat led to gradual deforestation. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmichaelia
''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, '' Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably dispersed there from New Zealand. The formerly recognised genera ''Chordospartium'', ''Corallospartium'', ''Notospartium'' and ''Huttonella'' are now all included in ''Carmichaelia''. The genera ''Carmichaelia'', ''Clianthus'' (kakabeak), ''Montigena'' (scree pea) and ''Swainsona'' comprise the clade Carmichaelinae. ''Carmichaelia'' is named after Captain Dugald Carmichael, a Scottish army officer and botanist who studied New Zealand plants. ''Carmichaelia'' ranges in form from trees to prostrate species a few centimetres high. Mature plants are usually leafless, their leaves replaced by stipules which have fused into scales. ''Carmichaelia'' species are found throughout New Zealand, although the eastern South Island has 15 species endemic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
