was a Japanese artist. Shinoda is best known for her abstract

sumi ink Inksticks () or ink cakes are a type of solid Chinese ink used traditionally in several Chinese and East Asian art forms such as calligraphy and brush painting. Inksticks are made mainly of soot and animal glue, sometimes with incense or medicin ...

paintings and prints. Shinoda’s oeuvre was predominantly executed using the traditional means and media of East Asian

calligraphy Calligraphy (from el, link=y, καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instrument. Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "t ...

, but her resulting abstract ink paintings and prints express a nuanced visual affinity with the bold black brushstrokes of mid-century

Abstract Expressionism Abstract expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York City in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York at the center of the ...

. In the postwar New York art world, Shinoda’s works were exhibited at the prominent art galleries including the Bertha Schaefer Gallery and the Betty Parsons Gallery. Shinoda remained active all her life and in 2013, she was honored with a touring retrospective exhibition at four venues in

Gifu Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Gifu Prefecture has a population of 1,991,390 () and has a geographic area of . Gifu Prefecture borders Toyama Prefecture to the north; Ishikawa Prefecture to the northwest, F ...

(Gifu Collection of Modern Arts; Toko Shinoda Art Space; Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu; and Gallery Kohodo) to celebrate her 100th birthday. Shinoda has had solo exhibitions at the

Seibu Museum at Art, Tokyo Seibu may refer to: * Seibu Holdings or a subsidiary thereof ** Saitama Seibu Lions ** Seibu Railway * Sogo & Seibu ** Seibu Department Stores, owned by Sogo & Seibu *Seibu Kaihatsu was a Japanese manufacturer of arcade games. The company was ...

in 1989, the

Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu The is art museum located in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west b ...

in 1992, the Singapore Art Museum in 1996, the

Hara Museum of Contemporary Art The was one of the oldest contemporary art museums in Japan. The museum was in the Kita-Shinagawa district, in the Shinagawa area of Tokyo. The building was originally built as a private mansion designed by Jin Watanabe in 1938 for the grandfa ...

in 2003, the Sogo Museum of Art in 2021, the Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery in 2022, and among many others. Shinoda's works are in the collection of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, the

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago's Grant Park, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.5 mill ...

, the British Museum, the

Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown H ...

, the Harvard Art Museums, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works ...

, the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, the Singapore Art Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is the permanent home of a continuously exp ...

, the National Gallery of Victoria, and other leading museums of the world. Shinoda was also a prolific writer published more than 20 books.

Biography

Early life and education (1913–1936)

Shinoda was born in Dairen,

Kwantung Leased Territory The Kwantung Leased Territory ( ja, 關東州, ''Kantō-shū''; ) was a leased territory of the Empire of Japan in the Liaodong Peninsula from 1905 to 1945. Japan first acquired Kwantung from the Qing Empire in perpetuity in 1895 in the Trea ...

(today Dalian,

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

), on 28 March 1913. Her father, Raijirō, worked as the manager of a tobacco factory; her mother, Jōko, was a housewife. Shinoda’s given name was Masuko (満州子; literally “child of Manchuria”) but later she received the artist name Tōkō (桃紅), meaning “red peach flower.” In 1914, her family moved to Tokyo, where Shinoda was raised. Raijirō taught Shinoda various forms of classical poetry and provided her with her first

instruction at five years old. In 1925, Shinoda entered a women’s higher school, where she received

instruction from a tutor named Setsudō Shimono. After graduation, Shinoda also learned to compose short poems ('' tanka'') with Ayako Nakahara. The art historian Kimihiko Nakamura points out that "While Shinoda was encouraged to engage in intellectual and creative activities from quite a young age, they were still considered part of her feminine accomplishments, and she was not expected to become a professional artist. Shinoda’s career eventually broke from the yoke of this pervasive patriarchal dogma that narrowly defined who she was and what she could be." In 1936, at age twenty-three, Shinoda ran away from home and began to earn a living by teaching

Early career as a ''kana'' calligrapher (1940)

In 1940, Shinoda realized her first solo show at the retail stationary store Kyūkyodō in

Ginza Ginza ( ; ja, 銀座 ) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo, with numerous intern ...

. “She exhibited calligraphy of her original short poems written in ''kana'' (Japanese syllabary), but they were harshly criticized by the calligraphy establishment (''shodan'') as 'rootless' or lacking a respectable classical foundation.” Such negative response was due to “calligraphy’s long-standing gendered division of styles.” Kimihiko Nakamura points out that “Although a number of female calligraphers had attained fame since the prewar period, they predominantly practiced in ''kana'' calligraphy, which traditionalists considered to be a native and demure 'feminine' mode of writing vis-à-vis the foreign and rugged 'masculine' ''mana'' (Chinese characters) writing. What was expected in ''kana'' calligraphy was a 'feminine delicacy' grounded in the study of the ''kana'' diaries and poems produced by the

Heian The Japanese word Heian (平安, lit. "peace") may refer to: * Heian period, an era of Japanese history * Heian-kyō Heian-kyō was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the official capital of Japan for over one ...

court women in the late tenth and eleventh centuries. Shinoda’s unorthodox calligraphy, which neglected such established norms, coupled with the presentation of her own original poems, irritated the calligraphy establishment." Soon after her unsuccessful first solo show, and as the

Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vast ...

quickly escalated, Shinoda evacuated to

Aizu is the westernmost of the three regions of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, the other two regions being Nakadōri in the central area of the prefecture and Hamadōri in the east. As of October 1, 2010, it had a population of 291,838. The princip ...

Fukushima may refer to: Japan * Fukushima Prefecture, Japanese prefecture **Fukushima, Fukushima, capital city of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan *** Fukushima University, national university in Japan *** Fukushima Station (Fukushima) in Fukushima, Fukushim ...

, in 1941, and her career was suspended until she recovered from tuberculosis in 1947.

Avant-garde calligraphy (''zen’ei sho'') in early postwar Japan (1947–1956)

After the war, Shinoda quickly moved toward abstract expression. The artist noted: “The air of freedom after the war suddenly nurtured the seeds of a desire within me to express the shape of my heart visually. I was suddenly emancipated from the oppressions of my twenties, and my brush moved like an outpour. Like a spur,

his new feeling His or HIS may refer to: Computing * Hightech Information System, a Hong Kong graphics card company * Honeywell Information Systems * Hybrid intelligent system * Microsoft Host Integration Server Education * Hangzhou International School ...

pushed me outside the constraints of characters, and it became my exciting job with limitless scope.” Her “early works clearly demonstrate that Shinoda had already established her abstract style through the use of brushstrokes and ink splashes that employed a variety of expressions, even before she moved to New York.” In postwar Japan, “Shinoda was not the only calligrapher who celebrated the creative freedom and liberating sense of selfhood through calligraphy. Scholars have widely interpreted the flourishing of modernist calligraphy in postwar Japan as a movement initiated by Hidai Nannkoku and his predominantly male students. Nankoku was the son of the calligraphy master Hidai Tenrai, who is often referred to as 'the father of modern Japanese calligraphy.'” Most famously, in 1952, five calligraphers— Shiryū Morita,

Yūichi Inoue Yūichi, Yuichi, or Yuuichi is a masculine Japanese given name. Possible writings Yūichi can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples: *勇一, "courage, 1" *祐一, "to help, 1" *祐市, "to help, c ...

Sōgen Eguchi Sōgen, Sogen or Sougen (written: 宗現, 宗源 or 曹玄) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese Zen Buddhist * *, Japanese Zen Buddhist {{DEFAULTSORT:Sogen Japanese masculine given names ...

, Bokushi Nakamura, and

Yoshimichi Sekiya Yoshimichi is a masculine Japanese given name. Possible writings Yoshimichi can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples: *義道, "justice, way" *義路, "justice, route" *義通, "justice, pass throu ...

—formed a new avant-garde calligraphy (''zen'ei sho''; 前衛書) group called

Bokujinkai Bokujinkai (墨人会, “People of the Ink,” est. 1952) is a Japanese calligraphy collective, research group, and exhibition society. It was founded by the calligraphers Shiryū Morita, Yūichi Inoue, Sōgen Eguchi, Yoshimichi Sekiya, and Boku ...

(墨人会; People of the Ink). These founding members of

had previously worked in Keiseikai (Group of the Megrez Star), a group established by Tenrai’s first student Sōkyū Ueda, but under the newly-formed

, declared their "independence from any existing association” and rejected conservative master-student hierarchies in the calligraphy establishment. Meanwhile, Shinoda did not have any master to follow or reject, and she was marginalized in the male-dominated calligraphic community. Kimihiko Nakamura points out that “while ''kana'' calligraphy had offered opportunities for women to become professionals, the innovative, modernist terrain of postwar Japanese calligraphy was in fact not open to them, framed as belonging to the leading male calligraphers who were the legitimate heirs of the master Tenrai.” Shinoda belonged to the Calligraphic Art Institute (Shodō geijutsu-in; 書道芸術院) from 1950 until 1956, and participated in the fifth ''Mainichi Calligraphy Exhibition'' (毎日書道展) in 1953. “These associations provided Shinoda with opportunities to exhibit her work regularly with leading male calligraphers, and gradually she garnered acclaim and financial security. Nevertheless, she was increasingly frustrated with the calligraphic associations’ hierarchical structures, their prize systems, and the responsibility of mentoring students. Shinoda maintained a certain distance from this bureaucracy and refused full integration in their activities.” In the 1950s, Shinoda built connections with modernist architects and her works became known beyond the calligraphic community. “In 1954, Shinoda had a critically successful solo show at the Ginza Matsuzakaya department store, displaying her abstract ink paintings in a space specially designed by Tange Kenzō, one of postwar Japan’s foremost architects. Further, Shinoda was also commissioned to create large-scale ink murals, including for the Japan Pavilion designed by Tange at the four-hundredth anniversary of São Paulo in 1954, and the Japan Pavilion designed by Kenmochi Isamu at the Washington State Fourth International Trade Fair in 1955, among other venues. From the mid-1950s onward, Shinoda endeavored to expand the definition of calligraphy by collaborating with modernist architects. As her work was shown overseas, she was gradually known beyond the Japanese calligraphic community. In 1954, along with several leading male calligraphers, Shinoda was selected for a group show entitled ''Japanese Calligraphy'' at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. The following year, the Brussels-born CoBrA painter Pierre Alechinsky visited Japan and captured Shinoda, Ōsawa akyū Morita hiryūand Eguchi ōgenin his art film, ''Calligraphie Japonaise''. Importantly, Shinoda was not just a passive beneficiary of postwar internationalism and popular interest in Japanese culture in the Euro-American sphere. In fact, she actively engaged with the international art scene to expand her exhibition opportunities and audiences beyond Japan.”

American years (1956–1958)

In 1956, with an invitation from the Swetzoff Gallery in Boston to hold a one-person exhibition, the 43-year-old Shinoda embarked on a solo journey to the US. “Although Shinoda only had a two-month visitor’s visa, it was through the assistance of Okada Kenzō, an established painter at the Betty Parsons Gallery, that she secured her first New York solo show at the Bertha Schaefer Gallery in January 1957.” During her two-year stay in the US, Shinoda quickly garnered admiration from her international viewers, and held solo exhibitions at various cities including New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Paris and Brussels. In 1956, the famous photographer Hans Namuth, who was known for his portraits of Jackson Pollock and other Abstract Expressionist painters, captured Shinoda executing an abstract ink painting on paper.

Becoming a major Japanese artist (1958–2021)

During her two-year stay in the US, Shinoda was increasingly frustrated with the dry climate pf the US, which was not conducive for producing ink paintings. Upon her return to to Japan in May 1958, she remained in the country. In the 1960s, “Shinoda establish icher mature style hatwide, bold lines—such as blurs, hazes, and subtle but rich variations of tone within a black field—dominate the picture surface and express more clearly the nature of ink.” Moreover, from 1960 onwards, Shinoda produced more than 1000 lithographs. For about fifty years, Shinoda’s lithographs were printed by the print-maker Kihachi Kimura (木村希八; 1934–2014). In the 1960s, Shinoda was also commissioned for large architectural projects including the grand drape and the porcelain wall relief for the Nichinan Cultural Center (designed by Kenzō Tange) in Miyagi in 1962, the grand drape for the

Meijiza Theatre The is a theatre in Chūō, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally constructed in 1873. It presents ''kabuki'' and Western stage plays. History The theatre first opened in the district of Hisamatsu-chô as the Kishô-za in 1873. Six years later it reop ...

(designed by Isaoya Yoshida) in Tokyo in 1963, the mural for the VIP room of Yoyogi National Gymnasium (designed by Kenzō Tange) in 1964, and the multimedia relief for the Kyoto International Conference Center (designed by

Sachio Otani was a noted Japanese architect. Biography Otani was born in Tokyo, and in 1946 graduated from the University of Tokyo. He began his career in Kenzo Tange's studio, where he helped design the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum (1955). In 1960 he st ...

) in 1965. In 1974, Shinoda was commissioned by Zōjō-ji Temple to produce sliding screen (''fusuma'') paintings that spanned and extended over three panels. In the 1960s and 1970s, Shinoda’s abstract ink paintings and prints continued to be shown overseas frequently. Shinoda had solo shows at the prominent Betty Parsons Gallery,

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

, in 1965, 1968, 1971, and 1977. Kimihiko Nakamura points out that “Shinoda consciously maintained her distance from the patriarchal and hierarchical Japanese art world and, with her critical success outside her homeland, established herself as an acclaimed international artist.” The art historian Midori Yoshimoto also argues that “In the field of calligraphy, hinodabecame the first prominent woman artist. She radicalized the traditional medium by pushing abstraction and dynamism to the extreme. Her work was shown not only in calligraphy exhibitions but in exhibitions of abstract art. By crossing the boundaries between calligraphy and Western-style modern art, she invented her own field and as such suppressed male artists.” In the 1960s and 1970s, “While Shinoda’s monochrome ink abstractions particularly attracted attention on the international art scene, the artist was also seeking a new mode of expression. For example, in ''Tōtsu yo'' (In the Far Past) . 1964 displayed at her first Betty Parsons Gallery show in 1965, ink completely forms the background and the effective use of silver paint—which changes easily over time, potentially making this piece more luminous at the time of its unveiling—brings a dramatic contrast of light and shade on the picture surface. From the mid-1960s, Shinoda’s work gradually began to include a brighter palette including silver, gold, and vermilion (cinnabar), and through the late 1980s and 1990s, she pursued large-scale pieces with backgrounds of silver, gold, or platinum leaf ��” While Shinoda achieved international recognition as early as in the 1950s, her first museum solo show in Japan was much later in 1989 at the

Seibu Museum at Art Seibu may refer to: * Seibu Holdings or a subsidiary thereof ** Saitama Seibu Lions ** Seibu Railway * Sogo & Seibu ** Seibu Department Stores, owned by Sogo & Seibu *Seibu Kaihatsu was a Japanese manufacturer of arcade games. The company was ...

, Tokyo, followed by the

in 1992, and the

in 2003. Shinoda also became the first Japanese artist to hold solo show at the Singapore Art Museum in 1996. Shinoda remained active all her life. In 2013, she was honored with a touring retrospective exhibition at the four venues in

(Gifu Collection of Modern Arts; Toko Shinoda Art Space; Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu; and Gallery Kohodo) to celebrate her 100th birthday. In 2016, Shinoda was honored on a postage stamp issued by Japan Post Holdings. She was the only Japanese artist to have been celebrated in this manner while still alive. Shinoda died on March 1, 2021, at a hospital in Tokyo at the age of 107. A year after her death in 2022, two retrospective of Shinoda were held at the Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery and the

Musée Tomo Musée Tomo is a museum for contemporary Japanese ceramic art, located at 4-1-35 Toranomon, Minato Minato (港 or 湊) is Japanese for 'harbor', and may refer to: Places * Minato, Tokyo or Minato City, a special ward in Tokyo, Japan * Minat ...

, Tokyo.

Legacy

Shinoda’s oeuvre is regularly displayed at the Toko Shinoda Art Space (関市立篠田桃紅美術空間; opened in 2003), and Gifu Collection of Modern Arts (岐阜現代美術館; opened in 2006), both of which are located in Seki,

, and managed by the Gifu Collection of Modern Arts Foundation (岐阜現代美術財団). This foundation, in turn, has been funded by the Seki-based local company

Nabeya Bi-tech Kaisha , also known as NBK, is a machine component parts manufacturer located in Seki, Gifu, Japan. The company's roots date to 1560, when it began as a metal foundry casting pots, tea kettles and temple bells. History NBK’s history dates to 1560, wh ...

(鍋屋バイテック). Although Shinoda never lived in

, her farther, Raijirō, was originally from an old family in Akutami-mura (芥見村),

Writing

* Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Atarashii shodō jūni-kagetsu: Jojōshi no kaisetsu o soete'' (新しい書道十二ケ月: 抒情詩の解説を添えて). Tokyo: Dōgakusha, 1954. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Iroha shijūhachi moji'' (いろは四十八文字). Tokyo: Yaraishoin, 1976. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Sumi iro'' (墨いろ). Kyoto: PHP kenkyūjo, 1978. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Shudeishō'' (朱泥抄). Kyoto: PHP kenkyūjo, 1979. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Sono hi no sumi'' (その日の墨). Tokyo: Tōjusha, 1983. * Shinoda, Tōkō, ed. ''Sumi'' (墨). Tokyo: Sakuhinsha, 1985. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Omoi no hoka no'' (おもいのほかの). Tokyo: Tōjusha, 1985. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Ichi-ji hitokoto'' (一字ひとこと). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1986. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Kinō no yukue'' (きのうのゆくえ). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1990. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Sumi o yomu: Ichi-ji hitokoto'' (墨を読む: 一字ひとこと). Tokyo: Shōgakukan, 1998. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Tōkō: Watashi toiu hitori'' (桃紅: 私というひとり). Tokyo: Sekaibunkasha, 2000. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Tōkō ehon'' (桃紅えほん) ''= Toko Shinoda Visual Book''. Tokyo: Sekaibunkasha, 2002. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Tōkō hyaku-nen'' (桃紅百年). Tokyo: Sekaibunkasha, 2013. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Hyaku-sai no chikara'' (百歳の力). Tokyo: Shūeisha, 2014. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Hyakusan-sai, hitori de ikiru sahō: Oitara oita de, manzara de mo nai'' (一〇三歳、ひとりで生きる作法: 老いたら老いたで、まんざらでもない). Tokyo: Gentōsha, 2015. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Hyakusan-sai ni natte wakatta koto: Jinsei wa hitori demo omoshiroi'' (一〇三歳になってわかったこと: 人生は一人でも面白い). Tokyo: Gentōsha, 2015. * Hinohara, Shigeaki, Shinoda Tōkō, Hori Fumiko, et al. ''Hyaku-sai ga kiku hyaku-sai no hanashi'' (一〇〇歳が聞く一〇〇歳の話). Tokyo: Jitsugyōnonihonsha, 2015. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Jinsei wa ippon no sen'' (人生は一本の線). Tokyo: Gentōsha, 2016. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Hyakugo-sai, shinenai no mo komaru no yo'' (一〇五歳、死ねないのも困るのよ). Tokyo: Gentōsha, 2017. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Tōkō hyakugo-sai sukina mono to ikiru'' (桃紅一〇五歳好きなものと生きる). Tokyo: Sekaibunkasha, 2017. * Shinoda, Tōkō. ''Kore de oshimai'' (これでおしまい). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 2021.

Selected exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

* 1940 Kyūkyodō (鳩居堂), Tokyo * 1954 Ginza Matsuzakaya Department Store, Tokyo * 1956 Yōseidō Gallery (養清堂画廊), Tokyo * 1956 Swetzoff Gallery, Boston * 1957 Bertha Schaefer Gallery, New York * 1957 Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati * 1957

, Chicago * 1957 La Hune, Paris * 1958

Jefferson Place Gallery The Jefferson Place Gallery was an art gallery in Washington, D.C., founded in 1957 and closed in 1974. It had been located at 1216 Connecticut Street, NW in Washington, D.C.. The gallery was associated with the Washington Color School artists. ...

, Washington, D.C. * 1959 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels * 1965 Betty Parsons Gallery, New York * 1968 Betty Parsons Gallery, New York * 1971 Betty Parsons Gallery, New York * 1977 Betty Parsons Gallery, New York * 1989 ''Toko Shinoda'' (篠田桃紅展),

, Tokyo * 1992 ''Toko Shinoda Retrospective'' (篠田桃紅: 時のかたち),

* 1996 ''Toko Shinoda: Visual Poetry'', Singapore Art Museum * 1998 Annely Juda Fine Art, London * 2001 Sōgetsu Kaikan, Tokyo * 2003 ''Variations of Vermillion'' (篠田桃紅: 朱よ),

, Tokyo * 2013 ''Toko Shinoda 100 Years'' (篠田桃紅: 百の譜), Gifu Collection of Modern Arts, Toko Shinoda Art Space,

, and Gallery Kohodo. * 2013 ''Trailblazer: The Art of Shinoda Toko'', Japan Society, New York * 2013 ''Toko Shinoda: A Lifetime of Accomplishment'' (篠田桃紅の墨象),

, Tokyo * 2017 ''Toko Shinoda: In the Autumn of My Years...'' (篠田桃紅: 昔日の彼方に),

, Tokyo * 2018 Zōjōj Temple, Tokyo * 2018－2021 ''Toko Shinoda: Things Transient － Colors of Sumi, Forms of the Mind'' (篠田桃紅: とどめ得ぬもの墨のいろ心のかたち),

Ueda City Museum of Art Ueda may refer to: Places * Ueda, Nagano, a city in Japan * Ueda Castle in Japan * Ueda Domain of Japan *Ueda Glacier in Antarctica Other uses *Ueda (surname) * Siege of Ueda, in 1600 *Ueda Electric Railway Bessho Line See also *Ueta Ueta (writte ...

, Ueda, Nagano, Nariwa Museum, Takahashi, Okayama, Kosetsu Museum of Art, Kobe, the Suiboku Museum, Toyama, and Sogo Museum of Art, Yokohama. * 2022 ''Toko Shinoda: A Retrospective'' (篠田桃紅展), Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery * 2022 ''Toko Shinoda: Bridge Over Fleeting Dreams'' (篠田桃紅: 夢の浮橋),

, Tokyo

Group exhibitions

* 1954 ''Japanese Calligraphy'', Museum of Modern Art, New York * 1955 ''Japan America Abstract Arts'' (日米抽象美術展), The National Museum of Modern Art (国立近代美術館; present The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, 東京国立近代美術館) * 1955 ''Contemporary Japanese Calligraphy: Art in Sumi'' (現代日本の書・墨の芸術: ヨーロッパ巡回展の国内展示), The National Museum of Modern Art (国立近代美術館) * 1958 ''Development of Modern Japanese Abstract Painting'' (抽象絵画の展開), The National Museum of Modern Art (国立近代美術館) * 1959 ''Sumi Paintings of Japan'', Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo * 1961 ''6th

São Paulo Biennial SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U.S. ...

'' * 1961 ''1961 Pittsburgh International Exhibition of Contemporary Painting and Sculpture, Museum of Art'', Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh * 1961 ''Contemporary Japanese Art'', Akademie der Kunst, Berlin * 1967 ''ROSC '67'', Royal Dublin Society, Dublin * 1971 ''ROSC '71'', Royal Dublin Society, Dublin * 1973 ''Development of Postwar Japanese Art: Abstract and Non-figurative'' (戦後日本美術の展開: 抽象表現の多様化), The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo * 1979 ''

Okada Okada (written: 岡田 literally "hill rice-paddy") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the name include: * , Japanese painter * Doris Okada Matsui, American politician of the Democratic Party * , Japanese painter in the Edo period * , Japa ...

, Shinoda, and Tsutaka: Three Pioneers of Abstract Painting in 20th Century Japan'', The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C. * 1992 ''Calligraphy and Painting, the Passionate Age: 1945-1969'' (書と絵画の熱き時代: 1945－1969),

O Art Museum O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), ...

(品川文化振興事業団O美術館), Tokyo * 1994－1995 ''Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky'', Yokohama Museum of Art, Guggenheim Museum SoHo, and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art * 1995 ''Japanese Culture: The Fifty Postwar Years'' (戦後文化の軌跡 1945-1995), Meguro Museum of Art, Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, and Fukuoka Prefectural Museum of Art * 2021 ''Contemporary Women Artists of Japan: Six Stories'', The Asahi Shinbun Displays, British Museum

Major public collections

* Albright–Knox Art Gallery *

* British Museum *

* Cincinnati Art Museum *

Hakodate Museum of Art, Hokkaido opened in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1986. The collection focuses on works from southern Hokkaidō, including paintings by Kakizaki Hakyō and calligraphy by , and special exhibitions are also mounted. See also * Hakodate City Museum * Ha ...

* Harvard Art Museums * Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo * Lehigh University Art Galleries * Luxembourg Royal Collection * Metropolitan Museum of Art * Museum fuer Ostasiatische Kunst, Berlin *

* Museum Folkwang, Essen * Museum of Modern Art, Toyama * National Gallery of Victoria * National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo * National Museum of Singapore *

Niigata City Art Museum may refer to: * Niigata Prefecture, Japan ** Niigata (city), the capital of the prefecture * Albirex Niigata, the city's professional football club * Niigata Transys, a Japanese railway vehicle manufacturer * Niigata Stadium, an athletic stadi ...

* Singapore Art Museum * Stadtisches Museum den Haag * Smithsonian Institution *

Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art The Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art is a museum on the crest of Mount Carmel, in Haifa, Israel, dedicated to the preservation and exhibition of Japanese art. It is the only such museum in the Middle East. It was established in 1959 on the initiati ...

, Haifa * University of Michigan Museum of Art * Yale University Art Gallery