A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script.
A
is used in
Dutch and various
Cantonese romanisations to write the sound .
is used in Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants, or an unstressed , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, /uː/, at the end of a word.
is used in Irish to write the sound between a
broad and a
slender
Slender may refer to:
Term
* Gracility or slenderness
Literature
* Abraham Slender, a character in William Shakespeare's '' The Merry Wives of Winsor''
Slender Man
*Slender Man, a fictional supernatural character
*Slender Man stabbing, an at ...
consonant.
is used in Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound ( before a vowel).
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound ( before a vowel). It also represents in
Tibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written
än.
is used in Irish to write the sound between
broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound between a
broad and a
slender
Slender may refer to:
Term
* Gracility or slenderness
Literature
* Abraham Slender, a character in William Shakespeare's '' The Merry Wives of Winsor''
Slender Man
*Slender Man, a fictional supernatural character
*Slender Man stabbing, an at ...
consonant.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound ( before a vowel).
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound .
is used in a few words in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound .
is used in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
strident vowel . (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)
B
is used in Irish, like the digraph bh, to write the sounds and . It is used for the
eclipsis
Irish, like all modern Celtic languages, is characterized by its initial consonant mutations. These mutations affect the initial consonant of a word under specific morphological and syntactic conditions. The mutations are an important tool ...
of .
C
is used in
Breton
Breton most often refers to:
*anything associated with Brittany, and generally
** Breton people
** Breton language, a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken in Brittany
** Breton (horse), a breed
**Ga ...
in order to represent the sound (a
voiceless velar fricative). It should not be confused with
ch, which represents in Breton the sound (a
voiceless postalveolar fricative).
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .
is used in
Eskayan romanised orthography for the sound (English "j").
is used in
Quechua and romanizations of
Indic languages Indic languages may refer to:
* Indo-Aryan languages, a subgroup of the Indo-European languages spoken mainly in the north of the Indian subcontinent
* Languages of the Indian subcontinent, all the indigenous languages of the region regardless of la ...
to write the sound .
is used in
Corsican to write the sound .
Initial is pronounced in southern dialects of the
Welsh language as /w/.
was used in medieval
Czech for .
was used in the Tindall orthography of
Khoekhoe for the
dental affricated click
Pulmonic-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-pulmonic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ordinary pulmonic sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. Al ...
.
represents a sound between vowels in Italian.
D
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the
prevoiced aspirated affricate .
is used in the
Dene Suline language (Chipewyan) for the dental affricate .
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is not used within roots, where may be either long or short; but when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem, it may form the trigraph rather than the regular sequence *. Examples are ''eddze, lopóddzon.''
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the
prevoiced uvularized affricate .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used to write the sound in English transcriptions of the
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
digraph <
dż>.
is used to write the foreign sound in German. A common variant is the tetragraph ''
dsch
This is a list of tetragraphs in the Latin script. These are most common in Irish orthography. For Cyrillic tetragraphs, see tetragraph#Cyrillic ลง.
Arrernte
Tetragraphs in Arrernte transcribe single consonants, but are largely predictable ...
.'' It is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the
prevoiced aspirated affricate .
is used in
Norwegian to write foreign loan words with the sound. Sometimes the digraph ''dj'' is used.
is used in
Naro to write the voiced
palatal click .
is used to write the sound in English transcriptions of the
Russian digraph . In the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
prevoiced affricate .
in
Polish orthography
Polish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language. The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics. The orthography is mostly phonetic, or ...
represents whenever it precedes a vowel, and whenever it precedes a consonant (or in the end of the word), and is considered a graphic variant of the
digraph dź appearing in other situations.
is used in the
Hungarian to write the
voiced palato-alveolar affricate .
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the
prevoiced uvularized affricate .
is used in the
Shona language
Shona (; sn, chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It was codified by the colonial government in the 1950s. According to ''Ethnologue'', Shona, comprising the Zezuru, Korekore and Karanga dialects, is spoken by about 7 ...
to write the
whistled sibilant affricate .
E
is used in Irish to write the sound between
slender
Slender may refer to:
Term
* Gracility or slenderness
Literature
* Abraham Slender, a character in William Shakespeare's '' The Merry Wives of Winsor''
Slender Man
*Slender Man, a fictional supernatural character
*Slender Man stabbing, an at ...
consonants, or in French to write the sound after .
is used in Irish to write the sound between
slender
Slender may refer to:
Term
* Gracility or slenderness
Literature
* Abraham Slender, a character in William Shakespeare's '' The Merry Wives of Winsor''
Slender Man
*Slender Man, a fictional supernatural character
*Slender Man stabbing, an at ...
consonants.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound and it is a word itself meaning "water".
is used in French to write the sound ( before a vowel).
is used in Irish to write the sound between
slender
Slender may refer to:
Term
* Gracility or slenderness
Literature
* Abraham Slender, a character in William Shakespeare's '' The Merry Wives of Winsor''
Slender Man
*Slender Man, a fictional supernatural character
*Slender Man stabbing, an at ...
consonants.
is used in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
strident vowel . (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)
is used in
Afrikaans to represent .
G
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound in words such as ''vergeüre.''
is used in
Hadza for ejective .
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound
is used in
Corsican to write the sound .
is used in the
Dene Suline language (Chipewyan) for a labialized velar/uvular . In Canadian
Tlingit it represents , which in Alaska is written .
is used in
Italian to write the sound before a vowel other than .
is used in
Talossan language as an /ŋn/.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound in a few words such as ''châtaignier'' .
and are used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound at the ends of words that end in the feminine suffix ''-e,'' such as ''aiguë'' "sharp" and ''ambiguë'' "ambiguous". In the
French spelling reform of 1990, it was recommended that traditional be changed to .
is used in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
prevoiced affricate .
are used in
Juǀʼhoan for its four
prevoiced aspirated clicks, .
are used in
Juǀʼhoan for its four
prevoiced affricate
ejective-contour click
Ejective-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-glottalic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ejective sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. All click t ...
s, .
are used in
Juǀʼhoan for its four
prevoiced affricate
pulmonic-contour click
Pulmonic-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-pulmonic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ordinary pulmonic sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. All ...
s, .
H
is used in the
Dene Suline language (Chipewyan) for a labialized velar/uvular .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
I
is used in
Irish to write an unstressed sound at the ends of words.
represents in
Afrikaans.
is used in
Irish to write an unstressed sound at the ends of words. Igh might also be considered a trigraph for the diphthong in English. It differs from the vowel letter followed by the silent digraph in that the vowel is always "long", as in ''light'' vs. ''lit'' , for example.
is used in a few
French words to write the sound such as ''oignon'' "onion" and ''encoignure'' "corner". It was eliminated in the
French spelling reform of 1990, but continues to be used.
is used in the ''ijekavian'' reflex of
Serbo-Croatian for or .
is used to write the sound in
Breton
Breton most often refers to:
*anything associated with Brittany, and generally
** Breton people
** Breton language, a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken in Brittany
** Breton (horse), a breed
**Ga ...
.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound , as in ''épouiller'' .
is used in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
strident vowel . (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)
is used in
Irish to write the sound between
slender
Slender may refer to:
Term
* Gracility or slenderness
Literature
* Abraham Slender, a character in William Shakespeare's '' The Merry Wives of Winsor''
Slender Man
*Slender Man, a fictional supernatural character
*Slender Man stabbing, an at ...
consonants.
J–L
is used in Cantonese
Jyutping romanization to write the sound , as in the name ''Jyutping'' itself. The digraph represents .
is used in the
Ossete Latin alphabet to write the sound .
is used in Canadian
Tlingit to write the sound , which in Alaska is written .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in
Purépecha
The Purépecha (endonym pua, P'urhepecha ) are a group of indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro.
They are also known by the pejorative "Tarascan ...
for .
is a common convention for .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound after in a few words, such as ''coquillier.''
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
N
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound . In
Xhosa is represents .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used in the
Swahili language
Swahili, also known by its local name , is the native language of the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique (along the East African coast and adjacent litoral islands). It is a Bantu language, though Swahili ...
to write the sound . Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet.
is used in some African orthographies for , a
prenasalised
Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent (or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant such as ) that behave phonologically like single consonants. The primary reason for considering them to be single consonants, rather t ...
.
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used to represent the sound , as in English ''finger,'' in several languages such as
Filipino and
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
that use for (as in English ''singer'').
is used in
Vietnamese for the
velar nasal consonant, before the letters , , and . It was previously considered a single letter, but is not currently. In
Welsh
Welsh may refer to:
Related to Wales
* Welsh, referring or related to Wales
* Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales
* Welsh people
People
* Welsh (surname)
* Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...
, it represents a
voiceless velar nasal (a under the
nasal mutation The morphology of the Welsh language has many characteristics likely to be unfamiliar to speakers of English or continental European languages like French or German, but has much in common with the other modern Insular Celtic languages: Irish, Scott ...
). In
Xhosa, represents a murmured
velar nasal.
is used in
Gogo
Go go or Gogo may refer to:
Geography
* Ghogha, India, a town once also known as Gogo
* Gogo, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso, a town
* Gogo, Zoundwéogo, Burkina Faso, a city
* Gogo Department, a department in central Burkina Faso
* Gogo Formatio ...
for voiceless .
is used in
Yanyuwa to represent a back
velar stop, .
is used in
Yélî Dnye of
Papua New Guinea to represent
doubly articulated consonant .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used for in
Bouyei and
Standard Zhuang
Standard Zhuang (autonym: , , (pre-1982: ; Sawndip: ); ) is the official standardized form of the Zhuang languages, which are a branch of the Northern Tai languages. Its pronunciation is based on that of the Yongbei Zhuang dialect of Shuangq ...
.
is or in the orthographies of several languages.
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in some African orthographies for , a
prenasalized .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the prenasalized
alveolar click .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the prenasalized
lateral click
The lateral clicks are a family of click consonants found only in African languages. The clicking sound used by equestrians to urge on their horses is a lateral click, although it is not a speech sound in that context. Lateral clicks are found t ...
.
is used in
Inuktitut
Inuktitut (; , syllabics ; from , "person" + , "like", "in the manner of"), also Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the tree line, including parts of the provinces o ...
and
Greenlandic to write a long (geminate) velar nasal, .
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used to write the click in
Naro.
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound . In the
transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Australian Aboriginal languages had been purely spoken languages, and had no writing system. On their arrival, Latin script became a standard for transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages, but the details ...
such as
Yanyuwa it represents a dental stop, .
is used in
Cypriot Arabic for .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound . In
Malagasy and in
Cypriot Arabic, it represents .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound . In
Gogo
Go go or Gogo may refer to:
Geography
* Ghogha, India, a town once also known as Gogo
* Gogo, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso, a town
* Gogo, Zoundwéogo, Burkina Faso, a city
* Gogo Department, a department in central Burkina Faso
* Gogo Formatio ...
it's voiceless .
is used in
Yanyuwa to represent a pre-
velar stop, .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in the
Shona language
Shona (; sn, chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It was codified by the colonial government in the 1950s. According to ''Ethnologue'', Shona, comprising the Zezuru, Korekore and Karanga dialects, is spoken by about 7 ...
to write the prenasalized
whistled sibilant .
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the alveolar
murmured nasal click
Nasal clicks are click consonants pronounced with nasal airflow. All click types (alveolar , dental , lateral , palatal , retroflex , and labial ) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations: voiced, voiceless, asp ...
.
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the dental
murmured nasal click
Nasal clicks are click consonants pronounced with nasal airflow. All click types (alveolar , dental , lateral , palatal , retroflex , and labial ) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations: voiced, voiceless, asp ...
.
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the lateral
murmured nasal click
Nasal clicks are click consonants pronounced with nasal airflow. All click types (alveolar , dental , lateral , palatal , retroflex , and labial ) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations: voiced, voiceless, asp ...
.
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the palatal
murmured nasal click
Nasal clicks are click consonants pronounced with nasal airflow. All click types (alveolar , dental , lateral , palatal , retroflex , and labial ) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations: voiced, voiceless, asp ...
.
O
is used in
Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants.
is used to write in
Afrikaans.
is used to write in
Afrikaans.
is that represents a
Walloon nasal vowel.
is used in the
Classical Milanese orthography for the Milanese dialect of
Lombard to write the sounds and .
is used in Irish to write the sound , or in
Donegal Donegal may refer to:
County Donegal, Ireland
* County Donegal, a county in the Republic of Ireland, part of the province of Ulster
* Donegal (town), a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland
* Donegal Bay, an inlet in the northwest of Ireland b ...
, , between
broad consonants.
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound ( before a vowel). In
Tibetan Pinyin, it represents and is alternately written
ön.
is used in Irish to write the sound between
broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound between
broad consonants.
is used in
Dutch and
Afrikaans to write the sound .
is in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
strident vowel . (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)
P–R
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in Soninke for .
is used in Kuanua, in a word meaning water (p'hoq̄e'ẽ).
is used for in
Silesian.
was used in the Tindall orthography of
Khoehkoe for the
alveolar Alveolus (; pl. alveoli, adj. alveolar) is a general anatomical term for a concave cavity or pit.
Uses in anatomy and zoology
* Pulmonary alveolus, an air sac in the lungs
** Alveolar cell or pneumocyte
** Alveolar duct
** Alveolar macrophage
* ...
affricated click
Pulmonic-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-pulmonic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ordinary pulmonic sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. Al ...
.
was used in Scots orthography in place of
. In several English names of Scottish origin, such as
Sanquhar,
Farquhar
Farquhar is a surname of Scotland, Scottish origin, derived from the Scottish Gaelic ''fearchar'', from ''fear'' ("man") and ''car'' ("beloved"). Farquharson is a further derivation of the name, meaning "son of Farquhar". The name originated as a g ...
, and
Urquhart, it represents or, occasionally, , as in
Colquhoun Colquhoun ( ) is a surname of Scottish origin.
Phonetically, MacOlquhoun is similar to MacElhone/MacIlhone and therefore may derive from the name the Gaelic name ''Mac Giolla Còmhghan''. ''Còmhghan'' is derived from ''comh'' ("together") and '' ...
.
is in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the affricate .
is used in
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
to write the
''sje'' sound in the word ''gärdsgård'' /'jæɧgo:ɖ/ (roundpole fence).
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in
Yanyuwa to represent a retroflex stop, .
is used in
Inuktitut
Inuktitut (; , syllabics ; from , "person" + , "like", "in the manner of"), also Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the tree line, including parts of the provinces o ...
to represent a sequence of uvular nasal followed by velar nasal, .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used to write the sound in words of Greek derivation such as ''diarrhea.''
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
to write the
''sje'' sound in the word ''marskalk'' /'maɧalk/ (marshal).
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
S
is used in
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
to represent . It was also used in medieval
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
orthography. It is used in
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
, always pronounced as a
''sje'' sound /ɧ/, when that sound occurs at the end of a French loanword, for example ''marsch'' (Fr. marche), or when that sound appears in a small number of Greek loanwords, such as ''schema'' (schedule) and ''ischias''. In
Walloon it represents a consonant that is variously , , or , depending on the dialect. In
Middle English, was the most common spelling for this sound, replacing earlier of
Old English
Old English (, ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Anglo ...
; it was replaced in turn by in Modern English. Most words with in Modern English are based on Latin orthography, where the is . An exception is the word ' (from the
Late Latin ''
schedula''), where the English pronunciation of is or , depending on dialect.
In German, when a is added in front of it, the resulting tetragraph becomes . Similarly, German adds a for a tetragraph in loanwords, to denote the sound , as in the word ' (jungle). An orthographic also occurs in
Dutch and Italian, but as a sequence of plus , not as a trigraph. It is pronounced as a cluster: in Dutch , in Italian and often in
West Flemish . In Dutch, however, it is pronounced as
as the end of words, as in the common suffix ''-isch'' and in some (sur)names, like Bosch and
Den Bosch.
In Italian, is not a trigraph, but rather a combination of and that produces . However, when Italian words are loaned into English, many people pronounce as if it were the German trigraph (e.g. bruschetta).
The
Rheinische Dokumenta
The Rheinische Dokumenta () is a phonetic writing system developed in the early 1980s by a working group of academics, linguists, local language experts, and local language speakers of the Rhineland.
It was presented to the public in 1986 by the L ...
uses to denote the sounds , and . It uses with an arc below so as to denote .
is used in
Italian to write the sound before the non-front vowel letters , , .
is used in
Hungarian to write the sound
tʃ
is used in Bolivian dialects of
Quechua to write the sound .
is used in
Gwich'in to write the sound
is used in
romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names and place names ...
for the letter
щ, which represents
t
represents a fricative phoneme in some
Scandinavian languages. In
Faroese (e.g. ''at skjóta'', to shoot)) and in
Norwegian (e.g. ''kanskje'', maybe) it is a usually the voiceless postalveolar fricative . In
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
(e.g. ''skjorta'', shirt) it is often realised as the
''sje'' sound .
is used in English to write the sound in words such as ''mission''. It is used in a few French loanwords in
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
, pronounced as a
''sje'' sound /ɧ/, for example ''assiett'' (dessert plate).
is used in a few words in
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
to write the
''sje'' sound between two short vowels, such as ''hässja'' (hayrack).
is found in words of Greek origin. In French, it is pronounced before a consonant, as in ''isthme'' and ''asthme''; in American English, it is pronounced in ''isthmus'' and in ''asthma''.
is used in five words in
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
to write the
''sje'' sound ; it can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative or the consonant cluster in
Norwegian depending on dialect.
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .
is used in
Cantonese romanization to write the syllable .
and are used in
Piedmontese for the sequence .
and are used in
Piedmontese for the sequence .
T
is used to write the click in
Naro.
is used to write the aspirated click in
Naro, the aspirated affricate in
Sandawe,
Hadza and
Juǀʼhoan, and the affricate in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
and
Portuguese. In modern
Walloon it is , which used to be written ''ch''. In
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
it is used for the affricate -sound in a small number of English loanwords, such as ''match'' and ''batch''. In English it is a variant of the digraph , used in situations similar to those that trigger the digraph for .
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the uvularized affricate .
and are used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used in
Xhosa to write the sound . It is often replaced with the ambiguous trigraph .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used to write the sound in languages such as
Tswana, and is in the fictional
Klingon language from ''Star Trek'', where it is
treated as a single letter.
and are used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used to write the sound in
Naro.
is used in various languages, such as
Juǀʼhoan, for the aspirated affricate . In the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, it represents the sound . In
Xhosa, it may be used to write , , or , though it is sometimes limited to , with and distinguished as and .
is used in
Dutch and
Norwegian to write the sound .
is used in the
Shona language
Shona (; sn, chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It was codified by the colonial government in the 1950s. According to ''Ethnologue'', Shona, comprising the Zezuru, Korekore and Karanga dialects, is spoken by about 7 ...
to write the
whistled sibilant affricate .
is used in
Juǀʼhoan for the uvularized affricate .
is used in the
Seneca language
Seneca (; in Seneca, or ) is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League; it is an Iroquoian language, spoken at the time of contact in the western portion of New York. While the name ''Seneca'', attested as ...
as one way to write or (Seneca does not differentiate between voiced and voiceless consonants). It is the only Seneca trigraph, and the same phoneme can also be transcribed simply as j.
is used in
Cantonese romanization to write the syllables and .
is used in the
Dene Suline language (Chipewyan) for dental affricate .
is used in the
Haida language (Bringhurst orthography) for ejective .
is used in the
Haida language (Bringhurst orthography) for ejective .
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .
is used in the
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong people, Hmong ad ...
used to write
Hmong, where it represents the sound .
is used in the
Xhosa language to write the sound .
is used for in
Arrernte
Arrernte (also spelt Aranda, etc.) is a descriptor related to a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples from Central Australia.
It may refer to:
* Arrernte (area), land controlled by the Arrernte Council (?)
* Arrernte people, Aboriginal Australi ...
.
is used for in
Cantonese names (such as
Cheung Tze-keung
Cheung Tze-keung ( – ) was a notorious Hong Kong gangster also known as "Big Spender" (). He was a kidnapper, robber, arms smuggler and was wanted for murder. He was best known for having masterminded the abduction of Walter Kwok and Vict ...
) or in
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
names (such as
Yangtze).
U–W
is used in
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
to write the sound .
is used in
Irish to write the sound between
broad consonants.
is used in the practical orthography of the
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consona ...
, where it represents the
strident vowel . (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)
is used in
Central Alaskan Yup'ik Central Alaskan Yup'ik may refer to:
* Central Alaskan Yup'ik people
* Central Alaskan Yup'ik language
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Direction ...
to write the sound .
was used in the Tindall orthography of
Khoehkoe for the
palatal affricated click
Pulmonic-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-pulmonic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ordinary pulmonic sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. Al ...
.
X–Z
is used in Canadian
Tlingit to write the sound , which in Alaska is written .
was used in the Tindall orthography of
Khoekhoe for the
lateral affricated click
Pulmonic-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-pulmonic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ordinary pulmonic sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. Al ...
.
is used for
tʃin a few Spanish and Portuguese names such as
Yaxchilán.
is used for
tʃin a few Basque and Catalan names such as Borxtx and Xtxi.
is used in
Cantonese romanization to write the syllable .
is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .
Other
(capital ) is used in
Kabiye to write , a pre-nasalized .
are used in
Juǀʼhoan for its four aspirated
nasal clicks, .
are used in
Khoekhoe for its four plain aspirated
click
Click, Klick and Klik may refer to:
Airlines
* Click Airways, a UAE airline
* Clickair, a Spanish airline
* MexicanaClick, a Mexican airline
Art, entertainment, and media Fictional characters
* Klick (fictional species), an alien race in the g ...
s, .
{{Latin script
Latin-script trigraphs