Schuylkill County, PA
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Schuylkill County (, ;
Pennsylvania Dutch The Pennsylvania Dutch ( Pennsylvania Dutch: ), also known as Pennsylvania Germans, are a cultural group formed by German immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. They emigrated primarily from German-spe ...
: Schulkill Kaundi) is a
county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
in the
Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
of
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
. It is located in the heart of Pennsylvania's
Coal Region The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite, anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons. The region is typically define ...
and is part of
Northeastern Pennsylvania Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA) is a geographic region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, the Endless Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbon ...
. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The
county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. The equivalent term shire town is used in the US st ...
is Pottsville. The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and
Northampton Northampton () is a market town and civil parish in the East Midlands of England, on the River Nene, north-west of London and south-east of Birmingham. The county town of Northamptonshire, Northampton is one of the largest towns in England; ...
countiesThe History of Schuylkill County Pa. with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of some of its Prominent Men and Pioneers, New York: W.W. Munsell and Co., 1881, p. 74 and named for the
Schuylkill River The Schuylkill River ( , ) is a river running northwest to southeast in eastern Pennsylvania. The river was improved by navigations into the Schuylkill Canal, and several of its tributaries drain major parts of Pennsylvania's Coal Region. It fl ...
, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties. The county is part of the
Pottsville, Pennsylvania Pottsville is the county seat of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 13,346 at the 2020 census, and is the principal city of the Pottsville, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies along the west bank of th ...
Micropolitan Statistical Area.


History


18th century

The lands that today constitute Schuylkill County were acquired by
William Penn William Penn ( – ) was an English writer and religious thinker belonging to the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, a North American colony of England. He was an early advocate of democracy a ...
's proprietors by treaty executed August 22, 1749, with representatives of the Six Nations and the
Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...
, Shamokin and
Shawnee The Shawnee are an Algonquian-speaking indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. In the 17th century they lived in Pennsylvania, and in the 18th century they were in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, with some bands in Kentucky a ...
, who received 500 pounds "lawful money of Pennsylvania". The territory described included all of Schuylkill County except the northern part of Union Township, which was included in the purchase of 1768. In the year 1754, the area that would become Schuylkill County along with the areas that today are Berks, Dauphin,
Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...
, and Lehigh counties were settled by
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
immigrants. The earliest settlers in southeastern Schuylkill County, which was then part of Northampton County, were primarily
Moravian missionaries , image = AgnusDeiWindow.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , caption = Church emblem featuring the Agnus Dei.Stained glass at the Rights Chapel of Trinity Moravian Church, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States , main_classification = Proto-Prot ...
from
Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...
. Other early settlers in southern Schuylkill County were
German Palatines Palatines (german: Pfälzer), also known as the Palatine Dutch, are the people and princes of Palatinates ( Holy Roman principalities) of the Holy Roman Empire. The Palatine diaspora includes the Pennsylvania Dutch and New York Dutch. In 170 ...
. An early
mill Mill may refer to: Science and technology * * Mill (grinding) * Milling (machining) * Millwork * Textile mill * Steel mill, a factory for the manufacture of steel * List of types of mill * Mill, the arithmetic unit of the Analytical Engine early ...
in the county was built in 1744 by John Finscher, but it later burned down. The first
log Log most often refers to: * Trunk (botany), the stem and main wooden axis of a tree, called logs when cut ** Logging, cutting down trees for logs ** Firewood, logs used for fuel ** Lumber or timber, converted from wood logs * Logarithm, in mathe ...
church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Chris ...
in the county was built in 1755. Native American massacres were commonplace in Schuylkill County between 1755 and 1765. Warrant for tracts of land in the vicinity of McKeansburg were in existence as early as 1750.Old Schuylkill Tales: A History of Interesting Events, Traditions and ... - Ella Zerbey Elliott - Google Books
Books.google.com. Retrieved on August 15, 2013.
Found by Sammy Hepler in 1789. Anthracite
coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dea ...
(then called stone coal) was discovered by Necho Allen near the area where Pottsville was ultimately developed in 1790. In 1795, a blacksmith in Schuylkill County named Whetstone learned how to use the coal successfully for smithing purposes. In 1806 coal was found while the tail-race was cut of the Valley (Iron) Forge, on the Schuylkill. Daniel Berlin, another blacksmith, also used it successfully, and smiths in the neighborhood adopted using the coal.


19th century

Schuylkill County was created via an Act of Assembly on March 1, 1811, from portions of Berks and
Northampton Northampton () is a market town and civil parish in the East Midlands of England, on the River Nene, north-west of London and south-east of Birmingham. The county town of Northamptonshire, Northampton is one of the largest towns in England; ...
counties.The Legislation was signed by Governor
Simon Snyder Simon Snyder (November 5, 1759November 9, 1819) was the third Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, serving three terms from 1808 to 1817. He led the state through the War of 1812. Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Snyder established a ...
on March 18. See, History of Schuylkill County, Munsell, 1881, p.74
More land was added to the county in 1818, from Columbia and Luzerne counties. At the time of its creation, the county had a population of about 6,000.Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart, The History of Schulykill County in Honor of the County's Centenary (1911) An early book of Schuylkill County
history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...
was written by Daniel Deibert in 1802. Orwisgsburg was the first community in Schuylkill County to be laid out. During the early years of Schuylkill County, there was an attempt to make McKeansburg the
county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. The equivalent term shire town is used in the US st ...
; Orwigsburg was also a contender. Orwigsburg was agreed upon to be the county seat, as it was deemed to be well-suited for industries. Beginning in 1831, sentiment began to rise for moving the county seat to Pottsville. In 1846, the Legislature passed an Act that was approved by Governor
Francis R. Shunk Francis Rawn Shunk (August 7, 1788 – July 20, 1848) was the tenth governor of Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1848. Early career Shunk was born on August 7, 1788 in Trappe, Pennsylvania, to a poor farming family of German descent. His great-grandfa ...
on March 13, submitting the question to the voters. The change was desired principally because the railroad and canal connections with Orwigsburg were problematic to transport the public to that town without losing valuable time while Pottsville had such facilities and was within easy access from all parts of the county. In 1812, George Shoemaker who, with Necho Allen, had discovered "stone coal" at Centerville in Schuylkill County, personally delivered some coal to
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
. He gave away most of the coal, intending to encourage individuals to find ways to use it. Most of the experiments failed and though Shoemaker was nearly run out of town and called an "imposter", Mellon and Bishop of Delaware County successfully used it in their
rolling mill In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness, to make the thickness uniform, and/or to impart a desired mechanical property. The concept is simil ...
. When other rolling mills also adopted the fuel, a large industrial market and demand developed. The Schuylkill Navigation Company was chartered in 1815 to build a series of navigation improvements in the
Schuylkill River The Schuylkill River ( , ) is a river running northwest to southeast in eastern Pennsylvania. The river was improved by navigations into the Schuylkill Canal, and several of its tributaries drain major parts of Pennsylvania's Coal Region. It fl ...
. This was during a period when the much larger
Erie Canal The Erie Canal is a historic canal in upstate New York that runs east-west between the Hudson River and Lake Erie. Completed in 1825, the canal was the first navigable waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, vastly reducing t ...
along the
Mohawk River The Mohawk River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed October 3, 2011 river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River. The Mohawk f ...
in New York also was being developed. It was well ahead of other key canals fueling the Industrial Revolution, such as the
Delaware and Hudson The Delaware and Hudson Railway (D&H) is a railroad that operates in the Northeastern United States. In 1991, after more than 150 years as an independent railroad, the D&H was purchased by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP). CP operates D&H ...
, the Lehigh, the Chesapeake and Ohio, Delaware and Raritan, and
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canals. The originators of the project did not count upon the coal trade to promote the success of the undertaking. They looked forward mainly to transporting the agricultural products being produced below the mountains, the lumber of Schuylkill County, and the grain and other products of the counties between the Susquehanna and Schuylkill rivers. The first shipments of coal by canal were made in 1822 when 1,480 tons were sent down the line.Munsell, W., ''History of Schuylkill County'', New York: Macnamara, 1881 With a regular supply of anthracite coal ensured, the southern anthracite coal field in Schuylkill County attracted speculators and fortune hunters. They were inspired by dreams of becoming millionaires. This was the first speculative era of the Schuylkill coal trade. Pottsville became the center of the movement. The more successful explorers revealed numerous veins of coal, extending over a vast stretch of county and with a seemingly inexhaustible quantity of coal. These discoveries brought excitement and speculation; lands were bought (and sold); roads were laid out in the forest, mines were opened and railroads projected, and innumerable town plots planned. The demand for houses was so great that the lumber for many was framed in Philadelphia and sent by canal to the burgeoning coal region. At this stage, coal-mining firms were small and family owned. The residents and entrepreneurs of the Schuylkill region opposed the entry here of incorporated coal companies. In these years, coal mining operations in the Schuylkill region were conducted with economy, and relatively little capital was required. As the workings were all above the water level, no machinery was required for water drainage or for hoisting coal to the surface. Coal breakers and other expensive fixtures and appliances for the preparation of coal had not then been introduced. Numerous operators produced from five to six thousand tons for market annually (which was then considered a respectable business), who had never committed thousands of dollars to their enterprises, including their first land purchases of coal mines. It was commonly asserted that coal land could be bought and mines opened for less capital than the purchase and stocking of a decent farm. Such mines could be worked for less capital than that required to establish a line of stagecoaches or transportation wagons. Eventually, railroads replaced the canals as the primary means of transporting coal to markets. Mining was taken over by major corporate business, especially after the
Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
. As a result, the Middle Coal Field was developed in the 1860s and the
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad The Reading Company ( ) was a Philadelphia-headquartered railroad that provided passenger and commercial rail transport in eastern Pennsylvania and neighboring states that operated from 1924 until its 1976 acquisition by Conrail. Commonly called ...
created a subsidiary (
Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company Reading Anthracite Company is a coal mining company based in Pottsville, Pennsylvania in the United States. It mainly mines anthracite coal in the Coal Region of eastern Pennsylvania. The company owns the Bear Valley Strip Mine in Northumberland ...
) to buy or lease, and develop the expanding industrial coal trade. Consumption of coal along the Schuylkill above Philadelphia in 1839 was 30,290 tons when the Pioneer at Pottsville, the first anthracite furnace in the United States, became operational. By 1849, consumption had increased to 239,290 tons, to 554,774 tons in 1859, and to 1,787,205 tons in 1873. The numerous jobs in the mining industry comprised a catalyst for mass immigration to Schuylkill County from the
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and Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries. As mines became more numerous (by 1846 there were 110 operators in the region and 142 collieries in Schuylkill County) and more complex (in 1846 there were 35 collieries below water level), mechanical breakers, steam locomotive, it became more labor-intensive both for accomplishing mining tasks and supporting mining's peripheral industries. Such industries included manufacturing of explosives, metal screens, pump components, piping, and timber for support. This led to an influx of population into Schuylkill and other anthracite counties to fill these jobs. Beginning with the Irish immigration in the 1840s (fueled by the Great Famine), after the
Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
, beginning in the 1870s, newcomers arrived from Eastern Europe. Poles, Hungarians, Lithuanians, Slovaks, Rusyns and Ukrainians (Ruthenians), often from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy settled in the villages of Schuylkill County and took their place among the laborers in the coal mines. By the 1880s and 1890s, thousands of Italians immigrated for jobs related to mining.


20th century

The anthracite mining industry peaked in production in 1917 and subsequently declined (with exceptions during the First and Second World Wars). In the 1950s and 1960s, underground mining operations closed in Schuylkill County and throughout the
Coal Region The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite, anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons. The region is typically define ...
and surface mining became predominate. On November 5, 1934 (election eve), a parade marched through the Village of
Kelayres Kelayres is a census-designated place in Kline Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States on Broad Mountain, just west of McAdoo. Reservoir Number 8 is just west of Kelayres and drains northward into the Catawissa Creek, a tributary ...
in
Kline Township Kline Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. The population was 1,473 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of of which is land and (1.13%) is water. It is drained ...
. A crowd of Democratic Party supporters walked toward the home of Republican Party leader, Joseph Bruno. Frustration with Bruno family control of the school board and other local offices had been growing for years. Shots were fired from the Bruno home and yard located at Fourth and Centre Streets. Several people were killed and more than 20 marchers were injured. In 2016, Schuylkill County had 6 underground mines and 25 surface mines operating, producing 62,000 tons and 833,000 tons of coal, respectively. Operators today are re-mining areas of anthracite that were previously mined. It is estimated that 98 percent of the anthracite produced is from existing mines.


Renewable energy

Since the early 21st century, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, has decreased its use of coal power and become a major producer of renewable energy. Twenty-five percent of the county's electrical production currently comes from renewables.State Maps
US Energy Information Administration
Wind power Wind power or wind energy is mostly the use of wind turbines to electricity generation, generate electricity. Wind power is a popular, sustainable energy, sustainable, renewable energy source that has a much smaller Environmental impact of wi ...
is the largest producer, accounting for 80% of the renewable energy output, while solar and biomass account for 20%. The Locust Ridge
wind turbine A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Hundreds of thousands of large turbines, in installations known as wind farms, now generate over 650 gigawatts of power, with 60 GW added each year. ...
s in the north of the county produce enough electricity for 37,500 homes, equivalent to the 48 MW of electricity generated by the Wheelabrator Frackville's waste coal plant.


Railroad history

In the early 19th century, southern Schuylkill County was served by the
Union Canal Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...
out of Pine Grove Township with connections west, and the Schuylkill Canal (the Schuylkill Navigation) southward from Port Carbon to
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
. Coal mined by the
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company was a mining and transportation company headquartered in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, now known as Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania. The company operated from 1818 until its dissolution in 1964 and played an early and i ...
in the Tamaqua and Coaldale areas was often shipped down the
Lehigh Canal The Lehigh Canal, or the Lehigh Navigation Canal, is a navigable canal that begins at the mouth of Nesquehoning Creek on the Lehigh River in eastern Pennsylvania. It was built in two sections over a span of twenty years, beginning in 1818. The low ...
from
Jim Thorpe James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox (Sauk): ''Wa-Tho-Huk'', translated as "Bright Path"; May 22 or 28, 1887March 28, 1953) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist. A member of the Sac and Fox Nation, Thorpe was the first Native ...
in neighboring Carbon County. To the north, mountain and ridges were a natural barrier to navigation. Other means were required to transport coal out of the rich basin of the Mahanoy Valley. Numerous railroads were begun in the late 1820s and early 1830s north of the Schuylkill Canal to enable the transport of coal to the canal terminus in Philadelphia and other markets. These included: *The Schuylkill Valley Railroad, commencing at Port Carbon to
Tuscarora Tuscarora may refer to the following: First nations and Native American people and culture * Tuscarora people **''Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation'' (1960) * Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people * ...
, a distance of ten miles, with fifteen branches intersecting it, the distances combined amounting to another ten miles. *The Mill Creek Railroad, from Port Carbon up the valley of Mill Creek four miles, with about three miles of branch roads intersecting it. This was the first road completed and was in operation part of the year 1829. *The
Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven Railroad The Mine Hill & Schuylkill Haven Railroad (MH&SH) was operating by April 1831 in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, from above Mine Hill Gap (north of Minersville) to Schuylkill Haven on the Schuylkill Canal. This railroad was developed by the Ne ...
, commencing at Schuylkill Haven to Minersville having a length, including the west branch, of fifteen miles. There were also about five miles of branches intersecting it. *The Mount Carbon Railroad, commencing at Mount Carbon and extending up the east and west branches of the Norwegian creek; a length of road seven miles. *The Little Schuylkill Railroad, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, twenty miles in length. Of prime importance was the Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven, which served the Schuylkill Canal. Chartered in 1831, tracks were laid from the flats in Schuylkill Haven along the river through Cressona and Minersville to Tremont. The railroad eventually reached Ashland and Locust Gap via the Gordon Planes. Construction on the Little Schuylkill Railroad began in 1829. It ran from Port Clinton northward to Mahanoy Junction above Tamaqua. It would become the keystone of the Philadelphia and Reading system, serving as a gauntlet for its eastern and western branches. Connecting with it were four important lines. The 146 mile (235 km) Catawissa Railroad operated from Mahanoy Junction to West Milton, providing access to the Mahanoy region by joining the northern terminus of the Little Schuylkill with connections to
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
,
Scranton Scranton is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, Lackawanna County. With a population of 76,328 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 U ...
and also points west. At Port Clinton, it connected with the P&R's main line from Mount Carbon. Its most important connection would be with the Mahanoy and Broad Mountain Railway via Mahanoy Tunnel and East Mahanoy Railroad. There was once over 1,000 miles (1600 km) of railroad track in Schuylkill County. At one point in the 19th century, the largest railyard and roundhouse in the world was located at Mill Creek between Pottsville and St. Clair.


Farming history

Schuylkill County's history is not solely a story about coal mining and railroads. The first settlers were farmers or lumbermen. In the fertile agricultural valleys (not underlain with coal) between the Blue Mountain range in the south to near the Susquehanna River to the north, generations of farming families have helped feed their neighbors in the mines, on the rails, on the canals, and in the towns within and surrounding the county. After settlement of the farms, came a period of diversified, small scale production that lasted until about the late 19th century. After then, more highly mechanized small farms combined livestock and crop production for new, mainly local and regional markets. Then the system re-oriented to add orchard products, trees and plant products and poultry farming. In 2012, the estimated value of agricultural products in Schuylkill County sold was $165,853,000, ranking 9th in the State and 704th in the US (counties).USDA, Census of Agriculture Schuylkill County Profile (2012) The county ranks in the top 100 in the US counties for nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod products and cut Christmas trees and short rotation woody crops.


Textile industry history

Textile manufacturing evolved as a major industry in the county near the beginning of the 20th Century. Phillips & Jones Co. (Now known as Phillips Van Heusen), began in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and was once Schuylkill County's largest employer. Another textile giant, John E. Morgan Knitting Mills also began manufacturing in 1945 in Tamaqua, eventually becoming the largest employer in the county in the 1970-80s. In addition there were numerous smaller shops all over the county, doing subcontract work for the major manufacturers all over the US. As the century wore on, textile industry, which employed significant numbers of women, rivaled the coal mining industry in importance, especially after the end of World War 2, when that industry began to collapse. As a consequence of the Great Depression, garment manufacturers began to look for people willing to work (at lower wages) outside of New York City, the center of the industry. Pennsylvania became the 3rd highest-ranked apparel manufacturer in the United States by 1940. Women's clothing became the state's fastest growing product. The dominance of the industry in Schuylkill County lasted until the last decade of the 20th century, when it was clear that the garment manufacturing industry was leaving Schuylkill County and other regions of the US and moving to foreign countries. By 2011, only six manufacturers employing 341 people remained in the county.


Geography

According to the
U.S. Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...
, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.5%) is water. The
Schuylkill River The Schuylkill River ( , ) is a river running northwest to southeast in eastern Pennsylvania. The river was improved by navigations into the Schuylkill Canal, and several of its tributaries drain major parts of Pennsylvania's Coal Region. It fl ...
headwaters are found in the county, starting in the
Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, (french: Appalaches), are a system of mountains in eastern to northeastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. They ...
, and flows through many towns and the city of
Reading, Pennsylvania Reading ( ; Pennsylvania Dutch: ''Reddin'') is a city in and the county seat of Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The city had a population of 95,112 as of the 2020 census and is the fourth-largest city in Pennsylvania after Philade ...
, to
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
where it flows into the
Delaware River The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock (village), New York, Hancock, New York, the river flows for along the borders of N ...
. The Schuylkill drains the majority of the county while some western and northern areas of the county are drained by the
Susquehanna River The Susquehanna River (; Lenape: Siskëwahane) is a major river located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, overlapping between the lower Northeast and the Upland South. At long, it is the longest river on the East Coast of the ...
. The
Swatara Creek Swatara Creek (nicknamed the Swatty) is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed August 8, 2011 tributary of the Susquehanna River in east-central Pennsylvania in the United Sta ...
,
Wiconisco Creek Wiconisco Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Schuylkill and Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Dauphin counties, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long. Course Wiconisco Creek begins ...
,
Mahantango Creek Mahantango Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed August 8, 2011 tributary of the Susquehanna River in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Dauphin, Northumberland County, P ...
,
Mahanoy Creek Mahanoy Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed August 8, 2011 tributary of the Susquehanna River in Northumberland and Schuylkill counties, Pennsylvania. There are ...
, and
Catawissa Creek Catawissa Creek (colloquially known as The Cat) is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed August 8, 2011 tributary of the Susquehanna River in east-central Pennsylvania in th ...
all start in Schuylkill County and are tributaries of the Susquehanna. Areas of the eastern portion of the county drain into the
Lehigh River The Lehigh River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 1, 2011 tributary of the Delaware River in eastern Pennsylvania. The river flows in a generally southward pat ...
via the
Quakake Creek Quakake Creek (pronounced QWAY-kake) is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 1, 2011 tributary of Black Creek in Carbon County, Pennsylvania in the United States.Gertl ...
,
Nesquehoning Creek Nesquehoning Creek is an east flowing tributary of the Lehigh River in northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States.Gertler, Edward. ''Keystone Canoeing'', Seneca Press, 2004. Nesquehoning Creek joins the Lehigh River 2 miles (3.2  ...
, Mahoning Creek, and Lizard Creek, all of which also start in the county. To the south, southern Schuylkill county is home to Blue Mountain and the
Appalachian Trail The Appalachian Trail (also called the A.T.), is a hiking trail in the Eastern United States, extending almost between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine, and passing through 14 states.Gailey, Chris (2006)"Appalachian Tr ...
. Broad Mountain crosses the county from northeast to southwest. Schuylkill County is located in northeastern Pennsylvania's
Coal Region The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite, anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons. The region is typically define ...
. It is located just north of the
Lehigh Valley The Lehigh Valley (), known colloquially as The Valley, is a geographic region formed by the Lehigh River in Lehigh County and Northampton County in eastern Pennsylvania. It is a component valley of the Great Appalachian Valley bound to the no ...
and
Reading Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of Letter (alphabet), letters, symbols, etc., especially by Visual perception, sight or Somatosensory system, touch. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process invo ...
metropolitan areas. Portions of eastern Schuylkill County around Tamaqua are located in the
Pocono Mountains The Pocono Mountains, commonly referred to as the Poconos , are a geographical, geological, and cultural region in Northeastern Pennsylvania. They overlook the Delaware River and Delaware Water Gap to the east, Lake Wallenpaupack to the north, W ...
. As a result, like other portions of the Poconos, eastern Schuylkill has experienced an influx of people from
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
and
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
who commute into
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
each day. The commute can take up to two hours each way due to distance and traffic. Far western areas of the county are located near
Harrisburg Harrisburg is the capital city of the Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Dauphin County. With a population of 50,135 as of the 2021 census, Harrisburg is the List of c ...
and are sometimes considered to be located in
South Central Pennsylvania South Central Pennsylvania is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the fourteen counties of Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Huntingdon, Juniata, Lancaster, Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, and York. Portions of west ...
.


Climate

The county has a
humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(''Dfa/Dfb'') with four distinct seasons. The
hardiness zone A hardiness zone is a geographic area defined as having a certain average annual minimum temperature, a factor relevant to the survival of many plants. In some systems other statistics are included in the calculations. The original and most wide ...
is 6b in lowlands of the south-central and SW areas of the county. In the remainder of Schuylkill, the zone is 6a except in some higher areas to the NE on Broad Mountain where it is 5b. Broad Mountain separates the Susquehanna and Schuylkill watersheds for much of its length. Average monthly temperatures in the vicinity of downtown Pottsville range from 27.3 °F in January to 72.3 °F in July, while in Mahanoy City they range from 24.3 °F in January to 69.3 °F in July


Adjacent counties

* Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, Luzerne County (north) * Carbon County (northeast) * Lehigh County (southeast) *
Berks County Berks County ( Pennsylvania German: ''Barricks Kaundi'') is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 428,849. The county seat is Reading. The Schuylkill River, a tributary of the Delaware River ...
(south) *
Lebanon County Lebanon County ( Pennsylvania Dutch: Lebanon Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 133,568. Its county seat is the city of Lebanon. The county was formed from portions of Dauphi ...
(southwest) *
Dauphin County Dauphin County (; Pennsylvania Dutch: Daffin Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat and the largest city is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth ...
(southwest) * Northumberland County (northwest) * Columbia County (northwest)


Major roads and highways

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Demographics


2020 census


Micropolitan Statistical Area

The United States Office of Management and Budget, U.S. Office of Management and Budget has designated Schuylkill County as the Pottsville, PA Micropolitan statistical area, micropolitan statistical area (µSA). As of the 2010 United States Census, 2010 U.S. Census the micropolitan area ranked the number 1 most populous in the State of Pennsylvania and the List of micropolitan statistical areas, 5th most populous in the United States with a population of 148,289.


Law and government

The Schuylkill County Sheriff's Department consists of the Sheriff's Office and operates the Central Booking unit. The Sheriff's Office is composed of a Civil and Criminal Division. The Civil Division processes real estate and property paperwork, as well as issue firearms permits. The Criminal Division is responsible for the security of the courthouses, as well as the transportation of prisoners to and from court hearings and to other correctional facilities. The Sheriff's Department is also responsible for detecting and interdicting weapons before they can enter the courthouse and making criminal arrests of persons when weapons are found. The Sheriff's Department provides all facets of security for the County courthouse and makes arrests inside the courthouse for various offenses including possession of weapons and controlled substances as well as the arrest of disorderly persons and other violations of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code Title 18. All Deputy Sheriffs are sworn law enforcement officers who must attend the state Sheriff Academy in State College to be certified as a Deputy Sheriff. The Sheriff Academy is a paramilitary Sheriff academy that consists of 6 months of intense training in all facets of criminal and civil law of Pennsylvania as well as physical training, self defense training, weapons certification and training, as well as tactical training, training in handcuffing and restraint, courtroom and courthouse security, and conducting security assessments of Courthouse and courtroom facilities. Central Booking processes fingerprints and photographs of arrested individuals. When requested by other police agencies, the Sheriff's Department performs patrol duties in various communities within Schuylkill county and provides support to other Police agencies during major incidents, search warrant executions, arrest warrant operations, special events and in various other capacities.


Politics

, there were 94,110 registered voters in Schuylkill County. * Republican Party (United States), Republican: 45,054 (47.87%) * Democratic Party (United States), Democratic: 40,092 (42.60%) * Other Parties: 8,964 (9.53%) , there were 87,033 registered voters in Schuylkill County. * Republican Party (United States), Republican: 48,078 (55.24%) * Democratic Party (United States), Democratic: 27,613 (31.72%) * Independent (United States), Independent: 7,175 (8.24%) * Third party (United States), Third Party: 4,167 (4.79%) While the Republican Party has been historically dominant in Schuylkill County politics, Democrats became dominant at the county level after the 2007 elections. John McCain received 53.6% of the vote to 44.9% for Barack Obama in November 2008. In the state row offices of the same election, each statewide winner carried the county. In 2006 Democrat Tim Seip won the heavily Republican 125th House district and Bob Casey Jr. carried Schuylkill when he unseated incumbent Republican US Senator Rick Santorum. Former State Representative Dave Argall won the special election of March 3 to succeed the late State Senator James J. Rhoades, Jim Rhoades and was sworn in on March 17. Jerry Knowles won the special election for Argall's seat in the 124th House district on May 19. In 2010, the GOP regained ground when Seip was defeated for reelection by Republican Mike Tobash. In 2011, the GOP reclaimed the county government. This GOP resurgence has been followed by the subsequent election of Donald Trump in 2016, where he received 69% of the area's popular vote to Hillary Clinton's 26.7%. Trump received the highest percentage of the vote of any presidential candidate since 1964, when Lyndon B. Johnson won the county in his national landslide victory.


Commissioners

* Barron "Boots" Hetherington, chair, Republican * George Halcovage, Republican * Gary J. Hess, Democrat


Other county officials

* Clerk of Courts, Maria Casey, Republican * Controller, Sharyn Yackenchick (Acting), Republican * Coroner, David J. Moylan, Republican * District Attorney, Michael O'Pake, Democrat * Prothonotary, Bridget McGowan Miller, Republican * Recorder of Deeds, Ann Dudish, Republican * Register of Wills, Theresa Santai-Gaffney, Republican * Sheriff, Joseph Groody, Democrat * Treasurer, Linda Marchalk, Republican


Pennsylvania House of Representatives

* Tim Twardzik, Republican, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 123, 123rd district * Jerry Knowles, Republican, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 124, 124th district * Joseph Kerwin (politician), Joseph Kerwin, Republican, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 125, 125th district


Pennsylvania Senate

* Dave Argall, Republican, Pennsylvania Senate, District 29, 29th district


United States House of Representatives

* Dan Meuser, Republican, Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district, 9th district


United States Senate

* Pat Toomey, Republican Party (United States), Republican * Bob Casey Jr., Democratic Party (United States), Democrat


Education


Colleges and universities

* Alvernia University, Cressona * Lehigh Carbon Community College - Morgan Center, Tamaqua * Penn State Schuylkill Campus, Schuylkill Haven


Public school districts

* Blue Mountain School District * Hazleton Area School District (also in Luzerne and Carbon Counties) * Mahanoy Area School District * Minersville Area School District * North Schuylkill School District (also in Columbia County) * Panther Valley School District (also in Carbon County) * Pine Grove Area School District * Pottsville Area School District * Saint Clair Area School District * Schuylkill Haven Area School District * Shenandoah Valley School District * Tamaqua Area School District * Tri-Valley School District * Williams Valley School District (also in Dauphin County)


Communities

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: List of cities in Pennsylvania, cities, List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania, boroughs, List of townships in Pennsylvania, townships, and, in at most two cases, List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania#Towns, towns. The following cities, boroughs and townships are located in Schuylkill County:


City

* Pottsville (county seat)


Boroughs

* Ashland (partly in Columbia County) * Auburn, Pennsylvania, Auburn * Coaldale * Cressona * Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, Deer Lake * Frackville, Pennsylvania, Frackville * Gilberton, Pennsylvania, Gilberton * Girardville, Pennsylvania, Girardville * Gordon, Pennsylvania, Gordon * Landingville, Pennsylvania, Landingville * Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania, Mahanoy City * McAdoo, Pennsylvania, McAdoo * Mechanicsville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Mechanicsville * Middleport, Pennsylvania, Middleport * Minersville * Mount Carbon * New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New Philadelphia * New Ringgold, Pennsylvania, New Ringgold * Orwigsburg * Palo Alto, Pennsylvania, Palo Alto * Pine Grove, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Pine Grove * Port Carbon * Port Clinton * Ringtown, Pennsylvania, Ringtown * Schuylkill Haven * Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, Shenandoah * St. Clair * Tamaqua * Tower City, Pennsylvania, Tower City * Tremont


Townships

* Barry Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Barry * Blythe Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Blythe * Branch Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Branch * Butler Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Butler * Cass Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Cass * Delano Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Delano * East Brunswick Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, East Brunswick * East Norwegian Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, East Norwegian * East Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, East Union * Eldred Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Eldred * Foster Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Foster * Frailey Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Frailey * Hegins Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Hegins * Hubley Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Hubley * Kline Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Kline * Mahanoy Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Mahanoy * New Castle Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, New Castle * North Manheim Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, North Manheim * North Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, North Union * Norwegian Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Norwegian * Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Pine Grove * Porter Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Porter * Reilly Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Reilly * Rush Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Rush * Ryan Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Ryan * Schuylkill Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Schuylkill * South Manheim Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, South Manheim * Tremont Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Tremont * Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Union * Upper Mahantongo Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Upper Mahantongo * Walker Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Walker * Washington Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Washington * Wayne Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Wayne * West Brunswick Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, West Brunswick * West Mahanoy Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, West Mahanoy * West Penn Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, West Penn


Census-designated places

Census-designated places are unincorporated area, unincorporated communities designated by the
U.S. Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...
for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. * Altamont, Pennsylvania, Altamont * Beurys Lake, Pennsylvania, Beurys Lake * Branchdale, Pennsylvania, Branchdale * Brandonville, Pennsylvania, Brandonville * Buck Run, Pennsylvania, Buck Run * Cumbola, Pennsylvania, Cumbola * Delano, Pennsylvania, Delano * Donaldson, Pennsylvania, Donaldson * Duncott, Pennsylvania, Duncott * Englewood, Pennsylvania, Englewood * Forestville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Forestville * Fountain Springs, Pennsylvania, Fountain Springs * Friedensburg, Pennsylvania, Friedensburg * Grier City, Pennsylvania, Grier City * Heckscherville, Pennsylvania, Heckscherville * Hegins, Pennsylvania, Hegins * Hometown, Pennsylvania, Hometown *
Kelayres Kelayres is a census-designated place in Kline Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States on Broad Mountain, just west of McAdoo. Reservoir Number 8 is just west of Kelayres and drains northward into the Catawissa Creek, a tributary ...
* Klingerstown, Pennsylvania, Klingerstown * Lake Wynonah, Pennsylvania, Lake Wynonah * Lavelle, Pennsylvania, Lavelle * Locustdale, Pennsylvania, Locustdale * Marlin, Pennsylvania, Marlin * McKeansburg * Morea, Pennsylvania, Morea * Muir, Pennsylvania, Muir * New Boston, Pennsylvania, New Boston * Newtown, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Newtown * Nuremberg, Pennsylvania, Nuremberg * Oneida, Pennsylvania, Oneida * Orwin, Pennsylvania, Orwin * Park Crest, Pennsylvania, Park Crest * Ravine, Pennsylvania, Ravine * Reinerton, Pennsylvania, Reinerton * Renningers, Pennsylvania, Renningers * Seltzer, Pennsylvania, Seltzer * Shenandoah Heights, Pennsylvania, Shenandoah Heights * Sheppton, Pennsylvania, Sheppton * Summit Station, Pennsylvania, Summit Station *
Tuscarora Tuscarora may refer to the following: First nations and Native American people and culture * Tuscarora people **''Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation'' (1960) * Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people * ...
* Valley View, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Valley View


Other unincorporated communities

* Adamsdale * Aucheys * Andreas, Pennsylvania, Andreas * Barnesville, Pennsylvania, Barnesville * Beuchler * Blackwood * Boston Run, Pennsylvania, Boston Run * Brockton, Pennsylvania, Brockton * Brommerstown * Brookside * Clamtown, Pennsylvania, Clamtown * Connerton, Pennsylvania, Connerton * Drehersville, Pennsylvania, Drehersville * Deturksville, Pennsylvania, Deturksville * Exmoor * Fearnot, Pennsylvania, Fearnot * Frisbie * Fountain * Ginthers * Glen Carbon, Pennsylvania, Glen Carbon * Good Spring * Haddock * Hauto * Hecla * Irving * Joliett * Kepners * Leibeyville * Llewellyn, Pennsylvania, Llewellyn * Locust Valley * Lofty * Lorberry * Mahoning Valley * Mantzville * Marstown * Mary D, Pennsylvania, Mary D * Molino * Moyers * New Mines (located within Branchdale, Pennsylvania, Branchdale) * Newkirk, Pennsylvania, Newkirk * North Pine Grove * Orwin * Outwood * Owl Creek * Pitman, Pennsylvania, Pitman * Pleasant Valley * Quakake, Pennsylvania, Quakake * Rauschs, Pennsylvania, Rauschs * Reedsville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Reedsville * Reevesdale, Pennsylvania, Reevesdale * Rene Mont * Roedersville * Rough and Ready, Pennsylvania, Rough and Ready * Sacramento, Pennsylvania, Sacramento * Seek * Sheridan * Snyders, Pennsylvania, Snyders * South Tamaqua, Pennsylvania, South Tamaqua * Spring Glen, Pennsylvania, Spring Glen * Stanhope * Steins * Still Creek * Stonemont * Suedberg, Pennsylvania, Suedberg * Tamanend, Pennsylvania, Tamanend * Weishample, Pennsylvania, Weishample * Zenners * Zion Grove, Pennsylvania, Zion Grove


Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 United States census, 2010 census of Schuylkill County. † ''county seat''


Notable people

* Muhammad Ali, former heavyweight boxing champion, had his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, Deer Lake * Charles Justin Bailey, former commanding general of the 81st Infantry Division (United States), 81st Division in World War I * Gary Becker, economist and University of Chicago professor awarded Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences * Francis Brennan (cardinal), Francis Brennan, Catholic Church cardinal * Les Brown (bandleader), Les Brown, former leader of Les Brown and the Band of Renown * Walter Ciszek, former Roman Catholic priest, author, and gulag survivor * George Dietzler, American Civil War general * Jimmy Dorsey, former jazz musician and band leader * Tommy Dorsey, former jazz musician and band leader * David Horst, former Major League Soccer player * John E. Jones III, former U.S. federal judge * George Joulwan, former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe * Danny Litwhiler, former Major League Baseball player * Molly Maguires, a clandestine society of Irish miners who engaged in a violent confrontation with Pennsylvania mining companies in the 19th century * John O'Hara, short story writer and novelist * Henry Pleasants, coal mining engineer and Union Army Brigadier general (United States), brigadier general in the American Civil War * Darryl Ponicsan, novelist * Conrad Richter, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Pulitzer-Prize and National Book Award for Fiction, National Book Award-winning American novelist * Victor Schertzinger, musician, film director, and composer. * John Walson, cable television system pioneer


See also

* National Register of Historic Places listings in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania * Mahantongo * Reading Company * Yuengling


Notes


References


External links

*
Schuylkill Chamber of Commerce

Schuylkill County Visitors Bureau
{{Coord, 40.70, -76.21, display=title, type:adm2nd_region:US-PA_source:UScensus1990 Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, 1811 establishments in Pennsylvania Counties of Appalachia Anthracite Coal Region of Pennsylvania Populated places established in 1811 Ukrainian communities in the United States