''Schizothorax'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;; ...

( Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). A re-examination of the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Schizothorax (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) through enhanced sampling, with emphasis on the species in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50(3). They are primarily found in highland rivers, streams and lakes, although a few species occur in lower-lying locations, like Lake Balkhash and lakes of the Sistan Basin.Coad, B.; and J. Hales (2008)
Helmand - Sistan.
Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 18 May 2019. Their scientific name means "cloven-breast", from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

() 'to cleave' and () 'breast-plate' (see also

thorax The thorax or chest is a part of the anatomy of humans, mammals, and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the ...

). The western

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

are typically referred to as ''marinkas'' from their Russian name (), while the eastern species are usually called snowtrout. Although they do resemble trouts in

habitus Habitus may refer to: * Habitus (biology), a term commonly used in biology as being less ambiguous than "habit" * Habitus (sociology), embodied dispositions or tendencies that organize how people perceive and respond to the world around them * ' ...

this is merely due to convergent evolution and they are by no means closely related apart from both being Teleostei: Cyprinids are in the teleost superorder Ostariophysi, while trouts are in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the

Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...

, more than 200 million years ago. ''Schizothorax'' is a part of the schizothoracines (snowtrout and allies), which also includes the genera '' Aspiorhynchus'', '' Chuanchia'', '' Diptychus'', '' Gymnodiptychus'', '' Gymnocypris'', '' Oxygymnocypris'', '' Platypharodon'', '' Ptychobarbus'', '' Schizopyge'' and '' Schizopygopsis''.Qi, D.; Y. Chao; S. Guo; L. Zhao; T. Li; F. Wei; and X. Zhao (2012). Convergent, Parallel and Correlated Evolution of Trophic Morphologies in the Subfamily Schizothoracinae from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PLoS ONE 7(3): e34070. The last two were formerly often included in the present genus, and their delimitation is still not entirely clear. In any case, the genus ''Schizothorax'' (and other "snowtrouts") are in turn related to such cyprinids as the typical barbels ('' Barbus'' '' sensu stricto'' and the doubtfully distinct '' Luciobarbus'' and ''

Messinobarbus ''Barbus carottae'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Barbus'' from Lake Yliki in Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of t ...

''), '' Carasobarbus'', '' Labeobarbus'', '' Aulopyge'' and '' Cyprinion''. They were thus placed in the subfamily Barbinae, which is quite paraphyletic however and thus here merged with the Cyprininae at least for the largest part (including the marinkas), becoming its junior synonym in the process.

Species

There are currently 65 recognized species in this genus: * '' Schizothorax argentatus'' Kessler, 1874 (Balkhash marinka) * '' Schizothorax beipanensis'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax biddulphi'' Günther, 1876 * '' Schizothorax chivae'' Arunkumar & Alphonsa Moyon, 2016Arunkumar, L. & Alphonsa Moyon, W. (2016): ''Schizothorax chivae'', a new schizothoracid fish from Chindwin basin, Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 3 (2): 65-70.'' * '' Schizothorax chongi'' ( P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax cryptolepis'' T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1984 * '' Schizothorax curvifrons'' Heckel, 1838 (Sattar snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax curvilabiatus'' (Wu & Tsao, 1992) * ''

Schizothorax davidi ''Schizothorax davidi'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a sin ...

'' (

Sauvage Sauvage, French for "savage" may refer to: ; as a surname: * Catherine Sauvage (1929–1998), a French singer and actress * Cyrille Sauvage (born 1973), a French racing driver * Frédéric Sauvage (1786–1857), a French boat builder who carried ...

, 1880) * '' Schizothorax dolichonema'' Herzenstein, 1889 * '' Schizothorax dulongensis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax edeniana'' McClelland, 1842 * ''

Schizothorax elongatus ''Schizothorax elongatus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' from Yingjiang County in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic o ...

'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax esocinus'' Heckel, 1838 (Chirruh snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax eurystomus'' Kessler, 1872 * '' Schizothorax gongshanensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * ''

Schizothorax grahami ''Schizothorax grahami'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax''. It is endemic to Lake Dianchi, its tributaries and connected springs, in Yunnan Province, China. The species has not been caught in the lake in the past 20 ye ...

'' (

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri' ...

, 1904) * '' Schizothorax griseus'' Pellegrin, 1931 * '' Schizothorax heteri'' J. Yang, L. P. Zheng, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013Yang, J., Zheng, L.-P., Chen, X.-Y. & Yang, J.-X. (2013)
Description of two new species and revision of ''Schizothorax'' distributed in the Irrawaddy drainage area in China.
''Zoological Research, 34 (4): 361-367.'' * '' Schizothorax heterochilus'' M. R. Ye & T. Y. Fu, 1986 * '' Schizothorax heterophysallidos'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * ''

Schizothorax huegelii ''Schizothorax huegelii'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Schizothorax'' which is found in Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir may refer to: * Kashmir, the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent * Jammu and K ...

'' Heckel, 1838 * '' Schizothorax integrilabiatus'' (Wu et al., 1992) * '' Schizothorax kozlovi'' A. M. Nikolskii, 1903 * ''

Schizothorax kumaonensis The Kumaon snowtrout (''Schizothorax kumaonensis'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax''. The Latin specific epithet ''kumaonensis'' refers to Kumaon (a former kingdom) in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand ( , or ; , ), al ...

'' Menon, 1971 (Kumaon snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax labiatus'' ( McClelland, 1842) (Kunar snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax labrosus'' Y. H. Wang, D. D. Zhuang & L. C. Gao, 1981 * '' Schizothorax lantsangensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * ''

Schizothorax lepidothorax ''Schizothorax lepidothorax'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The species is only known from Fuxian Lake in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of th ...

'' J. X. Yang, 1991 * '' Schizothorax leukus'' J. Yang, L. P. Zheng, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013 * ''

Schizothorax lissolabiatus ''Schizothorax lissolabiatus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' It is found in the upper reaches of the Mekong River, Black River and Pearl River in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, pr ...

'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * ''

Schizothorax longibarbus ''Schizothorax longibarbus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a ...

'' ( P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax macrophthalmus''

Terashima Terashima (written: 寺島 or 寺嶋; sometimes read Terajima) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Kazuya Terashima a.k.a. Izumi Matsumoto (born 1958), Japanese manga artist * Manji Terashima (1898–1983), Japanese ...

, 1984 (Nepalese snowtrout) * ''

Schizothorax macropogon ''Schizothorax macropogon'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Schizothorax'' which is known only from the upper Brahmaputra River in Tibet. References Schizothorax Fish described in 1905 {{Schizothorax-stub ...

, 1905 * '' Schizothorax malacanthus'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * ''

Schizothorax meridionalis ''Schizothorax meridionalis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax''. It occurs in the Longchuan River and Daying River drainages in Yunnan, tributaries of the Irrawaddy River. References

Schizothorax Fish descri ...

'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax microcephalus'' F. Day, 1877 * '' Schizothorax microstomus'' S. Y. Huang, 1982 * '' Schizothorax molesworthi'' ( B. L. Chaudhuri, 1913) (Blunt-nosed snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax myzostomus'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * ''

Schizothorax nasus The Dongu snowtrout (''Schizothorax nasus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, ...

'' Heckel, 1838 (Dongu snowtrout) * ''

Schizothorax nepalensis ''Schizothorax nepalensis'' is a cyprinid fish species of the genus ''Schizothorax''. It was first collected in 1979 in the alpine fresh water Rara Lake located in Nepal's Rara National Park Rara National Park is a protected area in the Himalay ...

, 1984 * '' Schizothorax ninglangensis'' Y. H. Wang, K. X. Zhang & D. D. Zhuang, 1981 * '' Schizothorax nudiventris'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax nukiangensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax oconnori''

Lloyd Lloyd, Lloyd's, or Lloyds may refer to: People * Lloyd (name), a variation of the Welsh word ' or ', which means "grey" or "brown" ** List of people with given name Lloyd ** List of people with surname Lloyd * Lloyd (singer) (born 1986), American ...

, 1908 * '' Schizothorax oligolepis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * ''

Schizothorax parvus ''Schizothorax parvus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' from Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province s ...

'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax pelzami'' Kessler, 1870 (Transcaspian marinka) * ''

Schizothorax plagiostomus ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax''. ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' locally known as ''khont, snow trout, snow carp, snow barbel and Swati fish7. Arif Jan., Rab, A., Ullah, R, Haroon, and Ull ...

'' Heckel, 1838 * ''

Schizothorax prenanti ''Schizothorax prenanti'', also known as Ya-fish, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central ...

'' ( T. L. Tchang, 1930) * '' Schizothorax progastus'' ( McClelland, 1839) (Dinnawah snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax prophylax'' Pietschmann, 1933 (Eğirdir marinka) * '' Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 (Ili marinka) * '' Schizothorax ramzani'' ( Javed,

Ullah {{Refimprove, date=December 2009 Ullah is an Islamic name, which means "of Allah" or "of The God". Ullah is the form assumed by "Allah" when in a genitive construction. For instance, in classical Arabic when case ending vowels were still pr ...

& Pervaiz, 2012)Javed, M.N., Azizullah & Pervaiz, K. (2012)
''Racoma ramzani'', A New Snow Carp (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) From Pakistan.
''Biologia (Pakistan), 58 (1-2): 175-178.'' * '' Schizothorax raraensis''

, 1984 (Rara snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax richardsonii'' ( J. E. Gray, 1832) (Common snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax rotundimaxillaris'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992 * †'' Schizothorax saltans''

, 1905 * '' Schizothorax sinensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 * '' Schizothorax skarduensis'' Mirza & A. A. Awan, 1978 * '' Schizothorax waltoni''

, 1905 * ''

Schizothorax wangchiachii ''Schizothorax wangchiachii'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Schizothorax'' from the upper parts of the Yangtze basin in China.Ye, S.; Li, Z.; Liu, J;, Zhang, T.; and Xie, S. (2011). ''Distribution, Endemism and Conservation St ...

'' ( P. W. Fang, 1936) * ''

Schizothorax yunnanensis ''Schizothorax yunnanensis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' which is found in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of Chi ...

'' Norman, 1923 * '' Schizothorax zarudnyi'' ( A. M. Nikolskii, 1897)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q310753 Cyprinidae genera Cyprinid fish of Asia