''Satyrium'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
orchid
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...
. The Kew plant list for 2010 listed 85 full
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
as accepted, ignoring synonyms, subspecies and hybrids etc. About ten were still unresolved at the time. Most of the species occur in
sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. These include West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the List of sov ...
and
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
. The ranges of four species extend to Asia, mainly in India and
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
.
Hybridization
Hybridization (or hybridisation) may refer to:
*Hybridization (biology), the process of combining different varieties of organisms to create a hybrid
*Orbital hybridization, in chemistry, the mixing of atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals
*Nu ...
occurs between several species, complicating
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
studies, especially those relying on
mitochondrial
A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is use ...
and
chloroplast
A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...
DNA sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...
s.
[Timotheüs van der Niet, and H. Peter Linder. 2008. "Dealing with incongruence in the quest for the species tree: A case study from the orchid genus ''Satyrium''". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 47(1):154-174. .]
The genus most closely related to ''Satyrium'' is presumed to be ''
Pachites
''Pachites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both endemic to South Africa.Hans Peter Linder and Hubert Kurzweil. 1999. ''Orchids of Southern Africa''. 504 pages. A. A. Balkema. .Kew ...
'', which together with ''Satyrium'' makes up the
subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plant ...
Satyriinae
Satyriinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Diseae.
See also
* Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae
The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized ei ...
of the
Diseae
Diseae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Orchidoideae.. (See ''External links'' below). It was recognized in ''Genera Orchidacearum'' volume 2, which was published in 2001. It consisted of 12 genera in five subtribes. In molecular phylogenet ...
. Historically other species with helmet-shaped flowers e.g. ''
Aceras'', ''
Chamorchis
''Chamorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Chamorchis alpina'', known as the false orchid or false musk orchid, and found in subarctic and subalpine parts of Europe: Sc ...
'' and ''
Platanthera
The genus ''Platanthera'' belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae of the family Orchidaceae, and comprises about 150 species of orchids. The members of this genus, known as the butterfly orchids or fringed orchids, were previously included in the ...
'', often were included in the genus ''Satyrium'', but far from belonging in the same genus, they no longer are included even within the Satyriinae, but within the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
Orchideae
Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily Orchidoideae. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about 1,800 species. However, although some phylogenetic studies hav ...
. In a 2015 classification of Orchidaceae, ''Satyrium'' itself was placed in the subtribe
Orchidinae
Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily Orchidoideae. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about 1,800 species. However, although some phylogenetic studies hav ...
.
Currently accepted species of ''Satyrium''
*''
Satyrium aberrans
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium aciculare
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
van der Niet & P.J.Cribb
*''
Satyrium acuminatum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium aethiopicum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium afromontanum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
la Croix & P.J.Cribb
*''
Satyrium amblyosaccos
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium amoenum''
(Thouars) A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium anomalum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium baronii''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium bicallosum''
Thunb.
*''
Satyrium bicorne''
(L.) Thunb.
*''
Satyrium brachypetalum''
A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium bracteatum''
(L.f.) Thunb.
*''
Satyrium breve
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium buchananii''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium candidum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium carneum
''Satyrium carneum'' is a species of orchid endemic to southwestern Western Cape. It is also known by the names pink satyr orchid, rooikappie, or rooitrewwa.
Description
It is a robust terrestrial that grows from 370mm to 710mm tall. Leaves ar ...
''
(Dryand.) Sims
*''
Satyrium carsonii''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium chlorocorys''
Rchb.f. ex Rolfe
*''
Satyrium compactum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium comptum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium confusum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium coriifolium
''Satyrium coriifolium'' is a species of orchid endemic to the Cape Provinces. It is commonly known as the orange satyre or Ewwa-trewwa in Afrikaans.
Description
''Satyrium coriifolium'' is brightly coloured, with yellow or orange-red flowers. ...
''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium coriophoroides''
A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium crassicaule''
Rendle
*''
Satyrium cristatum''
Sond.
*''
Satyrium ecalcaratum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium elongatum''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium erectum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium fimbriatum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium flavum''
la Croix
*''
Satyrium foliosum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium hallackii''
Bolus
*''
Satyrium humile''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium johnsonii''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium kermesinum''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium kitimboense
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium ligulatum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium longicauda''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium longicolle''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium lupulinum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium macrophyllum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium mechowii''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium membranaceum
''Satyrium membranaceum'' is a species of ground orchid endemic to south and western Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope ( af, Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as the Cape Province ( af, Kaapprovinsie) a ...
''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium microcorys''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium microrrhynchum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium mirum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium miserum''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium monadenum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium monophyllum''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium muticum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium neglectum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium neilgherrensis''
Fyson
*''
Satyrium nepalense''
D.Don
*''
Satyrium odorum
''Satyrium odorum'' is a species of orchid endemic to southwestern Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope ( af, Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as the Cape Province ( af, Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as ...
''
Sond.
*''
Satyrium oliganthum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium orbiculare
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium outeniquense''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium pallens''
S.D.Johnson & Kurzweil
*''
Satyrium paludosum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium parviflorum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium perrieri''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium princeae''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium princeps''
Bolus
*''
Satyrium pulchrum''
S.D.Johnson & Kurzweil
*''
Satyrium pumilum''
Thunb.
*''
Satyrium pygmaeum''
Sond.
*''
Satyrium retusum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium rhynchanthoides''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium rhynchanthum''
Bolus
*''
Satyrium riparium''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium robustum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium rostratum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium rupestre''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium sceptrum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium schimperi''
Hochst. ex A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium shirense''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium sphaeranthum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium sphaerocarpum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium stenopetalum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium striatum''
Thunb.
*''
Satyrium trinerve''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium volkensii''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium welwitschii''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium yunnanense''
Rolfe
References
External links
*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q646860
Orchideae genera