Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic

titular church In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary de ...

and

minor basilica In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular ...

in Rome, named for the martyr

Saint Eustace Saint Eustace (Latinized Eustachius or Eustathius, Greek Εὐστάθιος Πλακίδας ''Eustathios Plakidas'') is revered as a Christian martyr. According to legend, he was martyred in AD 118, at the command of emperor Hadrian. Eusta ...

. It is located on Via di Sant'Eustachio in the rione Sant'Eustachio, a block west of the

Pantheon Pantheon may refer to: * Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building Arts and entertainment Comics *Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization * ''Pantheon'' (Lone St ...

and via della Rotonda, and a block east of

Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza (''lit.'' 'Saint Ivo at the Sapienza (University of Rome)') is a Roman Catholic church in Rome. Built in 1642–1660 by the architect Francesco Borromini, the church is widely regarded a masterpiece of Roman Baroque archite ...

and the Via della Dogana Vecchia.

History

A church at the site was founded by the 8th century. The church was recorded as a ''diaconia'' (a centre for helping the poor and the sick) at the end of the pontificate of

Pope Gregory II Pope Gregory II ( la, Gregorius II; 669 – 11 February 731) was the bishop of Rome from 19 May 715 to his death.

(715-731). It is mentioned in some documents dating from the 10th and 11th centuries, where this church is called ''in platana'' (between the

plane trees ''Platanus'' is a genus consisting of a small number of tree species native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are the sole living members of the family Platanaceae. All mature members of ''Platanus'' are tall, reaching in height. All except f ...

) referring to the tree planted in the garden of the martyr Eustace. However, tradition holds that the emperor

Constantine I Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to Constantine the Great and Christianity, convert to Christiani ...

had previously built an oratory here. This church was called "ad Pantheon in regione nona e iuxta templum Agrippae" (at the Pantheon in the ninth ''rione'' and next to the temple of Agrippa"). The church was restored and had a new

campanile A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

added at the end of the 12th century during the pontificate of

Celestine III Pope Celestine III ( la, Caelestinus III; c. 1106 – 8 January 1198), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 March or 10 April 1191 to his death in 1198. He had a tense relationship with several monarchs, ...

(1191–1198), who also deposited the putative relics of Eustace and his family in the church. In the 16th century, it was a favored praying-place for St

Philip Neri Philip Romolo Neri ( ; it, italics=no, Filippo Romolo Neri, ; 22 July 151526 May 1595), known as the "Second Apostle of Rome", after Saint Peter, was an Italian priest noted for founding a society of secular clergy called the Congregation of th ...

. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was almost completely rebuilt, with only the campanile remaining from the old structure. The new design, in the Roman

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

style, was produced by several architects : Cesare Corvara and Giovanni Battista Contini (1641–1723), who added chapels and the

portico A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cult ...

, Antonio Canevari (1681–1750),

Nicola Salvi Nicola Salvi or Niccolò Salvi (6 August 1697 (Rome) – 8 February 1751 (Rome)) was an Italian architect; among his few projects completed is the famous Trevi fountain in Rome, Italy. Biography Admitted to the Roman Academy of Arcadia in 1717, ...

(1697–1751) and finally, from 1728, Giovanni Domenico Navone. The new high altar, in bronze and

polychrome Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery or sculpture in multiple colors. Ancient Egypt Colossal statu ...

marble, was added by Nicola Salvi in 1739 and in 1749

Ferdinando Fuga Ferdinando Fuga (11 November 1699 – 7 February 1782) was an Italian architect who was born in Florence, and is known for his work in Rome and Naples. Much of his early work was in Rome, notably, the Palazzo della Consulta (1732–7) at the Quiri ...

put a

baldachin A baldachin, or baldaquin (from it, baldacchino), is a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over h ...

over it. The choir and the sacristy were designed by Canevari and built by Giovanni Moscati. The church was elevated to

status in 1918.

Facade

The facade was built under the direction of Cesare Corvara († 1703) with the collaboration of other architects. It consists of two sections, with the upper section standing back. The lower part is marked with four

pilaster In classical architecture Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes even more specifically, from the ...

s and two columns, all with Ionic

capitals Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...

with in the middle of each capital a small head of a deer. The spirals of the

volute A volute is a spiral, scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite column capitals. Four are normally to be found on an Ion ...

s are connected by a small

laurel wreath A laurel wreath is a round wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel (), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen, or later from spineless butcher's broom (''Ruscus hypoglossum'') or cherry laurel (''Prunus laurocerasus''). It is a sy ...

. On the right side of the facade a plaque was placed in memory of the flood of the

Tiber River The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by the Riv ...

in 1495, whose waters reached up to the basilica. The top section is divided by four pilasters with on each side a large volute. In the middle is a large window with an arcuated cornice, flanked on each side by a niche adorned with shells. On top is a triangular

pediment Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. Pediments can contain an overdoor and are usually topped by hood moulds. A pedimen ...

with in its middle a circular window surrounded with palm branches and surmounted by a crown. On top of the pediment stands a deer head with a cross between the antlers (done by the sculptor Paolo Morelli († 1719), in reference to the legend of Saint Eustace. An iron gate, made by Gian Battista Contini, closes off the porch. The square Romanesque

is situated on the back of the church at its left side. Construction was started in 1196 under the pontificate of Pope Celestine III. The top part can be dated back to the end of the 12th century, while the base is somewhat older and can be dated at ca. 1090.

Interior

The interior has a cruciform architectural plan and consists of a single

nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...

. Its construction was carried out in mature

Baroque style The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

under the supervision of the architects

Cesare Corvara Cesare, the Italian version of the given name Caesar, may refer to: Given name * Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria (1738–1794), an Italian philosopher and politician * Cesare Airaghi (1840–1896), Italian colonel * Cesare Arzelà (1847–1912), It ...

and

Antonio Canevari Antonio Canevari (Rome, 1681– Naples, 1764) was an Italian architect of the Rococo and Neoclassical periods. He trained with a poorly known architect by the name of Antonio Caleri, and began early work in Rome. Moved to Lisbon in 1725, and then ...

. The nave is marked on each side by three pilasters resting on a broad base. The pilasters are decked with

fluted Fluting may refer to: *Fluting (architecture) * Fluting (firearms) * Fluting (geology) * Fluting (glacial) *Fluting (paper) Arts, entertainment, and media *Fluting on the Hump ''Fluting on the Hump'' is the first album by avant-garde band Kin ...

white marble and surmounted by composite capitals. Sant'Eustachio (Rome) - Interior

The

rib vault A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space, such as a church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or diagonal arched ribs. Variations were used in Roman architecture, Byzantine architecture, Islamic ...

is stuccoed with flowers and leaves. The crossing is covered with a dome with a representation of the

Holy Spirit In Judaism, the Holy Spirit is the divine force, quality, and influence of God over the Universe or over his creatures. In Nicene Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is the third person of the Trinity. In Islam, the Holy Spirit acts as ...

in its middle. The main altar was commissioned by Cardinal Neri Corsini and designed by the architect Nicola Salvi. He made it into an elegant and refined synthesis of marble and gilded metal. The top of the altar rests on an urn in porphyry

rosso antico Rosso Antico ("Ancient red") is an aperitif produced in San Lazzaro di Savena, Italy. It is produced by the infusion of 32 herbs macerated in alcohol (including rosemary, thyme and sage) and then added to a mixture of 5 different types of wine. ...

, the costly stone of the ancients, that contains the putative relics of Saint Eustace. The altarpiece was painted in 1727 by

Francesco Ferdinandi Francesco Fernandi (1679–1740), also known as Imperiali, was an Italian painter of the late- Baroque or Rococo period. Biography Born in Milan, he initially apprenticed with the painter for the Borromeo family, Carlo Vimercati. After a spell in ...

(1679–1740), also named "l'Imperiali". It represents the martyrdom of Saint Eustace and his family who were roasted to death inside a bronze statue of a bull or an ox, in the year AD 118. The gilded wooden

(circa 1746) over the main altar is attributed to Ferdinando Fuga (1699–1781). The rear of the church is almost completely covered with the organ, made by Johann Conrad Werle in 1767. The gilded balustrade and the wooden front of the organ were executed in

Rococo Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...

style by Bernardino Mammucari, Francesco Michetti and Carlo Pacilli. Above the organ stands a glass window representing "the Penitent Magdalene", realized in the last decade of the 19th century by Gabriel and Louis Gesta di Tolosa. The

pulpit A pulpit is a raised stand for preachers in a Christian church. The origin of the word is the Latin ''pulpitum'' (platform or staging). The traditional pulpit is raised well above the surrounding floor for audibility and visibility, access ...

was executed in polychrome marble and dates from 1937.

Right side

* The Chapel of the

Holy Family The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph. The subject became popular in art from the 1490s on, but veneration of the Holy Family was formally begun in the 17th century by Saint François de Laval, the first ...

dates from 1854. The altarpiece by

Pietro Gagliardi Pietro Gagliardi (9 August 1809 – 19 September 1890) was an Italian painter and architect, who decorated many churches and palaces in Rome and throughout Italy. Biography Gagliardi was born in Rome on 9 August 1809 to Francesco (of Campania ...

(1809–1890) represent the Holy Family in Jerusalem. On the right wall is a white marble funeral monument with the bust of Luigi Greppi († 1673), an illustrious member of the Confraternity of the Holy Sacrament. On the left side of the altar stands a small statue of Saint

Raymond Nonnatus Raymond Nonnatus, O. de M. ( ca, Sant Ramon Nonat, es, San Ramón Nonato, french: Saint Raymond Nonnat, mt, San Rajmondo Nonnato), (1204 – 31 August 1240) is a saint from Catalonia in Spain. His nickname ( la, Nonnatus, "not born") refers to ...

, who, according to his

hagiography A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian hagiographies migh ...

, was nominated Cardinal-Deacon of Sant' Eustachio by pope

Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...

in 1239, but died en route to Rome. * The Chapel of the

Annunciation The Annunciation (from Latin '), also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord, is the Christian celebration of the biblical tale of the announcement by the ange ...

: its decoration was finished in 1874. Above the 17th-century altar stand two columns of coralline

breccia Breccia () is a rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix. The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means "rubble". A breccia may have a variety of di ...

that support a broken pediment with a bass-relief in stucco representing the Virgin and Child. The altarpiece by

Ottavio Leoni Ottavio Leoni (1578 – 1630) was an Italian painter and printmaker of the early-Baroque, active mainly in Rome. Life Ottavio Leoni (sometimes spelled 'Lioni'), draughtsman and engraver was in his day the most fashionable portraitist in Rome. H ...

(or Lioni) (1578–1630) represents the Annunciation. * The Chapel of the

Sacred Heart The Most Sacred Heart of Jesus ( la, Cor Jesu Sacratissimum) is one of the most widely practised and well-known Catholic devotions, wherein the heart of Jesus is viewed as a symbol of "God's boundless and passionate love for mankind". This devo ...

was restored between 1934 and 1937 by Corrado Mezzana (1890–1952), who also added the altarpiece representing the Sacred Heart of Jesus, on the left wall, the painting "The Last Supper" and on the right wall the painting "Christ on the Cross and

Saint Longinus Longinus () is the name given to the unnamed Roman soldier who pierced the side of Jesus with a lance and who in medieval and some modern Christian traditions is described as a convert to Christianity. His name first appeared in the apocryphal G ...

piercing his Heart". * The right transept contains the paintings made by

Jacopo Zoboli Jacopo Zoboli (23 May 1681 – 1767) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period. He was born at Modena about the year 1700. His first patron, Marquis Taddeo Rangone sent him to study first under Francesco Stringa, then to Bologna. He wen ...

(1682–1751) in 1737. On the left wall hangs the large painting of "

Saint Jerome Jerome (; la, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is comm ...

" and in front "The meeting between the Holy Virgin and Elisabeth". The large wooden

confessional A confessional is a box, cabinet, booth, or stall in which the priest in some Christian churches sits to hear the confessions of penitents. It is the usual venue for the sacrament in the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran Churches, but sim ...

s were made by Corrado Mezzana.

Left side

Baptistery In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French ''baptisterie''; Latin ''baptisterium''; Greek , 'bathing-place, baptistery', from , baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal ...

lies next to the entrance of the church. The glass window represents "The Baptism of Jesus". The baptismal font dates from the 16th century. * The Chapel of Saint Julian the Hospitaller was renovated from 1706. The altarpiece by

Biagio Puccini Biagio Puccini (1673–1721) was an Italian painter, active in his native Rome, but also in Tuscany, Umbria and the Marche in a late Baroque style. He was born in Rome. He trained with Antonio Gherardi, but was influenced by Giacinto Brandi, Gius ...

(1675–1721) shows the saint curing a leper and welcoming an old pilgrim. The fresco on the ceiling represents "The Eternal Father" * The Chapel of the

Archangel Michael Michael (; he, מִיכָאֵל, lit=Who is like El od, translit=Mīḵāʾēl; el, Μιχαήλ, translit=Mikhaḗl; la, Michahel; ar, ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل, translit=Mīkāʾīl, Mīkāl, Mīkhāʾīl), also ...

is the largest chapel of this church. It was finished between 1716 and 1719 by Alessandro Speroni. The altarpiece by Giovanni Bigatti (1774–1817) is a dramatic rendering of the ''Archangel Michael triumphing over Satan''. Next to the altar hang two paintings : ''St

'' and ''St

Frances of Rome Frances of Rome, Obl.S.B., ( it, Santa Francesca Romana, la, Sāncta Francisca Rōmāna) (1384 – March 9, 1440) is an Italian saint who was a wife, mother, mystic, organizer of charitable services and a Benedictine oblate who founded a relig ...

''. On the left wall is the funeral monument of Teresa Tognoli Canale (1807) and on the right wall the funeral monument by

Lorenzo Ottoni Lorenzo Ottoni, also known as Lorenzo Ottone or Lorenzone, (1658–1736) was an Italian sculptor who was commissioned by the papacy and various noble houses of Renaissance Italy. Life Ottoni was born in Rome in 1658 and spent the majority of h ...

(1658–1736) of Silvio Cavalleri († 1717), private secretary to the popes

Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII ( la, Innocentius XII; it, Innocenzo XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1691 to his death in September 1700. He ...

and

Clement XI Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

. * The Chapel of the

Immaculate Heart of Mary The Immaculate Heart of Mary () is a Roman Catholic devotional name used to refer to the Catholic view of the interior life of Mary, mother of Jesus, her joys and sorrows, her virtues and hidden perfections, and, above all, her virginal love ...

was renovated from 1771 on by the architect Melchiorre Passalacqua and around 1800 by the sculptor Agostino Penna. Next to the altar stand two marble columns in "verde antico" that support a tympanum with two angels in stucco. The oval painting of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is a copy made in 1848 from the original painting by

Giovanni Battista Casanova Giovanni Battista Casanova (; 2 November 1730 – 8 December 1795) was an Italian painter and printmaker of the Neoclassic period. He was a brother of Giacomo Casanova and Francesco Giuseppe Casanova and was born at Venice. He studied painti ...

. On the left wall hangs a painting by

Étienne de La Vallée Poussin Étienne de La Vallée Poussin (1735–1802), also called Delavallée-Poussin in certain biographies, was a French history painter and creator of interior decorative schemes. Life Related on his mother's side to the family of the great pai ...

(1774) representing "The Flight to Egypt". The painting on the right is "The Holy Family" (1774) by

Tommaso Conca Tommaso Maria Conca (1734–1822), was an Italian painter and draftsman, active mostly in Rome. Biography Tommaso Conca was born in Gaeta, one of the youngest of some eleven siblings, to Giovanni Conca and Anna Laura Scarsella di Castro. His ...

(† 1815). The fresco on the ceiling renders "The Annunciation". * The left transept contains the statue of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (second half of the 20th century). * The Chapel of the Crucifix contains the tomb of don

Pirro Scavizzi Pirro may refer to: An Albanian given name; derived from Greek "Pyrrhos" (Latinized as "Pyrrhus") (flame-coloured, red-haired). *Pirro Çako (born 1965), Albanian artist * Pirro Del Balzo (c. 1430-1491), Italian nobleman * Pirro Dodbiba (1925–20 ...

(1884–1964), the parish priest of this church between 1919 and 1932, whose

beatification Beatification (from Latin ''beatus'', "blessed" and ''facere'', "to make”) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their nam ...

is under consideration.

List of titulars (cardinal deacons)

The following were Cardinal Deacons of S. Eustachio: * ? Gregorio (1088–1099) * Gregorio, OSB (←1118–1137) * ? Gaymer (1130- prima del 1134) * ? Stefano (circa 1134-?) * Vassalo (1134–1142) * Astaldo degli Astalli (1143–1151) * Ildebrando Grassi,

Canonico Regolare Canonico or Canónico is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Benito Canónico (1894–1971), Venezuelan composer, musician, orchestrator, and teacher *Daniel Canónico (1916–1975), Venezuelan baseball player *Gerard Canonico G ...

(1152–1157) * Guido di Crema (1155 o 1157–1158) * Pietro di Miso (1158-1165?) * Ugo Ricasoli (1163?- circa 1182) * Stefano (1172–1173),

pseudocardinal Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Ch ...

Antipope An antipope ( la, antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. At times between the 3rd and mid- ...

Callixtus III Pope Callixtus III ( it, Callisto III, va, Calixt III, es, Calixto III; 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfonso de Borgia ( va, Alfons de Borja), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his ...

* Gianfelice (1188–1189) * Ugolino dei Conti di Segni (1198–1206) * Aldobrandino Gaetani (o Ildebrando) (1216–1219) * Rinaldo dei Signori di Ienne (1227–1234) * Robert Somercote (1231 or 1239–1251) * ''The claim that Ramón Nonnato held this titular church ca. 1240 has been disproved.''Agostino Paravicini-Bagliani, ''Cardinali di Curia e "familae" cardinalizia dal 1227 al 1254'' II (Padova 1972), pp. 534-535. *

Guglielmo Fieschi Guglielmo Fieschi was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Innocent IV, his uncle, who elevated him on May 28, 1244. He was born between 1210 and 1220 in Genoa, but nothing is known about his life before his elevation to the cardinala ...

(1244–1256) *

Uberto Coconati Uberto Coconati (Cocconato, de Coconatis) (died 13 July 1276), a Roman Catholic Cardinal, was born at Asti in the Piedmont region of Italy, a member of the family of the Counts of Cocconato, who were vassals of the Marchese di Monferrato. Thierry ...

(1261–1276) * Giordano Orsini (1278–1287) *

Pietro Colonna Pietro Colonna (born around 1260; died 14 January 1326) was an Italian cardinal. Biography Pietro came from the Roman aristocratic family of Colonna. He was brother of Sciarra Colonna and Stephen the Older, and nephew of Cardinal Giovanni Colon ...

(1288–1297) * Riccardo Petroni (1298–1314) *

Arnaud de Via Arnaud de Via (died 24 November 1335) was a French cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Arnaud's brother Jacques was also a cardinal and their mother was sister to pope John XXII. Life Born in Cahors, he became a protonotary apostolic, archd ...

(1317–1335), nephew of Pope

John XXII Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by ...

* Giovanni Visconti (1329), pseudocardinal of

Antipope Nicholas V Nicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci (c. 125816 October 1333) was an antipope in Italy from 12 May 1328 to 25 July 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII (1316–1334) at Avignon. He was the last antipope set up by a Holy Roman Emperor. ...

* Bernard de la Tour (1342–1361) * Pierre Flandrin (1371–1381) *

Francesco Renzio Francesco, the Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis", is the most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name include: People with the given name Francesco * Francesco I (disambiguation), sever ...

(1381–1390) *

Baldassare Cossa Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes as ...

(1402–1410) *

Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz (died 1434) was a Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of anci ...

(1408–1418), pseudocardinal of

Antipope Benedict XIII Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman who, as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope (see Western Schism) by the Catholic Church ...

(1419–1423) * Giacomo Isolani (1413–1417), pseudocardinal of Antipope John XXIII (1417-1420?) * Vacant (1423–1439) * Alberto Alberti (1439–1445) * Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña (or Acuña de Carrillo) (1440), pseudocardinal of

Antipope Felix V Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. He was a claimant to the papac ...

, declined the appointment *

Giacomo del Portogallo James of Portugal (17 September 1433 – 27 August 1459), also known as James of Coimbra, James of Lusitania, was a Portuguese '' infante'' (prince) of the House of Aviz, and a bishop and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. James was the 3rd ...

(1456–1459) * Francesco Nanni-Todeschini-Piccolomini (1460–1503) * Alessandro Farnese (1503–1519); in commendam (1519–1534) *

Paolo Emilio Cesi Paolo Emilio Cesi (1481–1537) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal."Paolo ...

(1534–1537) *

Agostino Trivulzio Agostino Trivulzio (c. 1485–1548) was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from a noble family in Milan, the eighth child of Giovanni Trivulzio di Borgomanero, a Councillor of the Dukes of Milan, and Angela (or Agnolina, or Anna) Marti ...

(1537) *

Cristoforo Giacobazzi Cristoforo Giacobazzi (died 1540) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Giacobazzi was born in Rome, the son of Jacomo Giacobazzi and Camilla de Astallis. He was the nephew of Cardinal Domenico Giacobazzi, who took respon ...

(1537–1540) * Guidascanio Sforza (1540–1552) *

Niccolò Caetani Niccolò Caetani di Sermoneta (1526–1585) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. Biography Niccolò Caetani was born in Rome on 23 February 1526, the son of Camillo Caetani, 3rd duke of Sermoneta, a cousin of Pope Paul III, an ...

(1552–1585) * Ferdinando de' Medici (1585–1587) *

Filippo Guastavillani Filippo Guastavillani (September 28, 1541 – August 17, 1587) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography Filippo Guastavillani was born in Bologna on September 28, 1541, the son of Bolognese patricians Angelo Michele Guastavillani and G ...

(1587) *

Alessandro Damasceni Peretti Alessandro Damasceni Peretti di Montalto (1571 – 2 June 1623) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal Bishop. He received the title by his uncle Felice Peretti after the latter was elected Pope Sixtus V on 24 April 1585, in the consistory on 13 Ma ...

(1587–1589) * Giorlamo Mattei (1589–1592) *

Guido Pepoli Guido Pepoli (May 6, 1560 – June 1599) was an Italian cardinal. He was ordained by Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V ( it, Sisto V; 13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Piergentile, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal ...

(1592–1595) *

Odoardo Farnese Odoardo Farnese (28 April 1612 – 11 September 1646), also known as Odoardo I Farnese to distinguish him from his grandson Odoardo II Farnese, was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1622 to 1646. Biography Odoardo was the eldest legit ...

(1595–1617) *

Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto Andrea Baroni Peretti (1572–1629) was a Catholic cardinal. Biography On 30 November 1624, he was consecrated bishop by Sebastiano Poggi, Bishop Emeritus of Ripatransone, with Lorenzo Azzolini, Bishop of Ripatransone, and Aloysius Galli ...

(1617–1621) *

Alessandro d'Este Alessandro d'Este (1568–1624) was a Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' E ...

(1621) *

Maurizio di Savoia Maurice of Savoy (10 January 1593 – 4 October 1657, Turin) was a Prince of Savoy and a 17th-century cardinal. Life He was the son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain. Aged 14, in 1607, he became ...

(1621–1626) *

Francesco Boncompagni Francesco Boncompagni (21 January 1592 – 9 December 1641) was an Italian Cardinal, made cardinal in 1621. Born at Sora, son of Giacomo Boncompagni, duke of Sora and Acri, and Costanza Sforza di Santa Fiore. Grand-nephew of Pope Gregory XV. He wa ...

(1626–1634) * Ippolito Aldobrandini iuniore (1634–1637) *

Alessandro Cesarini (iuniore) Alessandro Cesarini, iuniore (1592 – 25 January 1644) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Eustachio (1638–1644), Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (1637–1638), Bishop of Viterbo e Tuscania (1636� ...

(1638–1644) *

Marzio Ginetti Marzio Ginetti (6 April 1585 – 1 March 1671) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal Vicar of Rome. Early life Ginetti was born in Velletri, the son of a labourer. He was sent to Rome at a very young age to be educated and tried to make ...

(1644) *

Carlo de' Medici Carlo di Cosimo de' Medici (1428 or 1430 – May 29, 1492) was an Italian priest. A member of the powerful Medici family, he became a senior clergyman and collector. Early life Born in Florence, he was the Legitimacy (family law), illegiti ...

(1644) *

Girolamo Colonna Girolamo Colonna (23 March 1604 – 4 September 1666) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and member of the noble Colonna family. Biography Colonna was born at Orsogna into the Colonna family and his extended family included m ...

(1644–1652) *

Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio Giovanni (Gian) Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio (1597 – 3 August 1656) was an Italian Cardinal who held several high functions in service of the Spanish Crown. Trivulzio was born and died in Milan, Duchy of Milan. He was the son of Carlo Emanuele ...

(1652–1653) *

Virginio Orsini Gentile Virginio Orsini (c. 1434 – 8 January 1497) was an Italian condottiero and vassal of the papal throne and the Kingdom of Naples, mainly remembered as the powerful head of the Orsini family during its feud with Pope Alexander VI (Rodri ...

(1653–1656) *

Vincenzo Costaguti Vincenzo Costaguti (1612 – 6 December 1660) was an Italian people, Italian Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal. Early life Costaguti was born in 1612 in Rome to the Costaguti; Republic of Genoa, Genoese Italian ...

(1656–1660) *

Lorenzo Raggi Lorenzo Raggi (1615 – 14 January 1687) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Early life Raggi was born in 1615 in Genoa. He was the nephew of Cardinal Ottaviano Raggi; elevated in 1641 by Pope Urban VIII. He was educated in Rome and received a ...

(1660–1664) *

Carlo Pio di Savoia the younger Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to: *Carlo (name) *Monte Carlo *Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia *A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince Char ...

(1664–1667) * Friedrich Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt (1667–1668) * Decio Azzolino iuniore (1668–1681) * Felice Rospigliosi (1682–1685) *

Domenico Maria Corsi Domenico Maria Corsi (1633 – 6 November 1697) was a Catholic cardinal who served as Bishop of Rimini from 1687 to his death, and as Legate (i.e. Governor) of Romagna from 1687 to 1693. Life Domenico Maria Corsi was born in Florence in 1633 t ...

(1686–1696) *

Vincenzo Grimani Vincenzo Grimani (15 May 1652 or 26 May 1655 – 26 September 1710) was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and opera librettist. Biography Grimani was born either in Venice or Mantua. He is best remembered for having supplied the libretto for Ge ...

(1698–1710) *

Annibale Albani Annibale Albani (15 August 1682 – 21 September 1751) was an Italian Cardinal. Biography Annibale Albani was born in Urbino as a member of the Albani family, of Albanian-Italian origin. His parents were Orazio Albani, brother of Pope Clement XI ...

(1712–1716) * Curzio Origo (1716–1726); titolo pro illa vice (1726–1737) *

Neri Maria Corsini Neri Maria Corsini (19 May 1685 – 6 December 1770) was an Italian nobleman and Catholic priest and cardinal. Life Born in Florence, Corsini was the second of the two sons of Filippo Corsini and Lucrezia Rinuccini. He traveled widely throug ...

(1737–1770) *

Giovanni Costanzio Caracciolo Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...

(1770–1780) *

Pasquale Acquaviva d'Aragona Pasquale is a masculine Italian given name and a surname mainly found in southern Italy. It is a cognate of the French name Pascal, the Spanish Pascual, the Portuguese Pascoal and the Catalan Pasqual. Pasquale derives from the Latin ''pasch ...

(1780–1788) *

Vincenzo Maria Altieri Vincenzo Maria Altieri (1724–1800) was an Italian people, Italian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal from 1777 to 1800. He belonged to the Altieri family, one of the noble families of Rome. Biography Vincenzo Mar ...

(1788–1794) *

Filippo Carandini Filippo Carandini (6 September 1729 - 28 August 1810) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography He was born in Pesaro to the aristocratic Carandini family. He was elevated to Cardinal in January 1787. He participated in the Papal Conclave ...

(1794–1810) * Vacant (1810–1816) * Alessandro Lante Montefeltro Della Rovere (1816–1818) *

Giuseppe Albani Giuseppe (Andrea) Albani (13 September 1750 – 3 December 1834) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. He played an important role in the elections of Leo XII, Pius VIII and Gregory XVI. Biography Albani was born in Rome into a noble fami ...

(1818–1828) * Vacant (1828–1832) * Luigi Gazzoli (1832–1857) *

Teodolfo Mertel Teodolfo Mertel (9 February 1806 – 11 July 1899) was a lawyer, deacon, and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the last cardinal not to have been ordained at least a priest. Life He was born in the town of Allumiere, in the Province ...

(1858–1881) *

Angelo Jacobini Angelo Jacobini (25 April 1825 – 3 March 1886) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his entire career in the Roman Curia. He was made a cardinal in 1882. Biography Angelo Maria Jacobini was born in Genzano on 25 April 1825. ...

(1882–1886) *

Luigi Trombetta Luigi Trombetta (3 February 1820 – 17 January 1900) was an Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or ...

(1899–1900) * Vacant (1900–1914) *

Michele Lega Michele Lega S.T.D. J.U.D. (1 January 1860 – 16 December 1935) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation for the Discipline of Sacraments. Early life and priesthood Michele Lega was born on 1 J ...

(1914–1924); titolo pro illa vice (1924–1926) *

Carlo Perosi Carlo Perosi (18 December 1868 – 22 February 1930) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation from 1928 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 19 ...

(1926–1930) * Vacant (1930–1946) * Giuseppe Bruno (1946–1954) * Vacant (1954–1958) *

Fernando Cento Fernando Cento (10 August 1883 – 13 January 1973) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary. Early life Fernando Cento was born in Pollenza, Italy. His parents were Evaristo Cento and ...

, titolo pro illa vice (1958–1965) * Francis John Brennan (1967–1968) *

Giacomo Violardo Giacomo Violardo (10 May 1898 – 17 March 1978) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments in the Roman Curia from 1965 to 1969, and was elevate ...

(1969–1978) * Vacant (1978–1991) * Guido Del Mestri (1991–1993) * Vacant (1993–2001) *

Sergio Sebastiani Sergio Sebastiani (born 11 April 1931) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who was head of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See from 1997 to 2008. He was made a cardinal in 2001. From 1960 to 1994 he worked in the di ...

(2001- )

Notes

Sources

Richard Krautheimer Richard Krautheimer (6 July 1897 in Fürth (Franconia), Germany – 1 November 1994 in Rome, Italy) was a 20th-century art historian, architectural historian, Baroque scholar, and Byzantinist. Biography Krautheimer was born in Germany in 1897, th ...

, ''Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome (IV-IX Cent.)'' (Roma: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1937), pp. 213–218. * Antonio Menegaldo & Vincenzo Francia, ''Basilica di Sant' Eustachio in Campo Marzio'' (in Italian) - booklet on sale in the church * Carla Appetiti, ''S. Eustachio'' (Roma: Edizioni "Roma", 1964). * Pasquale Adinolfi, ''Rione Campo Marzo, Rione S. Eustachio'' (Firenze: Le Lettere, 1983) oma nell'età di mezzo / Pasquale Adinolfi, 4

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Eustachio, Sant' Basilica churches in Rome Titular churches 8th-century churches in Italy 17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy 18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy Churches of Rome (rione Sant'Eustachio)