Samuel Sanders Teulon (2 March 1812 – 2 May 1873) was an English Gothic Revival architect, noted for his use of polychrome brickwork and the complex planning of his buildings.

Family

Teulon was born in 1812 in

Greenwich Greenwich ( , ,) is a town in south-east London, England, within the ceremonial county of Greater London. It is situated east-southeast of Charing Cross. Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwic ...

Kent Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...

, the son of a cabinet-maker from a French

Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bez ...

family. His younger brother William Milford Teulon (1823–1900) also became an architect.

Career

He was articled to George Legg, and later worked as an assistant to the Bermondsey-based architect

George Porter George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002) was a British chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967. Education and early life Porter was born in Stainforth, near Thorne, in the then We ...

. He also studied in the drawing schools of the Royal Academy. He set up his own independent practice in 1838, and in 1840 won the competition to design some almshouses for the Dyers' Company at Ball's Pond, Islington. After this his practice expanded rapidly. During the next few years his works mainly consisted of parish schools, parsonages and similar buildings, mostly in the

Home Counties The home counties are the counties of England that surround London. The counties are not precisely defined but Buckinghamshire and Surrey are usually included in definitions and Berkshire, Essex, Hertfordshire and Kent are also often inclu ...

. He was a friend of

George Gilbert Scott Sir George Gilbert Scott (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he starte ...

and became a member of the Council of the

Royal Institute of British Architects The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its royal charter granted in 1837, three suppl ...

on 6 January 1835. Between 1841 and 1842 he undertook a long study tour of continental Europe with

Ewan Christian Ewan Christian (1814–1895) was a British architect. He is most frequently noted for the restorations of Southwell Minster and Carlisle Cathedral, and the design of the National Portrait Gallery. He was Architect to the Ecclesiastical Commis ...

who remained a lifelong friend and became his executor. Also in company during the tour was Horace Jones who was later knighted and became architect to the Corporation of the City of London and Hayter Lewis, later Professor of Architecture at

University College, London , mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £143 million (2020) , budget = ...

. He built his first church, the Early English-style St Paul, Bermondsey, in 1846. Soon after this he designed St Stephen, Southwark, a building adapted to its square site by being planned in the form of a

Greek cross The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a '' crucifix'' and the figure is often referred to as the ''corpus'' ( ...

, with the recessed angles filled in by the tower, vestry, chancel aisles. Teulon's religious views were Low Church, and his patrons were predominantly members of established aristocratic families who shared his outlook. In 1848 he received a commission from the 7th Duke of Bedford to design cottages for the Thorney estate, and the next year he built Tortworth Court, Gloucestershire, a substantial mansion in a kind of Neo-Tudor style, with a large central tower, for the Earl of Ducie. Other clients included John Sumner, archbishop of Canterbury, who commissioned Christ Church in Croydon; the Duke of Marlborough, for whom he refitted the chapel at Blenheim Palace in 1857-9; the 10th Duke of St Albans and

Prince Albert Prince Albert most commonly refers to: *Albert, Prince Consort (1819–1861), consort of Queen Victoria *Albert II, Prince of Monaco (born 1958), present head of state of Monaco Prince Albert may also refer to: Royalty * Albert I of Belgium ...

. His work included the remodelling of several unfashionable 18th-century churches to suit contemporary tastes. Archibald Tait, the Bishop of London, praised his alterations at St. Mary's, Ealing, as "the transformation of a Georgian monstrosity into the semblance of a Byzantine Basilica". As well as Gothic Revival churches, he designed several country houses and even complete villages, as he did at Hunstanworth in County Durham in 1863.

Style

Despite his classical training, Teulon's early designs were mostly in imitation of Tudor and Elizabethan styles, and he soon became an enthusiastic follower of the latest developments of the Gothic Revival. He was an enthusiastic user of Polychrome brickwork. His planning was often elaborate: Henry-Russell Hitchcock called his mansion at Elvetham Park in

Hampshire Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial county, ceremonial and non-metropolitan county, non-metropolitan counties of England, county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English citi ...

"so complex in its composition and so varied in its detailing that it quite defies description". Some of his later work was, however, more restrained: for instance at St Stephen's Church, Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead, (1869–76) the exterior is of purple-brown brick, of subtly varied tones with light stone trimming. The massing of the building is also simpler than in his earlier designs.

Death

For the last 20 years of his life until his death on 2 May 1873, Teulon lived in one of four Georgian mansions on Hampstead Green which were demolished at the start of the twentieth century to make way for Hampstead General Hospital, which was itself demolished in the 1970s and replaced by The Royal Free Hospital. Opposite his home he designed St Stephen's Church, Rosslyn Hill. He is buried on the west side of

Highgate Cemetery Highgate Cemetery is a place of burial in north London, England. There are approximately 170,000 people buried in around 53,000 graves across the West and East Cemeteries. Highgate Cemetery is notable both for some of the people buried there as ...

, not far from the family vault of his former neighbour on Hampstead Green,

Rowland Hill Sir Rowland Hill, KCB, FRS (3 December 1795 – 27 August 1879) was an English teacher, inventor and social reformer. He campaigned for a comprehensive reform of the postal system, based on the concept of Uniform Penny Post and his sol ...

. His great great great nephew, Alan Teulon, published a book on S.S. Teulon in 2009. He was survived by four sons and four daughters.

Works

*St James's Vicarage, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire; additional wing 1844 (now demolished) *St Mary's Rectory, North Creake, Norfolk; 1845 *

Holkham Hall Holkham Hall ( or ) is an 18th-century country house near the village of Holkham, Norfolk, England, constructed in the Neo-Palladian style for the 1st Earl of Leicester,The Earldom of Leicester has been, to date, created seven times. Thomas ...

, Norfolk, porch 1847 *St Paul's Parish Church, Bermondsey; 1848 (demolished 1961) *All Saints' Parish Church, Icklesham, East Sussex; restoration 1848–49 *Church of the Holy Spirit, Rye Harbour, East Sussex; 1848–49 *Owlpen House, Owlpen, Gloucestershire; 1848 (demolished 1955-6, apart from the stables and lodge) * Thorney Model Village,

Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs.) is a Counties of England, county in the East of England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the north-east, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and North ...

; from 1848 *St Mary's Parish Church, Pakenham, Suffolk; alterations 1849 *Queen's Terrace, Windsor, Berkshire; 1849 *St Paul's Church, Sandgate, Kent; 1849 *St Peter's Church, Great Birch,

Essex Essex () is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and G ...

; 1849–50 * Tortworth Court, Tortworth, Gloucestershire; 1849–52 *St John's Parish Church, Rushford, Norfolk; restoration c.1850 *St Mary's Parish Church, Benwick, Cambridgeshire; 1850 (now demolished) *St Mary's Parsonage, Grendon, Northamptonshire; 1850 *St Mary's Church, Riseholme, Lincolnshire 1851 *St John's Parish Church, Kingscote, Gloucestershire; restoration 1851 *Christ Church,

Croydon Croydon is a large town in south London, England, south of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Croydon, a local government district of Greater London. It is one of the largest commercial districts in Greater London, with an extens ...

, Surrey; 1851–1852 (largely destroyed 1985) * Holy Trinity Parish Church,

Hastings Hastings () is a large seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England, east to the county town of Lewes and south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place to the north-west a ...

, East Sussex; rebuilding 1851–59 *St Andrew's Parish Church, Brettenham, Norfolk; restorations and remodelling 1852 *

St James' Church, Edgbaston St James is a former parish church in the Church of England in Edgbaston, Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United K ...

, Birmingham; 1852 * St Margaret's Parish Church,

Angmering Angmering is a village and civil parish between Littlehampton and Worthing in West Sussex on the southern edge of the South Downs National Park, England; about two-thirds of the parish (mostly north of the A27 road) fall within the Park. It ...

, West Sussex; restoration 1852–53 * St John's Church, Ladywood, Birmingham; 1852–54 *Estate cottages, Windsor, Berkshire; 1853 *St Andrew's Church, Watford; 1853-57 *School in Oxford Road,

Woodstock Woodstock Music and Art Fair, commonly referred to as Woodstock, was a music festival held during August 15–18, 1969, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm in Bethel, New York, United States, southwest of the town of Woodstock, New York, Woodstock. ...

, Oxfordshire; 1854 *A cottage, Tortworth, Gloucestershire; 1854 *

Sandringham House Sandringham House is a country house in the parish of Sandringham, Norfolk, England. It is one of the royal residences of Charles III, whose grandfather, George VI, and great-grandfather, George V, both died there. The house stands in a estat ...

, Norfolk, porch and conservatory 1854 *

Cholmondeley Castle Cholmondeley Castle ( ) is a country house in the civil parish of Cholmondeley, Cheshire, England. Together with its adjacent formal gardens, it is surrounded by parkland. The site of the house has been a seat of the Cholmondeley family since ...

, Cheshire; alterations 1854 *Schoolmaster's house and chapel, Curridge, Berkshire; 1854–55 *Christ Church Parish Church, Fosbury, Wiltshire; 1854–56 *St Andrew's Parish Church,

Lambeth Lambeth () is a district in South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth, historically in the County of Surrey. It is situated south of Charing Cross. The population of the London Borough of Lambeth was 303,086 in 2011. The area ex ...

, London; 1855 *St Mary's Vicarage,

Steeple Barton Steeple Barton is a civil parish and scattered settlement on the River Dorn in West Oxfordshire, about east of Chipping Norton, a similar distance west of Bicester and south of Banbury. Most of the parish's population lives in the village of ...

, Oxfordshire; 1856 * St John the Baptist's Parish Church, Burringham, Lincolnshire; 1856–57 * Gisborough Hall,

Guisborough Guisborough ( ) is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England. It lies north of the North York Moors National Park. Roseberry Topping, midway between the town and Great Ayton, is a landma ...

, North Yorkshire; 1857 (also attributed to William Milford Teulon) *St Mary's Parish Church, Sunbury, Surrey; internal alterations 1857 *St Thomas's Church, Pearman Street,

; 1857 (demolished) *

Shadwell Court Shadwell Court, Brettenham, Norfolk, Brettenham, Norfolk, England is a country house dating originally from the 18th century. Built for the Buxton baronets, the house was massively enlarged in two stages in the 19th century; in 1840-1842 by Edwar ...

, Rushford, Norfolk; extensions & remodelling 1857–60 * All Saints' Parish Church, Wordwell, Suffolk; restoration 1857 and 1866 *St Giles's Parish Church, Uley, Gloucestershire; rebuilding 1857–58 *St Mary's Parish Church, Alderbury, Wiltshire; 1857–58 *Holy Trinity Parish Church, Oare, Wiltshire; 1857–58 - Pevsner considered it "the ugliest church in Wiltshire". *All Saints' Parish Church, Middleton Stoney, Oxfordshire; rebuilding 1858 *St Bartholomew's Parish Church, Newington Bagpath, Gloucestershire; rebuilt chancel 1858 *Browne's Charity Almshouses and Chapel, South Weald, Essex 1858 *St James's Parish Church, Leckhampstead, Berkshire; 1858–60 *Prince Albert's Workshops, Windsor Great Park, Berkshire; 1858–61 *St Stephen's Parish Church, Manciple Street,

Southwark Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...

; 1859 (demolished 1965) *St John the Baptist's Parish Church, Netherfield,

East Sussex East Sussex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England on the English Channel coast. It is bordered by Kent to the north and east, West Sussex to the west, and Surrey to the north-west. The largest settlement in East ...

; 1859 *Christ Church, Wimbledon, London; 1859–60 * Elvetham Hall,

Elvetham Hartley Wintney is a large village and civil parish in the Hart district of Hampshire, England. It lies about northwest of Fleet and east of Basingstoke. The parish includes the smaller contiguous village of Phoenix Green as well as the h ...

, Hampshire; 1859–60 *Hawkleyhurst House,

Hawkley Hawkley is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 3.5 miles (5.7 km) north of Petersfield, to the west of the A3 road The A3, known as the Portsmouth Road or London Road in sections, is ...

, Hampshire; 1860 *St Mary's Vicarage, Gainford, County Durham; 1860 *St Silas' Church, Penton Street,

Islington Islington () is a district in the north of Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington. It is a mainly residential district of Inner London, extending from Islington's High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the ...

; 1860, completed 1863 by E.P. Loftus Brock *St Bartholomew's Parish Church, Nympsfield, Gloucestershire; rebuilt church 1861–63 * St Mark's Parish Church, Silvertown, London; 1861–62 (now the Brick Lane Music Hall) *Huntley Manor, Huntley, Gloucestershire; 1862 *Bestwood Lodge, Bestwood, Nottinghamshire; 1862–65 *St John the Baptist's Parish Church, Huntley, Gloucestershire; 1863 *Village of Hunstanworth, County Durham; 1863 *St Thomas's Parish Church,

Agar Town Agar Town (also known as Ague Town, Hagar Town, Agar-Town and Agar-town) was a short-lived relatively tiny area of St Pancras, London, St Pancras in central London. It is now the site of St Pancras railway station. History The area was named af ...

, London; 1863 (now demolished) * All Saints Church, Benhilton, Sutton, London; 1863 *St Mary's Parish Church, Woodchester, Gloucestershire; 1863–64 * Royal Chapel of All Saints, Windsor Great Park, Berkshire; 1863–66 *St Peter and St Paul's Parish Church, Hawkley, Hampshire; 1865 *St Mary's Parish Church,

Horsham Horsham is a market town on the upper reaches of the River Arun on the fringe of the Weald in West Sussex, England. The town is south south-west of London, north-west of Brighton and north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby ...

, Sussex; south aisle 1865 * Wrotham Park, Hertfordshire; alterations 1865 * St George's Parish Church,

Hanworth Hanworth is a district of West London, England. Historically in Middlesex, it has been part of the London Borough of Hounslow since 1965. Hanworth adjoins Feltham to the northwest, Twickenham to the northeast and Hampton to the southeast, w ...

, Middlesex; spire 1865 *

Buxton Memorial Fountain The Buxton Memorial Fountain is a memorial and drinking fountain in London, the United Kingdom, that commemorates the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, and in particular, the role of British parliamentarians in the abolition ...

in Victoria Tower Gardens, London; 1865 *Tyndale Monument, North Nibley, Gloucestershire; 1866 *St Paul's Parish Church,

; 1866 * St Margaret's Parish Church, Hopton-on-Sea, Norfolk; 1866-7 * St Mary's Parish Church, Ealing, London; 1866–73 *St Andrew's and St John's School, Roupell Street, Lambeth; c.1868 *Lychgate to Church of St. Peter, South Weald, Essex 1868 *Church of St. Peter, South Weald, Essex 1868 * St Stephen's Parish Church, Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead, London; 1869-71 *The Court House,

St Andrew Holborn __NOTOC__ St Andrew Holborn was an ancient English parish that until 1767 was partly in the City of London and mainly in the county of Middlesex. Its City, thus southern, part retained its former name or was sometimes officially referred to as ...

, London; 1870 *St John the Baptist's Parish Church, Windsor, Berkshire; alterations 1869–73 *Woodlands Vale House,

Ryde Ryde is an English seaside town and civil parish on the north-east coast of the Isle of Wight. The built-up area had a population of 23,999 according to the 2011 Census and an estimate of 24,847 in 2019. Its growth as a seaside resort came a ...

, Isle of Wight; 1870–71 *St Frideswide's Parish Church, New Osney,

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the Un ...

; 1870–72 * Holy Trinity Parish Church, Leicester; remodelling 1871 *St Andrew's Parish Church, Eastern Green,

Coventry Coventry ( or ) is a city in the West Midlands, England. It is on the River Sherbourne. Coventry has been a large settlement for centuries, although it was not founded and given its city status until the Middle Ages. The city is governed ...

; 1875 *Embrook House, Sandgate, Kent; 1852 (demolished) *Riseholme Hall, Stable block (perhaps) Riseholme, Lincolnshire 1840–45

Gallery

File:Emancipation of Slaves 1834 monument - Victoria Tower Gardens - Millbank - Westminster - London - 24042004.jpg, up

in Victoria Tower Gardens, London, designed by S.S. Teulon, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading post ...

in 1834. File:Holy Trinity Church, Hastings (IoE Code 294055).jpg, Holy Trinity parish church in

, East Sussex File:St Margaret's church, Hopton-on-Sea, Norfolk - geograph.org.uk - 1718921.jpg, thumbnail, St Margaret's Church, Hopton-on-Sea, Norfolk File:All Saints Church Benhilton, SUTTON, Surrey, Greater London.jpg, All Saints Church, Benhilton, Sutton,

Greater London Greater may refer to: * Greatness, the state of being great *Greater than, in inequality * ''Greater'' (film), a 2016 American film * Greater (flamingo), the oldest flamingo on record * "Greater" (song), by MercyMe, 2014 * Greater Bank, an Austra ...

File:Elvetham Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1739954.jpg, Elvetham Hall,

File:St Stephen's Church, Rosslyn Hill - geograph.org.uk - 40308.jpg,

St. Stephen's Church, Rosslyn Hill St. Stephen's is a former church building in Hampstead, London. It is sited on Rosslyn Hill at its junction with Pond Street, a steep slope adjacent to the Royal Free Hospital, and held up to 1,200 worshippers at its peak. History It was des ...

, in Hampstead, north London File:Grave of Samuel Sanders Teulon in Highgate Cemetery.jpg, Grave of Samuel Sanders Teulon in

References

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/community/nostalgia/famous_ancestor_built_chapel_for_royal_family_1_3288582 self-published book by historian and great-great-great nephew of S.S. Teulo

* * * * *

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teulon, Samuel Sanders 1812 births 1873 deaths Burials at Highgate Cemetery Gothic Revival architects English ecclesiastical architects People from Greenwich Architects of cathedrals Architects from Kent 19th-century English architects