Sabzevar ( fa, سبزوار ), previously known as Beyhagh (also spelled "Beihagh"; fa, بيهق), is a city and capital of

Sabzevar County Sabzevar County ( fa, شهرستان سبزوار) is located in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Sabzevar. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including those portions of the county later split off to form ...

, in Razavi Khorasan Province, approximately west of the provincial capital

Mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of R ...

, in northeastern

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. At the 2006 census, its population was 208,172, in 57,024 families. Sabzevar is the commercial center for an agricultural region producing

grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, ...

s and

raisin A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, the word ''raisin'' is reserved for the d ...

s. There is some small-scale industry, for

food processing Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industr ...

copperware A coppersmith, also known as a brazier, is a person who makes artifacts from copper and brass. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. The term "redsmith" is used for a tinsmith that uses tinsmithing tools and techniques to make copper items. Hi ...

, and electric motors. Through the old bazaar of Sabzevar fresh, dried, and preserved fruits and vegetables are exported. Sabzevar is connected to

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

and Mashhad by road.

Sabzevar Airport Sabzevar Airport ( fa, فرودگاه سبزوار) is an airport in Sabzevar, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey t ...

provides

domestic flight A domestic flight is a form of commercial flight within civil aviation where the departure and the arrival take place in the same country. Airports serving domestic flights only are known as domestic airports. Domestic flights are generally c ...

s. It suffered a flash flood in April 2020.

History

The history of Sabzevar goes back to the

1st millennium BC The 1st millennium BC, also known as the last millennium BC, was the period of time lasting from the years 1000 BC to 1 BC (10th to 1st centuries BC; in astronomy: JD – ). It encompasses the Iron Age in the Old World and sees the transit ...

. Ancient remains include fire-temple Azarbarzin which is still visible. After the

Mongol invasion of Iran The Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia ( fa, حمله مغول به خوارزمشاهیان) took place between 1219 and 1221, as troops of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan invaded the lands of the Khwarazmian Empire in Central Asia. The cam ...

, the city was the first part of Iran that moved towards its freedom, under the lead of the

Sarbedaran The Sarbadars (from fa, سربدار ''sarbadār'', "head on gallows"; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of th ...

movement. In 14th century

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...

invaded Iran and destroyed the city completely. Contemporary sources mention 90,000 people having been murdered by Timur. After killing all men in the town, he cut their heads and made 3 pyramids of the heads, in what is now the modern Sarberiz (meaning "Place of heads") square. Sabzevar Province had been lost by the

Safavids Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...

to the Uzbeks of

Transoxiana Transoxiana or Transoxania (Land beyond the Oxus) is the Latin name for a region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to modern-day eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Tu ...

, but was regained following a Safavid counter-offensive around 1600, along with

Herat Herāt (; Persian: ) is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safēd ...

and Farah.

Location

Sabzevar is located in the west of Razavi Khorasan province at the northeast of

. Sabzevar is a 650 km far from

(the capital of Iran). It's important close neighbors are

Nishapur Nishapur or officially Romanized as Neyshabur ( fa, ;Or also "نیشاپور" which is closer to its original and historic meaning though it is less commonly used by modern native Persian speakers. In Persian poetry, the name of this city is wr ...

Bardaskan Bardaskan ( fa, بردسكن; also Romanized as ''Badar Askān'', ''Badr Eshkand'', ''Bardāskan'', ''Bardāskand'', ''Bardeshkand'' and ''Bardeskan'') is a city and capital of Bardaskan County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Bardaskan use ...

, Esfarāyen and

Shahrud The Shahrud (Turkish ''Şehrud'' from Persian شاهرود, DMG ''šāh-i rūd'' or ''šāh-rūd'') was a short-necked lute, illustrated in the '' Surname-i Hümayun'', resembling an oud or barbat, but being much larger. The larger size gave t ...

Population

In 1937 when Iran was ruled by

Reza Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian Officer (armed forces), military officer, politician (who served as Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran), ...

, Sabzevar was the second most populated city in the 9th county. According to the census of 2017, Sabzevar is Iran's 34th most populous city.

Anthem

The special Anthem of Sabzevar was unveiled for the first time in 2010; it received the first rank in all anthems of cities in Razavi Khorasan province.

Main sights

Mil-e Khosrow Gerd (meaning "The brick tower of king Khosrau) is the highest brick tower in the city. Mosques include the Masjed Jameh of Friday mosque, with its two tall

minaret A minaret (; ar, منارة, translit=manāra, or ar, مِئْذَنة, translit=miʾḏana, links=no; tr, minare; fa, گل‌دسته, translit=goldaste) is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets are generall ...

s. They were both built during the Islamic age of Sabzevar.

Universities

Hakim Sabzevari University Hakim Sabzevari University (HSU) ( fa, دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری, ''Daneshgah-e Hakim Sabzevari'', Global WHED ID= IAU-016158) is one of the most developed public universities in Sabzevar city at Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Hakim ...

is one of the most prestigious public university in Iran and the oldest university in Sabzevar. HSU was established in 1973 when its name was Kar University. After the Iran revolution in 1979, this university was halted until 1987. HSU was reestablished with a new name. The

Tarbiat Moallem University of Sabzevar Hakim Sabzevari University (HSU) ( fa, دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری, ''Daneshgah-e Hakim Sabzevari'', Global WHED ID= IAU-016158) is one of the most developed public universities in Sabzevar city at Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Hakim ...

was working and growing until 2011. In this year this university was renamed to Hakim Sabzevari University. HSU offers 139 bachelors, masters, and Ph.D. programs to more than 9,200 male and female students studying under about 280 faculty members in 10 departments. HSU is known as the dynamic in science and the leading in development university in Iran. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences is one of the most prestigious public universities in Khorasan province. MEDSAB was established in 1975. In 1986, School of nursing was founded in Sabzevar. MEDSAB offers 20 programs to more than 2000 students in medical fields. This university has more than 200 faculty members. There are 5 hospitals and 4 schools in this university. The city is home to the

Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar The Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch was founded in 1985 in Sabzevar, the second largest city in the Khorasan province in the north east of Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is ...

(IAUS), founded in 1985 in response to increasing demands for a higher education center in the region; expansion and development have always continued within the university. IAUS is one of the most private universities in Khorasan province. Currently, there are about 6,500 students studying in three campuses. Sabzevar University of New Technology is the youngest public university in Khorasan province. SUNT was established in 2011. The main objective of this university on teaching and transferring new technology for women students. SUNT offers modern bachelors programs to more than 1000 female students studying in one department. SUNT is known as the third generation universities in Iran. Sabzevar Panorama 02

Climate

Sabzevar has a

cold semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...

(

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

: ''BSk'').

Historical places

file:Menar_Khosrovgerd.jpg , Minaret Khosrowud file:Baazaar Sarpoush of Sabzevar.jpg, Sabzevar Historical Market file:Hashtpayeh_Reservoir_of_Sabzevar_01.jpg, pool with eight bases file:Gheysarieh Bathroom of Sabzevar 01.jpg, Caesarea Bath

Notable people

Ali Shariati Ali Shariati Mazinani ( fa, علی شریعتی مزینانی, 23 November 1933 – 18 June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who focused on the sociology of religion. He is held as one of the most influential Iranian intell ...

Mahmoud Dowlatabadi Mahmoud Dowlatabadi ( fa, محمود دولت‌آبادی, ''Mahmud Dowlatâbâdi'') (born 1 August 1940 in Dowlatabad, Sabzevar) is an Iranian writer and actor, known for his promotion of social and artistic freedom in contemporary Iran and ...

Hadi Sabzavari Hadi Sabzavari ( fa, ملا هادی سبزواری) or Hajj Molla Hadi Sabzavari (1797–1873 CE / 1212 - 1289 AH) was an Iranian philosopher, mystic theologian and poet. Historical background Molla Hadi lived in the Qajar period. According to ...

Al-Bayhaqi Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Mūsā al-Khusrawjirdī al-Bayhaqī ( ar, أبو بكر أحمد بن حسين بن علي بن موسى الخسروجردي البيهقي, 994–1066), also known as Imām al-Bayhaqī, was born c. ...

* Husayn Kashifi *

Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi Abūʾl-Faḍl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī ( fa, ابوالفضل محمد بن حسین بیهقی; died September 21, 1077), better known as Abu'l-Faḍl Bayhaqi (; also spelled Beyhaqi), was a Persian secretary, historian and author. Educ ...

* Ali Divandari * Ali-Akbar Furutan *

Rouzbeh Cheshmi Rouzbeh Cheshmi ( fa, روزبه چشمی; born 24 July 1993) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or a centre-back for Esteghlal and the Iran national team. Early life Cheshmi was born in Tehran to a family originall ...

Sayed Hassan Amin Sayed Hassan Amin ( fa, سید حسن امین, born 28 November 1948) is an Iranian lawyer, philosopher, scholar, author and pro-democracy political figure. Early life and education Born in Sabzavar, Iran, Amin attended Tehran University at t ...

* Mohammad Khordadian *

Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi ''Hakim Mirza'' Muhammad Kamil ''Dehlavi'' (d. 1809/10), also known as Shahid Rabay (The Fourth Martyr) was an Indian Shia author and a practitioner of Unani medicine in Delhi. Nuzhat-e-Isna Ashariya He authored ''Nuzhat-e-Isna Ashariya'' , a ...

Behzad Nabavi Behzad Nabavi ( fa, بهزاد نبوی) (born 1941) is an Iranian reformist politician. He served as Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Iran and was one of the founders of the reformist party Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization. Pr ...

* Mahmoud Anbarani * Abd al-A'la al-Sabzevari *

Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi Abūʾl-Faḍl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī ( fa, ابوالفضل محمد بن حسین بیهقی; died September 21, 1077), better known as Abu'l-Faḍl Bayhaqi (; also spelled Beyhaqi), was a Persian secretary, historian and author. Edu ...

* Rezai family * Cyrus Ghani *

Amir Shahi Sabzavari Amir Shahi Sabzavari (also spelled Sabzevari, Sabzawari; died 1453) was a Persian poet who flourished in 15th-century Timurid Iran. He was descended from the Sarbadars of Sabzevar. He composed a response to the opening ghazal of Hafez's ''divan ...

* Mohammad Khorramgah *

Mohammad Parvin Gonabadi Mohammad Parvin Gonabadi ( fa, محمد پروین گنابادی, Moḥammad Parvin Gonābādi) was an Iranian literary scholar and politician. Early life and education Parvin Gonabadi was born in Gonabad into a clerical family. He went to Mash ...

* Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari *

Fakhreddin Hejazi Fakhreddin Hejazi ( fa, فخرالدین حجازی) was an Iranian orator and politician who represented Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat from 1980 to 1992, and was the most-voted deputy in the 1980 Iranian legislative election. Political positions ...

Mohammad Salari Mohammad Salari ( fa, محمد سالاری) is an Iranian reformist politician who currently serves as a member of the City Council of Tehran The Islamic City Council of Tehran ( fa, شورای اسلامی شهر تهران) is the directly ...

Kulū Isfandiyār Kulū Isfandiyār ( fa, کلو اسفندیار) was the leader of the Sarbadars of Sabzewar from 1346 until around 1347. Career Kulu Isfandiyar was a military commander under Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud and was one of his supporters. In 1346 was instal ...

Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani ( fa, محمدرضا راه‌چمنی‎; 1 December 1952 – 9 March 2020) was an Iranian physician and reformist politician. From 1984 to 2000, he represented Sabzevar in the Iranian Parliament. During the early 200 ...

* Arash Sobhani *Ali Salehabadi *Habib Rezaei *Iraj Mehdian *Mohammadreza Davarzani *Mohammad Hashem Mirza Afsar *Hasan Reyvandi *Hedayat Hashemi *Saeed Soltampour *Hamid Sabzevari *Gholam-Ali Beski *Hossein Torabi *Hassan Lahooti *Ghasem Ghani *Hossein Golestani

Transportation

Sabzevar is located on the country's transportation highway and passes through roads 44, 87 and the freeway under construction from shrine to shrine. Also, the

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

Quchan Quchan ( fa, قوچان ' ; also Romanized as Qūchān and Quçan; also known as Khabushan, Gochan) is a city and capital of Quchan County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. It is located due south of the border city of Ashgabat. At the 2006 ce ...

-Sabzevar transit highway leads from Sabzevar to other parts of the country. It was known as the permitted air border and was operational 24 hours a day.

Airport

Sabzevar Airport was opened in 2003 and now has

international flight An international flight is a form of commercial flight within civil aviation where the departure and the arrival take place in different countries. Regular international passenger air service began in August 1919 with a flight going from Lond ...

s and is the only airport in Khorasan Razavi that transports passengers after

Mashhad Airport Mashhad International Airport ( fa, فرودگاه بین‌المللی مشهد) is an international airport located in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran. Overview Mashhad international airport is the Iran's second-busiest airport, behind T ...

. The airport, which had previously experienced foreign flights to

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

and

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...

in the 1990s and 1990s, now operates direct flights back and forth to Tehran and

Kish Island Kish ( fa, کیش ) is a resort island in Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgān Province, off the southern coast of Iran in the Persian Gulf. Owing to its free trade zone status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, ...

two days a week.

References

External links

Governorship Webpage
{{Authority control Populated places in Sabzevar County Cities in Razavi Khorasan Province