SMS Olga

SMS ''Olga'' was the second member of the of steam corvettes built for the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) in the 1880s. Intended for service in the German colonial empire, the ship was designed with a combination of steam and sail power for extended range, and was equipped with a battery of ten guns. ''Olga'' was laid down at the AG Vulcan in Stettin in 1879, she was launched in December 1880, and she was completed in January 1882.

In the course of her career, ''Olga'' was sent abroad on three major deployments. The first, uneventful voyage came in 1882, and took the vessel to South American waters for a year and a half. During the cruise, Prince Heinrich of Prussia served aboard the ship. The second cruise came shortly thereafter, when the German Admiralty sent her to the German colony of Kamerun as part of the West African Squadron to suppress a rebellion against German rule. Her third cruise took place between 1885 and 1889, and saw the ship alternate between German East Africa and German New Guinea in the central Pacific Ocean. While in Samoa in 1889, ''Olga'' was badly damaged by a powerful cyclone and was forced to leave the station for repairs.

From 1890, ''Olga'' saw limited service, in a variety of subsidiary roles. She was used as a training ship from 1893 to 1897, when she was transferred to the Fishery School. She conducted an extensive survey in Spitzbergen in 1898 before being decommissioned late in the year, to be converted into a gunnery training ship. She served in that capacity until 1905, when she was stricken from the naval register. ''Olga'' was sold for scrap the following year and was broken up in 1908.

Design

The six ships of the ''Carola'' class were ordered in the late 1870s to supplement Germany's fleet of cruising warships, which at that time relied on several ships that were twenty years old. ''Olga'' and her sister ships were intended to patrol Germany's colonial empire and safeguard German economic interests around the world.

''Olga'' was long overall, with a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 10 officers and 265 enlisted men. She was powered by a single double-expansion marine steam engine that drove one 2-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by eight coal-fired fire-tube boilers, which gave her a top speed of at . She had a cruising radius of at a speed of . As built, ''Olga'' was equipped with a three-masted barque rig, but this was later reduced.

''Olga'' was armed with a battery of ten 22-caliber (cal.) breech-loading guns and two 24-cal. guns. She also carried six Hotchkiss revolver cannon. Later in her career, her armament was reduced to two SK L/30 guns and ten 3.7 cm machine cannon of unrecorded type.

Service history

''Olga'' was ordered as ''Ersatz Augusta'', a replacement for the old corvette , in late 1878; the contract for her construction was awarded to AG Vulcan Stettin. Her keel was laid down there in 1879, and she was launched on 11 December 1880. ''Konteradmiral'' (''KAdm''—Rear Admiral) Carl Ferdinand Batsch gave the speech at her launching ceremony, where she was named for Olga Nikolaevna of Russia, the wife of Charles I of Württemberg. Sea trials began in September 1881, and on 9 January 1882, ''Olga'' was pronounced ready for service.

First two deployments abroad

''Olga'' was assigned to the South America station on 1 October 1882; she left Kiel on 14 October, with then-''Leutnant zur See'' Prince Heinrich of Prussia aboard as the ship's watch officer. Batsch—who had by now been promoted to ''Vizeadmiral'' (''VAdm''–Vice Admiral)—accompanied the vessel aboard the shipyard vessel ''Notus'' while she was still in the Baltic Sea. She stopped in Plymouth, Britain, where Prince Heinrich visited his grandmother, Queen Victoria. Heavy storms delayed her departure from Plymouth until 23 October, and she arrived in Bridgetown, Barbados, on 3 December. ''Olga'' stayed in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, from 16 January 1883 to 11 February, and during this period, the ship's captain and Prince Heinrich chartered the steamship to explore the Orinoco river in Venezuela. ''Olga'' thereafter visited ports in Venezuela and Brazil. While in Rio de Janeiro, Emperor Pedro II of Brazil visited the ship.

''Olga'' began the voyage back to Germany on 5 January 1884, and on the way had to stop in Plymouth again due to storm damage. While the ship was under repair, Prince Heinrich again went to visit Queen Victoria in London, this time accompanied by Georg Herbert Münster, the German ambassador to Britain. While they were in Paddington and Victoria stations, bombs were placed under Prince Heinrich's seat, though both failed to explode. On reaching Kiel on 13 March, the ship was greeted by Leo von Caprivi, the Chief of the Admiralty, and Prince Heinrich's brother, Crown Prince Wilhelm, the former aboard the ironclad and the latter aboard ''Notus''.

In August 1884, the Admiralty planned to use ''Olga'' for training purposes, but unrest in the German colony of Kamerun necessitated the formation of a West African Squadron; they assigned ''Olga'' to the squadron, along with its flagship, the corvette , and the corvettes and . ''Olga'' was accordingly commissioned on 1 October for service with the squadron, and she left Wilhelmshaven on 30 October. She anchored off Douala on 18 December in company with ''Bismarck''. The ships sent landing parties ashore and took part in battles with local forces in the town on 20 and 21 December. The ships' shallow draft allowed them to proceed upriver to provide gunfire support to the men fighting on land. Once the fighting ended, ''Olga'' conducted a survey of the Wouri River. She was sent to Togoland to suppress unrest in that colony in early February 1885 before returning to Kamerun in mid-March. She was relieved by the gunboat on 2 April; at that point, she left western Africa and returned to Germany, arriving in Kiel on 25 May.

Third deployment abroad

After arriving, ''Olga'' went into the shipyard for a major overhaul. She then began her training ship duties, initially in German waters, and then in the training squadron with . This activity lasted until 14 September, when she was again assigned to the African station. This time, the squadron was sent to German East Africa. ''Olga'' left Germany on 29 October and arrived in East African waters on 29 December, meeting ''Bismarck'', the flagship of ''KAdm'' Eduard von Knorr. Already on 9 February 1886, the squadron was ordered to leave Africa for the central Pacific Ocean. While there, ''Olga'' surveyed the coast of New Mecklenburg independently from the rest of the squadron. The ships regrouped in Hong Kong on 23 July, where they underwent maintenance work. While cruising in East Asian waters later that year, Knorr received orders to take the squadron back to German East Africa.

The squadron arrived on 25 December, and ''Olga'' was tasked with patrolling the coast of Wituland and raising the German flag in Manda Bay (in what is now Kenya) in January 1887. She was also sent to force the extradition of the murderers of the German explorer Karl Ludwig Jühlke, and transported the men from Kismayo to Zanzibar. In early March 1887, the squadron left East Africa and went to Cape Town, South Africa, due to rising tensions between Germany and France. There, they awaited further orders that might come in the event of war between the two countries. After the situation calmed, the Admiralty sent the ships back to the Pacific on 7 May. They arrived in Sydney, Australia on 9 June; that day, ''Olga''s captain suddenly died and the executive officer took command of the vessel. While in Sydney, the ship went into the dry dock there for an overhaul.

The work was completed by August, allowing the squadron to proceed to Samoa. They arrived in Apia on 19 August, and there, a new captain came aboard ''Olga''. She remained in Apia until 27 November, and thereafter went elsewhere in German New Guinea. In April 1888, she was replaced by the gunboat , allowing ''Olga'' to rejoin the squadron in Singapore, which she reached on 10 June. The squadron left Singapore on 26 June, bound for another tour in East Africa. In August, she went to several ports in the colony in support of the German East Africa Company and to survey the harbors. On 19 September, the Admiralty ordered ''Olga'' to return to Samoa, as tensions in the islands during the Samoan Civil War required the presence of a warship larger than a gunboat. While en route, she embarked the deposed King of Samoa, Malietoa Laupepa, in Aden and carried him first to Jaluit in the Marshall Islands and then to Apia on 14 December.

There, she joined the gunboats ''Eber'' and . After German-run plantations at Vailele were attacked by forces commanded by Tupua Tamasese Titimaea, a rival to Laupepa, ''Olga'' and the gunboats sent landing parties ashore to defend the plantations. Four days later, they were attacked by Tamasese's forces; in the ensuing First Battle of Vailele, two officers and thirteen men from ''Olga'' were killed. The three ships remained in the area until the night of 15–16 March 1889, when a major cyclone struck the island. ''Olga''s captain ran the ship aground to prevent her from being sunk, but ''Eber'' and ''Adler'' were destroyed in the storm. On 29 March, the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer , with the help of Samoans, pulled ''Olga'' from the beach. Since ''Olga'' had lost all of her anchors, ''Lübeck'' escorted her to Sydney with the survivors from ''Eber'' and ''Adler'' aboard. Repair work lasted for two months, and on 20 June, she left for Germany. While on the way, she was accidentally rammed and lightly damaged by a British steamship in the Suez Canal. ''Olga'' reached Kiel on 9 September and proceeded on to the ''Kaiserliche Werft'' (Imperial Shipyard) in Danzig for further repairs.

Training ship

The Admiralty thereafter decided to employ ''Olga'' as a training ship. Her rigging was reduced and she was assigned to the North Sea Naval Station in 1891. ''Olga'' was activated for training duties for the first time on 25 July 1893 to take part in divisional exercises with the rest of the fleet that were held every year. These maneuvers concluded on 30 September, after which she was again laid up in Wilhelmshaven. On 31 March 1897, ''Olga'' was reclassified as a third class cruiser, and she was transferred to the Fisheries School in November to replace the old aviso , which had recently been decommissioned temporarily. During this period, she housed the school during the winter months. After ''Zieten'' returned to service on 29 March 1898, the two ships operated together in the North Sea. They cruised in the southern North Sea in April and May that year, returning to Wilhelmshaven on 9 May.

''Olga'' participated in a scientific cruise to the Spitzbergen archipelago with a group of experts from the German Sea Fishing Association. She left Wilhelmshaven on 22 June and arrived off Bären island in early July. She surveyed the island from 4 to 7 July and gathered sounding measurements around the coast, and thereafter worked north of the island. ''Olga'' returned to Germany on 28 August. Her presence in the archipelago caused a sensation in Russia, and the Russian Navy sent a cruiser there in July to claim the islands for Russia.

''Olga'' returned to fishery protection service in the North Sea on 4 October, though this was interrupted later that month by a training cruise to Vigo, Spain. On 30 November, after having returned to Germany, she was decommissioned. She was transferred to the gunnery training school in 1900, and she was converted in the ''Kaiserliche Werft'' in Wilhelmshaven for that purpose. She received a new battery of two 8.8 cm guns and ten 3.7 cm machine cannon. She remained in service in this role until February 1905, when she was replaced by the light cruiser . During her service as a gunnery training ship, she took part in the annual fleet maneuvers in August and September 1904. ''Olga'' was stricken from the naval register on 29 March 1905, sold the following year, and broken up for scrap in Hamburg in 1908.

Notes

References

*
*
*
*

Further reading

*
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Olga
Carola-class corvettes
1880 ships
Ships built in Stettin
Maritime incidents in March 1889