E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''SIAH1''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

Function

This gene encodes for a polypeptide structure that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an

E3 ligase A ubiquitin ligase (also called an E3 ubiquitin ligase) is a protein that recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin, recognizes a protein substrate, and assists or directly catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin ...

and is involved in

ubiquitination Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Fo ...

and

proteasome Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that help such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by w ...

-mediated degradation of specific proteins. The activity of this ubiquitin ligase has been implicated in the development of certain forms of

Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms becom ...

, the regulation of the cellular response to

hypoxia Hypoxia means a lower than normal level of oxygen, and may refer to: Reduced or insufficient oxygen * Hypoxia (environmental), abnormally low oxygen content of the specific environment * Hypoxia (medical), abnormally low level of oxygen in the tis ...

and induction of

apoptosis Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes incl ...

Alternative splicing Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be ...

results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized.

Interactions

SIAH1 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...

with: * APC, *

BAG1 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BAG1'' gene. Function The oncogene BCL2 is a membrane protein that blocks a step in a pathway leading to apoptosis or programmed cell death. The protein ...

, *

CACYBP Calcyclin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CACYBP'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a calcyclin binding protein. It may be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteosomal degradatio ...

, *

KHDRBS3 KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KHDRBS3'' gene. Interactions KHDRBS3 has been shown to interact with SIAH1. KHDRBS3 interacts with splicing protein Sa ...

, *

KIF22 Kinesin-like protein KIF22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KIF22'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of kinesin-like protein family. This family of proteins are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transpor ...

, * NUMB, *

PEG10 Retrotransposon-derived protein PEG10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PEG10'' gene. Function This gene includes two overlapping reading frames of the same transcript encoding distinct isoforms. The shorter isoform has a CCHC-typ ...

, *

PEG3 Paternally-expressed gene 3 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PEG3'' gene. PEG3 is an imprinted gene expressed exclusively from the paternal allele and plays important roles in controlling fetal growth rates and nurturing be ...

POU2AF1 POU domain class 2-associating factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POU2AF1'' gene. The protein is also termed Oct coactivator from B cells (i.e. OCAB), Oct binding factor 1 (OBF1 or OBF-1), and, as commonly found in the liter ...

, *

RBBP8 Retinoblastoma-binding protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBBP8'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. It is found among several proteins that bind directly to retin ...

, and *

TRIB3 Tribbles homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIB3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a putative protein kinase that is induced by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. It is a pseudoenzyme that is though ...

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading